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BRITISH POMOLOGY; 

OR, THE 

HISTORY, DESCRIPTION, CLASSIFICATION, 
AND SYNONYMES, 

OF THE 

FRUITS AND FRUIT TREES 

OF 

GREAT BRITAIN ; 

ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS, 

BY 

ROBERT HOGG. 



" Fruit of all kinds, in coat 



Rough or smooth rind, or bearded husk or shell."— Milton. 



THE APPLE. 

' Arboris est suavis Fructus, sunt dulcia Poma, 
Dulcior est inquam Nectare, et Ambrosia." 



; . 



LONDON: 

GROOMBRIDGE AND SONS, PATERNOSTER ROW; 

EDINBURGH: JAMES HOGG; 

GLASGOW: DAVID BRYCE. 

MDCCCLI. 



PRINTED BY WILLIAM FORD, 

28, Russell Court, Brydges Street, Covent Gakdeh, 

LONDON. 



$J> 



&?> 



^ 



2^ 



TO 

MR. ROBERT THOMPSON, 

FOR 

THE IMPORTANT SERVICES HE HAS RENDERED TO THE 

STUDY OF POMOLOGY, 

AND FOR 

HIS UNWEARIED LABORS IN DETERMINING AND ARRANGING 

POMOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE. 

THIS WORK 

IS DEDICATED BY HIS SINCERE FRIEND, 

THE AUTHOR 



PREFACE. 



It is much to be regretted, that of late years, so little attention 
has been given in this country, to the study of pomology, and that 
so few efforts have been made to encourge a taste for this most 
important, most instructive, and intellectual branch of horticultural 
science. 

Towards the end of the last, and beginning of the present century, 
when the late Mr. Knight was in the full vigor of his scientific 
pursuits, this was the subject which engaged so much of his power- 
ful intellect, and from which he succeeded in producing such great 
and beneficial results. With Mr. Knight as president, and Mr. 
Sabine as secretary, the Horticultural Society of London did much 
for the advancement of this subject, and in extending a knowledge 
not only of the fruits of this country,but of the most valuable varieties 
of the continent of Europe, and America. Through the exertions 
of these gentlemen, and in conjunction with the illustrious pomo- 
logists, Dr. Diel and Professor Van Mons, and other eminent conti- 
nental correspondents, was obtained that vast collection of fruits 
which once existed in the Society's garden ; and by means of which 
that great undertaking of determining and arranging the nomencla- 



VI PREFACE. 

ture was accomplished. During this period the Society's Transac- 
tions teemed with rich, and interesting pomological papers, and 
several works of a high character were ushered into existence. Of 
these the most important were the Pomonas of Brookshaw and 
Hooker, the Pomological Magazine, and Konalds's Pyrus Malus 
Brentfordiensis ; but these are all of such a class, as from their 
great cost to he regarded more as works of art, than of general 
utility. The only one which was at all calculated to be of general 
benefit was, Lindley's " Guide to the Orchard ; " a work which 
furnished descriptions of, and embraced a greater number of 
varieties than had hitherto been attempted. This then may be 
regarded as the most complete work for general reference, with 
which pomologists in this country had ever been furnished. 

Upwards of twenty years have now elapsed since the " Guide to 
the Orchard" issued from the press, and during that period, Knight, 
Sabine, and many great patrons of pomology have entered into 
their rest, leaving none behind them to prosecute, with the same 
vigour, that study which they so much loved and adorned. But 
although there has been nc corporate effort to promote and stimulate 
this study, private enterprize has not altogether been awanting to 
keep pace with the rapid progression of the Continent and America; 
but for this, we might yet have been in total ignorance of many of 
the most desirable fruits of modern times, and particularly of those 
valuable varieties, the result of the later labors of Van Mons, 
Esperen, and others ; together with several of considerable merit, 
furnished by the fertile pomology of the New World. 

Since the publication of Lindley's " Guide," therefore, there has 
not only been such additions to our varieties of fruits, but such a 
complete reformation and arrangement of pomological nomenclature 
as to have rendered that book, as a work of reference of considerably 
less value ; and it was on account of the necessity for a new work, 
adapted to the wants of the present day, and embracing the most 
recent information on the subject, that I entered upon the present 
undertaking. The facilities I have possessed for carrying it out, 
are perhaps greater than fall to the lot of most men. My earliest 



PEEFACE. Vll 

associations were with fruits and fruit trees ; the greater part of my 
active life has been engaged in their cultivation and devoted to their 
study ; and for nearly ten years, I had the advantage of making an 
annual tour throughout the length and breadth of England and 
Scotland, during which, I allowed no opportunity to escape of 
making myself acquainted with the fruits of the various districts, and 
securing correspondents to whom I could apply, in cases of necessity. 
With these advantages, I some years ago established an orchard, 
for the purpose of examining the distinctive characters and deter- 
mining the nomenclature of fruits ; and there I have succeeded, in 
securing all the varieties it is possible to procure, either in this 
country or abroad, and thereby to obtain from personal observation 
all the information attainable on the subject. 

In the execution of this work, my object has been, not to give a 
mere selection of the best varieties of fruits cultivated in this 
country, but to describe minutely, and at length, all the varieties 
with their essential characters, distinguishing those which are, and 
those which are not worthy of cultivation. I have endeavoured 
to embrace all the fruits which are recorded as existing in Great 
Britain, and although it cannot be supposed I have been able to ob- 
tain the whole of them, still, I have secured such a number as will 
leave but a very small portion un-noticed. The plan which I 
have adopted in the general arrangement will be found to em- 
brace all matters both descriptive, historical, and critical, touching 
the several varieties. The nomenclature I have followed is, except in 
some instances for reasons given, that of the London Horticultural 
Society's Catalogue, a valuable work prepared by that patient and 
indefatigable pomologist, Mr. Eobert Thompson. The advantage 
of this identity of nomenclature is evident, as it sets at rest that 
mass of confusion, which so long existed as to the correct names of 
fruits. In describing each variety, the approved name, that is the 
name which shall serve as a standard by which that variety shall in 
future be distinguished, is printed in Koman Capitals ; and either 
abbreviated, or in full length, is annexed the name of the author 
who first records or describes it. When the variety is of such 
antiquity as not to be identified with any particular author, the 



Vlll PREFACE. 

name of the one who first distinctly describes it is given. Following 
the standard name, is the identification or list of works in which 
the variety is identified as being described ; the synonymes or 
names by which it is mentioned in all works on pomology, or known 
in various districts ; and then a list of works in which it is most 
correctly and faithfully figured. Then follow the description, 
history, and critical observations, when such are necessary. I have 
furnished diagrams, of the newest, rarest, and most esteemed 
varieties ; and this mode of illustration conveys a better idea of the 
general character of the fruit, than a fore-shortened drawing, and 
answers the same purpose as a highly finished engraving, without 
swelling the price of the work to such an extent, as to render it un- 
available for ordinary use. At the end, I have given lists of the 
most excellent varieties adapted for various districts of the country, 
as also such as are suited for being grown as Standards, Dwarfs, 
and for Cyder. The whole work is terminated by a copious index, 
which includes all the synonymes, and which of itself, will afford 
much valuable assistance, in all matters relating to pomological 
nomenclature. 

It now remains for me to acknowledge the favors I have received 
from many kind friends, who have, by furnishing materials and in- 
formation, rendered me much valuable assistance. To Mr. Eobert 
Thompson, already mentioned, I am particularly indebted for the 
liberal way in which he has always supplied me with any informa- 
tion I required. To the late Mr. John Eonalds, of Brentford, for 
the free use of his valuable collection; as also to his excellent and 
much respected foreman, Mr. William Waring. To Mr. James Lake, 
nurseryman, of Bridgewater, for specimens of, and communications 
respecting the fruits of the Somerset, Devon, and West of England 
orchards. To Mr. William Fairbread, of Green-street, near Sitting- 
bourne, for those of the great orchard districts of Kent. To 
Mr. Mannington, of Uckfield, and Mr. Henry Barton, of Heathfield, 
Sussex, for the fruits of these neighbourhoods. To Mr. J. 0. 
Wheeler, of Gloucester, and the late Mr. Hignell, orchardist, of 
Tewkesbury. To George Jefferies, Esq., of Marlborough Terrace, 
Kensington, for some of the valuable fruits of Norfolk ; and to the 



PREFACE. IX 

Rev. Henry Manton, of Sleaford. To Mr. Roger Hargreave, of 
Lancaster, for a complete collection from the Lancashire orchards, 
To Archibald Tumbull, Esq., of Belwood, near Perth, whose choice 
and extensive collection, was freely placed at my disposal. To 
Mr. A. Gorrie, of Annat, and Robert Mathew, Esq., of Gourdie- 
hill, in the Carse of Gowrie, for much valuable information, and 
specimens of the fruits of that great orchard district of the North. 
To Mr. Evans, superintendent of the Caledonian Horticultural 
Society's Garden, Edinburgh, for much valuable assistance derived 
from a free inspection of the collection of the Society. To my 
brother, Mr. Thomas Hogg, of Coldstream, for the fruits of the 
Tweedside orchards, and to numerous nurserymen and private 
individuals, who have aided me in the prosecution of this work, 
I now tender my warmest and heartfelt thanks. 

R. H. 

13, Gilston Road. Brompton, 
Dec, 1851. 



ABBEEVIATIONS, AND LIST OF BOOKS EEFEEEED TO 
IN THE FOLLOWING WOEE. ' 



r 



Aber Diet ) ^ e Universal Gardener and Botanist ; or a General Dictionary 

Aber Gar'd Diet I of Gardening and Botany, by John Abercrombie, 1 vol. 

1 ') 4to., London, 1778. 

Ace, or ace. — When this abbreviation is prefixed to a citation, it signifies according 
to, or on the authority of, as ace Hort Soc. Cat, according to, or on the authority 
of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue. 

Aldro. Dend. — Ulyssis Aldrovandi, Dendrologise naturalis scilicet Arborum Historic 
libri duo. Sylva Glandaria, Acinosumque Pomarium. 1 vol. fol. Bononioe, 1668. 

Aug. Obs. — Observations sur L' Agriculture, et Le Jardinage, pour servir destruc- 
tion a ceux qui desireront s'y rendre habiles, par Angran de Rueneuve. 2 vols. 
12mo., Paris, 1712. 

Aust O eh } ^~ Treatise of Fruit Trees, shewing the manner of Grafting, Planting, 
Aust T at r Pruning, and Ordering of them, in all respects, according to 

j new and easy rules of Experience, &c. &c, by Ralph Austen. 

1 vol. 4to., Oxford, 1657. 

Bauh. Hist. — Historia Plant arum universalis, Johanno Bauhino. 3 vols. fol. 
Ebroduni. i and ii. 1650, iii. 1651. 

Baum. Cat. — Catalogue general des Vegetaux de pleine terre, disponsibles dans 
1'etablishment horticole d' Aug. Nap. Baumann a Bolwyller, 1850 — 51. 

Bon. Jard. — Le Bon Jardinier almanach pour l'annee, 1 843. Paris. 

Booth Cat. — A Catalogue of Eruit Trees cultivated by G. Booth, Hamburg. 

Brad. Fain. Diet. — Dictionaire Oeconomique ; or Family Dictionary, &c. &c, by 
Richard Bradley. 2 vols. fol. London, 1725. 

Brad. Treat. — A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening, by Richard Bradley. 
3 vols. 8vo., London, 1721—1722. 

Bret. Ecole. — L'Ecole du Jardin Fruitier, par M. de la Bretonnerie. 2 vols. 12mo. 
Paris, 1784. 

Brook. Pom. Brit. — Pomona Britannica; or a collection of the most established fruits 
at present cultivated in Great Britain, &c., by George Brookshaw. 1 vol. fol. 
London, 1812. 

Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem, — Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, 8vo. 
Edinburgh, vol. 1. 1819, et seq. 



Xll LIST OF BOOKS. 

Cal. Traite. — Traite complet sur les Pepiniers &c., par Etienne Calvel. ed. 2, 3 vols. 
12mo., Paris. N. D. 

Chart. Cat. — Catalogue des Arbres a. Fruits les plus excellent, les plus rares, et les 
plus estimes, qui se cultivent dans les pepiniers des Reverendes Peres 
Chartreux de Paris. 1 vol. 12mo., Paris, 1775. 

Christ Gartenb. — Allgemein-practisches Gartenbuch fiir Burger und Landraann 
iiber den Kiicben-und Obstgarten, von Dr. Joh. Ludw. Christ. 1 vol. 8vo. 
Heilbronn, 1814. 

Christ Handb. — Handbuch uber die Obstbaumzucht und Obstlehre, &c., von Joh. 
Ludw. Christ. 1 vol. 8vo., Frankfurt a M., ed. 1, 1794 ; ed. 2, 1797 ; ed. 3, 
1804 ; ed4, 1817. 

Christ Handworter. — Pomologisches Theoretisch-practisches Handworterbuch, &c. 
von Joh. Ludw. Christ. 1 vol 4to. Leipzig, 1802. 

Christ Vottst. Pom. — -Vollstandige Pomologie &c. &c. von Joh. Ludw. Christ. 2 vols. 
8vo., Frankfurt, 1809. 

Coles Adam in Eden. — Adam in Eden, or Nature's Paradise. The History of Plants, 
Fruits, and Flowers, by William Coles. 1 vol. fol., London, 1657. 

Cord. Hist. — Valerii Cordi Historiae Stirpium Libri iv. 1 vol. fol., Argentorati, 1561. 

Cours Comp. d.Agric. — Nouveau Cours complet d' Agriculture, par M. M. Thouin, 
Parmeutier, Bosc, Chaptal, &c. &c, 16 vols. 8vo., Paris, 1823. 

C e V'ew ) ^ ^ ew °^ tne cultivation of Fruit Trees in the United States, and'of 
ox i w. i t ^ e mana g ement f Orchards and Cyder, by William Coxe, 

i^oxe uuit. j j yoL 8va? Phi i adelphia> 1817> 

Curtius Hort. — Hortorum Libri xxx, auctore Benedicto Curtio. 1 vol. fol., Lugduni 
1560. 

Dahuron Traite. — Traite de la taille des Arbres Fruitiers, et de la maniere de les bien 
elever, par Rene Dahuron. 1 vol. 12 mo., Cell, 1699. 

Dec. Prod. — Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetablis. Aug. Pyr. 
Decandolle, 8vo., Paris, vol. 1, 1824, et seq. 

Diel Kernobst. — Versuch einer systematischen Beschreibung in Deutschland vorhan- 
dener Kernobstsorten, von Dr. Aug. Fried. Adr. Diel. 21 Hf'te 8vo., Frank- 
furt a M., 1799—1819. 6 Bdchn, Stuttgart, 1821.— 1832. 

Ditt. Handb. — Systematisches Handbuch der Obstkunde, von J. G. Dittrich. 3 vols. 
8vo., Jena, 1839 — 1841. 

Doch. Centralobst. — Die Allgemeine Centralobstbaumschule, irhe Zwecke und 
Einrichtung von F. J. Dochnahl. 1 vol. 8vo., Jena, 1848. 

Down. Fr. Amer. — The Fruit and Fruit Trees of America ; or the culture and 
management in the garden and orchard of Fruit Trees generally, by A. J. 
Downing. 1 vol. 8vo., New York, 1845. 

Duh. Arb. Fruit. — Traite des Arbres Fruitiers ; contenant leur figure, leur descrip- 
tion, leur culture &c, par Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau. 2 vols. 4to 
Paris, 1768. 

Ellis Mod. Busb. — The Modern Husbandman, or the Practice of Farming, by 
William Ellis. 8 vols. 8vo., London, 1744—1747. 

Evelyn Fjr. Gard. — The French Gardiner ; instructing how to cultivate all sorts of 
Fruit Trees and Herbs for the garden, &c, by John Evelyn, Esq. Ed. 3, 
1 vol. 12mo., London, 1672. 

Evelyn Pom. — Pomona : or an appendix concerning Fruit Trees, in relation to 
Cyder ; the making, and several ways of ordering it, by John Evelyn. 
Published with the^Sylva. 1 vol. fol., London, 1829. 

Filass. Tab. — Tableau generate des principeaux objects qui composent la Pepiniere, 

dirigee par M. Filassier. 1 vol. Paris, 1785. 
Fors. Treat. — A Treatise on the culture and management of Fruit Trees, by William 

Forsyth. Ed. 7, 1 vol. 8vo. London, 1824. 



LIST OF BOOKS. X1H 

Gallesio Pom. Ital. — Pomona Italiana ossia trattato degli Alberi Fruttiferi di Georgeo 
Gallesio. fol. Pisa, 1817. et seq. 

Gard. Chron. — The Gardener's Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, edited by- 
Professor Lindley. fol. London, 1841, et seq. 

Ger. Herb.— The Herbal, or General History of Plants, by John Gerard. I vol. 
fol., London, 1597. 

Gibs. Fr. Gard. — The Fruit Gardener, containing the manner of raising stocks, for 
multiplying of Fruit Trees by budding, grafting, &c. &c. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 
1768. 

*** The authorship of this work is ascribed to John Gibson, Esq., M.D., 
at one time a surgeon in the Eoyal Navy. 

Googe Husb. — The whole Art and Trade of Husbandry contained in foure books, by 
Barnaby Googe, Esq. 1 vol. 4to., London, 1614. 

H. — When this initial of the author's name is placed after the standard name of 
any variety, it signifies, that that variety has not been recorded or described 
in any previous work. 

Henne Anweis. — Anweisung wie man eine Baumschule von Obstbaumen in grossen 
anlegen und gehorig unterhalten solle, von Sam. Dav. Lud. Henne. Ed. 3, 
1 vol. 8vo., Halle, 1776. 

Hitt Treat. — A Treatise of Fruit Trees, by Thomas Hitt, ed. 3, 1 vol 8vo. London, 
1768. 

Hook. Pom. Lond. — Pomona Londonensis, &c, by William Hooker. 1 vol. 4to., 
London, 1813. 

Hort. Soc. Cat. — \ A Catalogue of the Fruits cultivated in the garden of the 

XT « p \ Horticultural Society of London. I vol. 8vo., London. 

U# J Ed. 1, 1826. Ed. 2, 1842. Ed. 3, 1843. 

*% The second and third Editions of this work, were prepared by 

Mr. Robert Thompson, the superintendent of the Fruit department in 

the Society's Garden. 

Hort. Trans.— Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, 4to., London, 
vol. 1, 1813, et seq. 

Husb. Fr. Orch. — The Husbandman's Fruitfull Orchard, &c. &c. 1 vol. 4to, London, 
1597. 

Ibid. — When this abbreviation is made use of among the synonymes, it refers to the 
same work as is quoted immediately preceding it. 

Inst. Arb. Fruict. — Instructions pour les Arbres Fructiers, par M. R. T. P. D. S. M. 
Ed. 3, 1 vol. l2mo., Roven, 1659. 

Jard. Franc. — Le Jardinier Francois, qui enseigne a cultiver les Arbres, Herbes, 
Potageres, &c. &c. Ed, 4, 1 vol. 12mo., Paris, 1653. 

Jard. Fruit. — See Nois. Jard. Fruit. 

Ken. Amer. Or. — The New American Orchardist, by William Kenrick. 1 vol. 8vo., 
Boston, 1833. 

Knoop Pom. — Pomologie ; ou description des meilleurs sortes des Pommes et des 
i Poires, &c. &c. 1 vol. fol. Amsterdam, 1771. 

Lang. Pom. — Pomona ; or the Fruit Garden illustrated, by Batty Langley. 1 vol. 
fol., London, 1729. 

Laws. Cat. — Catalogue of Fruit Trees, et csetera. Peter Lawson and Son, Edinburgh, 
1851. 

Laws. New Or ) ^ New O rcnarci and Garden ; or the best way for planting, 

Laws' Orch I grafting, and to make any ground good for a rich orchard, 

) &c, by William Lawson. 1 vol. 4to., London 5 97. 

Leslie §• Anders. Cat. — Catalogue of Hardy Shrubs, Greenhouse and Hothouse 

Plants, Fruit and Forest 'Trees, &c, &c, sold by Leslie, Anderson, and Co., 

Edinburgh, 1780. 



XIV LIST OF BOOKS. 

Lind. Guide. — A Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Garden ; or an account of the 
most valuable Fruit and Vegetables cultivated in Great Britain, by George 
Lindley. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1831. 

Lind. Plan. Or. — A Plan of an Orchard, by George Lindley, 1796. 

M. C. H. S.— See Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem. 

Mclnt. Orch. — The Orchard, including the management of Wall and Standard Fruit 
Trees, by Charles Mcintosh. 1 vol. 8vo, London, 1839. 

Maund Fruit. — The Fruitist, by Benjamin Maund, 4to., London , published along 
with Maund's British Flower Garden. 

Mayer Pom. Franc. — Pomona Franconica ; oder natiirliche Abbildung und Beschrei- 
bung der besten und vorziiglichsten Europaischen Gattungen der Obstbiiumen 
und Fruchte, von J. Mayer. 3 vols. 4to., Nurenberg, 1776 — 1801. 

Meager Eng. Gard. — The English Gardener; or a sure Guide to young planters and 
gardeners, in three parts, by Leonard Meager. 1 vol. 4to., London, 1670. 

Merlet Abrege. — Abrege des bons fruits, avec la maniere de les connoitre et de 
cultiver les arbres, par Jean Merlet. ed. 2, 1 vol. 12mo., Paris, 1675. 

Meyen Bdumsch. — Physicalisch-oeconomische Baumschule, &c, von J. J. Meyer. 
Stettin, 1795. 

Mid. Flor — The Midland Florist, by William Wood. 12mo., Nottingham, V. Y. 

Mill. Diet. — The Gardener's Dictionary, by Philip Miller, ed. 8, 1 vol. fol. London, 
1768. 

Miller Sf Sweet Cat. — A Catalogue of Fruit and Forest Trees, &c. Sold by Miller 
and Sweet, nurserymen, Bristol, 1790. 

Nicol Gard. Kal. — The Gardener's Kalendar ; or Monthly Directory of operations 
in every branch of Horticulture, by Walter Nicol. 1 vol. 8vo., Edinburgh, 
1810. 

Nicol Villa Gard. — The Villa Garden Directory ; or Monthly Index of work to 
be done in the town and villa gardens, by Walter Nicol. 1 vol. 8vo., 
Edinburgh, 1809. 

Nois. Jard. Fruit. — Le Jardin Fruitier, par Louis Noisette, ed. 1, 3 vols. 4to., Paris, 
1821. ed. 2, 2 vols. 8vo., Paris, 1839. 

Nourse Camp. Fel. — Campania Felix ; or a Discourse of the benefits, and improve- 
ments of Husbandry, by Tim. Nourse. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1700. 

Park. Par. — Paradisi in sole Paradisius Terrestris, &c, by John Parkinson. 1. vol. 
fol. London, 1629. 

Philips Cyder. — Cyder, a Poem in two books, by John Philips. 1 vol. 8vo., 
London, 1708. 

Plin. Hist. Nat. — C. Plinii Secundi, Historise Mundi Libri xxxvii, annotat. Jacobi 
Dalechampi. 1 vol. fol., Frankfurti ad Moenum, 1599. 

Poit. et. Turp. — Traite des Arbres Fruitiers de Duhamel, nouvelle edition augmentee, 
par Poiteau et Turpin. 5 vols. fol. Paris, 1808, et seq. 

Poit. Pom. Franc — Pomologie Francaise ; Receuil des plus beaux fruits cultive's en 

France, par Poiteau., 4to., Paris, 1838, et seq 
Pom. Here/.— Pomona Herefordienses ; or a descriptive account of the old Cyder 

and Perry fruits of Herefordshire, by Thomas Andrew Knight. 1 vol. 4to., 

London, 1809. 
Pom. Lond. — See Hook. Pom. Lond. 
Pom. Mag.— The Pomological Magazine ; or Figures and Descriptions of the most 

important varieties of Fruits cultivated in Great Britain. 3 vols. 8vo. 

London, 1827—1830. 
Porta: Villa— Villae Jo. Baptistae Portse, Neopolitani Libri xii. 1 vol. 4to, 

Frankfurti, 1592. 



LIST OF BOOKS. XV 

Quint. Inst. — Instructions pour les Arbres Fruitiers et Potageres, par M. de la 
Quintinye. 2 vols. 4to., Paris, 1695. 

Quint. Traite. — See Quint. Inst. 

Raii. Hist. — Historia Plantarum, Joannis Eaii. 3 vols, fol., Londini, 1686, 1693, 

and 1704. 
Rea Pom. — Flora, Ceres, et Pomona, by John Eea. 1 vol. fol. London, 1665. 

Riv. Cat. — Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by Thomas Eivers, nurseryman, 
Sawbridgeworth, Herts, V. Y. 

Riv. et Moul. Meth. — Methode pour bien cultiver les Arbres Fruits et pour elever 
des Treilles. par De La Eiviere & Du Moulin. 1 vol. 12mo., Utrecht, 1738. 

Rog. Fr. Cult. — The Fruit Cultivator, being a practical and accurate description of 
all the most esteemed species and varieties of Fruit, cultivated in the Gardens 
and Orchards of Britain, by John Eogers. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1837. 

Ron. Cat. — Catalogue of Fruit Trees cultivated by Hugh Eonalds and Sons, 
Brentford, Middlesex. 

Ron. Pyr Mai. — Pyrus Malus Brentfordiensis ; or a concise description of selected 
apples, with a figure of each sort, by Hugh Eonalds. 1 vol. 4to., London, 
1831. • 

Salisb. Orck. — Hints addressed to proprietors of Orchards and to growers of fruit 
in general, &c. &c, by William Salisbury. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1816. 

Saltz. Pom. — Pomologie oder Fruchtlehre enthaltend eine Anweisung alles in freier 
Luft unseres klimas Wachsende Obst, &c, zu erkennen, von F. Z. Saltzmann. 
1 vol. 8vo., Berlin, 1793. 

Schab. Prat. — La Pratique du Jardinage, par. L'Abbe Eoger Schabol. 2 vols. 8vo., 
Paris, 1774. 

Sickler Obstgdrt. — Der Teutsche Obstgartner, von J. B. Sickler. 22 vols. 8vo., 
Weimar, 1794 — 1804. 

Switz. Fr. Gard. — The Practical Fruit Gardener, by Stephen Switzer. 1 vol. 8vo.. 
London, 1724. 

Thomp. — Where this abbreviation is made use of, it refers to the authority of 
Mr. Eobert Thompson, author of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue of 
Fruits, and many valuable pomological and other scientific papers. 

Toll. Traite. — Traite des Vegetaux qui composent 1' Agriculture de l'empire Francaise 
par Tollard. 1 vol. 8vo., Paris, 1805. 

Tragus. Hist. — Hieronymi Tragi De Stirpium, &c. interprete Davide Kybro. 1 vol. 
4to., Argentorati, 1552. 

Walter Gartenb. — Allgemeine Deutsches Gartenbuch, von J. J. Walter. 1 vol. 8vo, 
Stuttgart, 1799. 

West. JBot. — The Universal Botanist and Nurseryman, containing descriptions of 
the species and varieties of all the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, Flowers, and Fruits, 
native and exotics, &c, by Eichard Weston. 4 vols. 8vo., London, 1770, 1774. 

Willich Dom. Encyc. — The Domestic Encyclopedia, by A. F. M. Willich. 5 vols. 
8vo., London. 

Worl. Vin. — Vinetum Britannicum, or a Treatise of Cyder, and such other Wines 
and Drinks, that are extracted from all manner of fruits growing in this 
Kingdom, by J. Worlidge. 1 vol. 8vo., London, 1676. 

Zink. Pom.— Dieser Pomologie, von J. C. Zink. 1 vol. fol., Niirnberg, 1766. 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, 

ETC. ETC f ETC f 



THE APPLE. 

There is no fruit, in temperate climates, so universally 
esteemed, and so extensively cultivated, nor is there any 
which is so closely identified with the social habits of 
the human species as the apple, Apart from the many 
domestic purposes to which it is applicable, the facility 
of its cultivation, and its adaptation to almost every lati* 
tude, have rendered it, in all ages, an object of special 
attention and regard. There is no part of our island 
where one or other of its numerous varieties is not cul- 
tivated, and few localities where the finest cannot be 
brought to perfection. 

The apple is a native of this, as well as almost every 
other country in Europe. Its normal form is the Com- 
mon Wild Crab, the Pyrus Malus of Linnaeus, and the 
numerous varieties with which our gardens and orchards 
abound, are the result either of the natural tendency of 
that tree to variation, or by its varieties being hybridized 
with the original species, or with each other. It belongs 
to the natural order Rosacea, section Pomeoe, and is, by 
botanists, included in the same genus as the pear. The 
principal difference between apples and pears, when con* 
sidered botanically, consists in their stamens and styles ; 
the stamens of the apple have their filaments straight, uni* 
ted together at the base, and forming a bundle round the 
styles, of which they conceal the inferior part. All the 
filaments of the pear on the contrary are divergent, dis- 
posed almost like the radii of a wheel, and leave the bases. 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



of the styles entirely naked and exposed. The styles in 
the apple are united at their base into one body, and are 
generally villous in that part where they adhere to each 
other : in the pear, however, they are separate at their 
base. But although the apple and pear very much resemble 
each other in their botanical characters, they differ very 
materially in their form, cellular tissue, and specific gravity. 
Apples have always the base umbellicate, or hollowed with 
a deep cavity, in which the stalk is inserted, and are 
generally spherical. The pear, on the other hand, is 
elongated towards the stalk, and is generally of a pyramidal 
shape, or nearly so. The cellular tissue of the apple, 
according to the microscopical observations of Turpin, is 
composed of a great number of agglomerated, distinct 
vesicles, each existing independent of the other, varying 
in size in the same fruit, and, in general, larger, as the 
apple is large and light. These vesicles are colorless and 
transparent, and vary in their form according to the want 
of space requisite for their individual development. They 
contain in greater or less abundance, a sugary, acid, or 
bitter juice, which is perceivable in the different varieties. 
The cellular tissue of the apple possesses no stony con- 
cretions, and its specific gravity is greater than that of the 
pear ; so much so, that by taking a cube of each, of equal 
size, and throwing them into a vessel of water, that of the 
apple will float, while that of the pear will sink. In its 
natural or wild state the apple tree is of a small size, attaining 
generally about twenty feet in height, of a crooked habit 
of growth, with small, harsh, and austere fruit, and small 
thin leaves. But when improved by cultivation, it loses 
much of its original form, assumes a more free and luxu- 
riant growth, with larger, thicker, and more downy leaves, 
and produces fruit distinguished for its size, color, and 
richness of flavor. 

Some authors have ascribed the introduction of the apple 
into this country to the Romans, and others to the Nor- 
mans ; in both cases, however, without any evidence or 
well grounded authority. Mr. Loudon says, " The apple 
was, in all probability, introduced into Britain by the 
Romans, as well as the pear; and like that fruit, perhaps, 
re-introduced by the heads of religious houses on their 



THE APPLE. 6 

establishment, after the introduction of Christianity." 8 It 
is more probable that it has existed as an indigenous tree 
throughout all ages, and that the most ancient varieties 
were accidental variations of the original species, with 
which the forests abounded. These being cultivated, and 
subjected to the art and industry of man, would give rise 
to other varieties, and thus a gradual amelioration of the 
fruit would be obtained. The earliest records make 
mention of the apple in the most familiar terms. That itwas 
known to the ancient Britons, before the arrival of the 
Romans is evident from their language. In Celtic, it is 
called Abhall, or Abhal ; in Welch, Avail; in Armoric, 
Afall and Avail ; in Cornish, Aval and Avel. The word is 
derived from the pure Celtic, ball, signifying any round 
body. b The ancient Glastonbury was called by the Britons 
Ynys Avallac, and Ynys Avallon, which signify an apple 
orchard, and from this its Roman name Avallonia was 
derived. The apple must therefore have been known 
in Britain before the arrival of the Romans ; and that it 
continued to exist after they left the island, and before the 
Norman conquest, is certified by William of Malmesbury, 
who says, that King Edgar in 973, while hunting in a wood 
was left alone by his associates ; in this situation he was 
overcome by an irresistable desire to sleep, and alighting 
from his horse he lay down under the shade of a ivild 
apple tree} Shortly after the Norman conquest, the same 
author writes with reference to Gloucestershire. " Cernas 
tramites publicos vestitos pomiferis arboribus, non insitiva 
manus industria, sed ipsius solius humi natura." Some 
writers 6 entertain the popular error that the cultivation of 
apples was not a branch of rural economy in England before 
Richard Harris planted orchards in several parts of Kent, 
in the reign of Henry the Eighth ; but there is evidence 
to the contrary. In a bull of Pope Alexander the Third, 
in the year 1175, confirming the property belonging to the 
monastery of Winchcombe, in Gloucestershire, is men- 
tioned, " The town of Twining with all the lands, orchards, 
meadows, &c. ; f and in a charter of King John, granting 
property to the priory of Lanthony, near Gloucester, is 

a Arb. Brit. vol. ii, p. 895. t> Armstrong's Gaelic Dictionary, c Owen's Dictionary 
of the Welch Language, d Lib. ii. cap. 8. e Duncumb's History of Herefordshire, 
toI. 1, p. 187. f Rudder's History of Gloucestershire, App. liii., No. xxxv. 

B 2 



4 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

mentioned " the church of Herdesley, with twelve acres of 
land , and an orchard."* But its cultivation was not confined 
to the southern counties, for we find there was an extensive 
manufacture of cider as far north as Richmond, in York- 
shire, in the early part of the thirteenth century. It would 
be too much to say that all the varieties cultivated at an 
early period, were indigenous to this country ; many no 
doubt, were introduced at the Norman conquest, and it is 
probable that in the middle ages some varieties were intro- 
duced from the continent, by members of the different 
religious houses which then existed, who not unfrequently 
had personal intercourse with France, and who devoted 
considerable attention to horticulture ; but there is every 
reason to believe that the earliest varieties were native 
productions. The oldest works which treat on the cul- 
tivation of fruits, afford little or no information as to 
these early varieties. In some ancient documents of the 
twelfth century, we find the Pearmain b and Costard men- 
tioned, but the horticultural works of the period are too 
much occupied with the fallacies and nonsense which 
distinguish those of the Roman agricultural writers, to 
convey to us any knowledge of the early pomology of this 
country. Turner in his Herbal, has no record of any of the 
varieties, and simply states, in reference to the apple, " I 
nede not to descrybe thys tre, because it is knowen well 
inoughe in all countres." Barnaby Googe mentions as, 
" Chiefe in price, the Pippin, the Romet, the Pomeroyall, 
the Marigold, with a great number of others that were too 
long to speake of." Leonarde Mascal gives instruction how 
" to graffe the Quyne Apple ; " but that is the only variety 
he mentions. In a note book in the possession of Sir John 
Trevelyan, of Nettlecombe, near Taunton, which was kept 
by one of his ancestors, from the year 1580 to 1584, is an 
entry of " The names of Apelles, which I had their graffes 
from Brentmarch, from one Mr. Pace — Item, the Appell out 
of Essex ; Lethercott, or Russet Apell ; Lounden Peppen ; 
Kew Goneling, or the Croke ; Glass Appell or Pearmeane ; 
Red Stear ; N ernes Appell, or Grenlinge ; Bellabone ; Ap- 
pell out of Dorsettsher; Domine quo Vadis." In " The 
Husbandman's Fruitful! Orchard," we have Pippins, Peare- 

a Rudder's History of Gloucestershire, App, xxvii., No. xix. b Blomefield's 
History of Norfolk, vol. xi., p. 242. 



THE APPLE. 



mains, John Apples, Winter Russetings, and Leather Coats. 
Gerard enumerates and figures " The Pome Water, the 
Baker's Ditch, the King of Apples, the Quining or Queene 
of Apples, the Sommer Pearemaine," and " the Winter 
Pearemaine ;" and he says, " I have seene in the pastures 
and hedgerowes about the grounds of a worshippfull gentle- 
man, dwelling two miles from Hereford, called M. Roger 
Bednome, so many trees of all sortes, that the seruants drinke 
for the most part no other drinke, but that which is made 
of Apples. The quantitie is such, that by the report of the 
gentleman himself e, the parson hath for tithe many hogs- 
heads of Syder." 

But it is to Parkinson we are indebted for the best 
account of the early English varieties, of which he enume- 
rates no less than fifty-nine, with " tweenty sorts of sweet- 
ings and none good ;" and from him may be dated the dawn 
of British Pomology. Hartlib mentions one who had 200 
sorts of apples, and was of opinion that 500 sorts existed. 
Bea, in his Pomona, enumerates twenty varieties, sixteen of 
which are not mentioned by Parkinson ; and Meager gives 
a list of eighty- three, which were cultivated in the Bromp- 
ton Park, and some other nurseries round London, of which 
fifty- one are not found in the lists of either Parkinson or 
Rea. Worlidge mentions ninety- two, which are chiefly 
cider fruits. The seventy-seven varieties of Ray are much 
the same as those enumerated by Worlidge. During the 
last century, the writings of Switzer, Langley, Hitt, Miller, 
and Abercrombie, added little to what have already been 
noticed, except that Switzer first mentions the Nonpareil; 
and it is to Forsyth that we are indebted for a more ex- 
tended knowledge of the different varieties, then known 
to exist in this country. With Thomas Andrew Knight, 
Esq., the first President of the London Horticultural 
Society, a new era in the history of pomology commenced, 
and during his lifetime there was more attention devoted 
to this study, than had been since the days of Evelyn and 
Be Quintinye. It was with this zealous horticulturist, 
that a practical application of the discovery of the sexes of 
plants, was first systematically carried into operation ; and 
the success which attended his labors in hybridization, is 
evinced by the many valuable varieties of fruits which he 



6 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

was the means of producing. Through the exertions of 
this gentleman, and his illustrious cotemporaries, Sabine, 
Williams, and Braddick, the gardens of the Horticultural 
Society, became a depository for all the varieties which 
could be gathered together from all parts of Europe and 
America, and the result has been, that in the last edition 
of the Society's Catalogue, Mr. Thompson has enume- 
rated upwards of 1400 varieties of the apple alone, the 
greater portion of which, however, are proved to be unworthy 
of cultivation for any purpose whatever. 

The apple is a very wholesome fruit. In its raw state 
it is highly esteemed in the dessert, and when either 
roasted, boiled, or in pies, it forms an excellent and nutri- 
tious food. Dr. Johnson says he knew a clergyman, of 
small income, who brought up a family very reputably, 
which he chiefly fed on apple dumplings ! Administered 
to invalids it is cooling, refreshing, and laxative. It is well 
known as furnishing an excellent sauce ; and apple jelly 
forms one of the finest preserves. Norfolk Beefings are that 
variety of apple baked in ovens, after the bread is drawn, and 
flattened to the form in which they are sold in the shops of 
the confectioners and fruiterers* In Normandy and Ame- 
rica, apples are to a considerable extent dried in the sun, in 
which state they may be preserved for a long period and used 
at pleasure, when they form an excellent dish stewed with 
sugar, cloves, and other spices. Those dried in America are 
cut into quarters, while those of Normandy are preserved 
whole. There is a drink with which our ancestors were wont 
to regale themselves called Lambs-wool, or more properly 
Lamasool, a word derived from La maes Abhal, which signi- 
fies the day of apple fruit. This drink was composed of ale 
and the pulp of roasted apples, with sugar and spice. It is 
mentioned by Gerard, and in an old song, called " The 
King and the Miller," we find it referred to 

" A cup of Lambs-wool they drank to him there.'* 

Besides these, and many other uses to which the apple is 
applied, its juice produces cider, which forms, in many parts 
of this country, in Normandy, and the United States, an in- 
dispensable beverage. The juice of the wild species, called 



THE APPLE. 7 

crab vinegar, or verjuice, when applied externally is good 
for strains, spasms, and cramps. 

The chemical composition of the apple is, chlorophylle, 
sugar, gum, vegetable fibre, albumen, malic acid, tannin 
and gallic acid, lime, and a great quantity of water. 

The apple may be grown on almost any description of 
soil, provided it is not absolutely wet. That on which it 
succeeds best is a humid sandy loam, or a well-drained 
strong clay, which if it possesses a calcareous, or gravelly 
subsoil, will be still more advantageous. It is not requisite 
that it should be of so great depth as for pears, as the 
apple, having no tap-root, does not penetrate so far into the 
soil. From eighteen inches to two feet will be found a 
good depth ; but where the soil is good, and the subsoil 
sufficiently humid without being literally wet, even a foot 
to eighteen inches will answer every purpose. 



CLASSIFICATION OF APPLES. 



A great desideratum in pomological science is, a system of classifica- 
tion for the apple, founded on characters which are at once permanent 
and well defined. The Germans have been most assiduous in endeavor- 
ing to attain this object, and many systems have been suggested, of which 
those of Manger, Sickler, Christ, and Diel, are most generally known. 
But it is to Diel that the greatest merit is due, for having produced a 
system, which, though far from perfect, is greatly in advance of any 
which had hitherto been produced ; and which has been universally 
adopted by all the German pomologists. In 1847, my friend Dochnahl, 
an eminent and assiduous pomologist, published a system, based upon 
that of Diel, of which it is a modification, and which possesses such ad- 
vantages over its type, as to be more easily reduced to practise. 

As the systems of Diel and Dochnahl, are certainly the best which 
have yet appeared, I have introduced them here, for the benefit of those 
who may want a groundwork on which to form an arrangement. 



* British pomology, etc* 

DIEL'S CLASSIFICATION. 

CLASS I. RIBBED APPLES. 

1. They are furnished with very prominent, but regular ribs round 
the eye, extending also over the fruit, but which do not render the shape 
irregular. — 2. Having wide, open, and very irregular cells. 

ORDER I. TRUE CALVILLES. 

1. They taper from about the middle of the fruit towards the eye. — 
2. They are covered with bloom when on the tree. — 3. They have, 
or acquire by keeping, an unctuous skin. — 4. They are not distinctly 
and purely striped. — 5. They have light, spongy, delicate flesh. — 
6. They have a strawberry or raspberry flavor. 

ORDER II, SCHLOTTERAPFEL. 

1. The skin does not feel unctuous. — 2. They are not covered with 
bloom. — 3. They are either of a flat, conical, cylindrical, or tapering 
form. — 4. They have not a balsamic, but mostly a sweetish or sourish 
flavor. — 5. They have a granulous> loose, and coarse-grained flesh. 

ORDER III. GULDERLINGE. 

1. They are not balsamic like Order L, but of an aromatic flavor. — ■ 
2. They have a fine flesh, almost like that of the Reinettes. — 3. They 
are either of a conical or flat shape. — 4. They are most prominently 
ribbed round the eye. 

CLASS II. ROSENAPFEL.— ROSE APPLES. 

1. They are covered with blue bloom when on the tree.- — 2. They 
have not unproportionally large, but often only regular cells. — 3. They 
emit a pleasant odor when briskly rubbed. — 4. The skin does not feel 
unctuous. — 5. They are handsomely and regularly ribbed round the eye, 
and often also over the fruit. — 6. They have a tender, loose, spongy, 
and mostly fine-grained flesh. — 7. They have a fine rose, fennel, or anise 
flavor. — 8. They are mostly of short duration, and are often only 
summer, or autumn apples. — 9. They are mostly striped like a tulip. 

ORDER I. FRUIT TAPERING OR OBLONG. 

ORDER II. FRUIT ROUND OR FLAT. 

CLASS III. RAMBOURS. 

1. They are all large apples, and comprise the largest sorts.— 
2. They have mostly, or almost always, two unequal halves, namely 
one side lower than the other. — 3. They are constantly furnished with 
ribs round the eye, which are broad, rising irregularly the one above 
the other, and extending over the fruit, so as to render it irregular in its 
shape ; they are also compressed and have one side higher than the 
other.— 4. They are constantly broader than high, and only sometimes 



THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION. 9 

elongated. — 5. They have all a loose, coarse-grained, and often very 
pleasant flesh. 

ORDER I. WITH WIDE CELLS. 

ORDER H. WITH NARROW CELLS. 

CLASS IV. REINETTES. 

1. They have a fine-grained, delicate, crisp, firm, or tender flesh. — 
2. They are mostly the ideal of a handsome shaped apple ; in them 
the convexity or bulge of the middle of the apple, towards the eye, is 
the same as that towards the stalk, or not much different. — 3. They 
are all grey dotted, or have russety patches, or completely covered with 
russet. — 4. They have only rarely an unctuous skin. — 5. They have 
all the rich, aromatic, sugary, and brisk flavor, which is called the 
Reinette flavor — 6. They decay very readily, and must, of all apples, 
hang longest on the tree. — 7. The really sweet, and at the same time 
aromatic apples, belong to the Reinettes> only as regards their shape, 
their russety character, and their fine or firm flesh. — 8. Apples with 
fine, firm, crisp flesh, which cannot of themselves form a separate 
class, — for instance, the Pippins also belong to this class. 

ORDER I. SELF COLORED REINETTES. 
1. Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the 
most beautiful golden yellow. — 2. Having no lively colors or marks of 
russet on the side next the sun ; except those that are very much 
exposed, and which assume a slight tinge of red. — 3. Having no 
covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes. 

ORDER II. RED REINETTES. 
Having all the properties of the self colored Reinettes, but of a pure 
red on the side next the sun, without any mixture of russet. 

ORDER HI. GREY REINETTES. 
1. Their ground color is green, changing to dingy dull yellow. — 
2. The coating of russet, or the russety patches spread over the 
greater part of the fruit are very conspicious. — 3. The side next the 
sun is often dull brownish, or ochreous red. 

ORDER IV. GOLDEN REINETTES. 

1. On the side next the sun they are washed, or striped with 
beautiful crimson. — 2. The ground color changes by keeping to 
beautiful deep yellow. — 3. Over the ground color, and the crimson of 
the exposed side, are spread light thin patches, or a complete coat of 
russet. 

CLASS V. STREIFLINGE.— STRIPED APPLES. 

1. They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of 
red. — 2. These stripes are found either over the whole fruit, [or only 
very indistinctly on the side exposed to the sun. — 3. The stripes may 
be distinct, that is to say, truly striped ; or between these stripes on the 
side next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red ; but 



10 BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

on the shaded side the stripes are well denned. — 4. The cells are 
regular. — 5. They are of a purely sweet, vinous, or acid flavor. — 
6. They have not the same flavor as the Rosenapfel. — 7. They do not 
decay except when gathered before maturity, or after the period when 
properly ripened. — -8. They form a large and somewhat considerable 
class among the culinary fruits. 

ORDER I. PLAT STREIFLINGE. 
1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from 
the stalk, and are broadly flattened. — -2. They are constantly half an 
inch broader than high. 

ORDER II. TAPERING STREIFLINGE. 
1. They are broader than high. — -2. They diminish from the 
middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical, 
or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half. 

ORDER HI. OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAL STREIFLINGE. 
1. The height and breadth are almost equal. — 2. They diminish 
gradually from the base to the apex. — 3. Or from the middle of the fruit, 
they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally. 

ORDER IV. ROUND STRETFLINGE. 
1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the 
same. — 2. The breadth does not differ from the height, except only 
about a quarter of an inch. — 3. Laid in the hand with the eye and 
stalk sideways, they have the appearance of a roundish shape. 

CLASS VI. TAPERING APPLES. 

1. They have the cells regular. — 2. They are not covered with 
bloom. — 3. They are not striped, and are either of an uniform color, or 
washed with red on the side next the sun. — 4. Constantly diminishing 
to a point towards the eye. — 5. They are sweet, or vinous, approaching 
a pure acid. — 6. They do not decay readily. 

ORDER L OBLONG, CYLINDRICAL, OR CONICAL. 
Characters the same as Order III. of the Streiflinge. 

ORDER II. TAPERING TO A POINT. 
Characters the same as Order II. of the Streiflinge. 

CLASS VII. FLAT APPLES. 

1. They are constantly broader than high. — 2. They are never 
striped. — 3. They are either of an uniform color, or on the side 
exposed to the sun more or less washed or shaded with red. — 4. They 
have regular cells. — 5. They are not unctuous when handled. — 6. They 
do not decay readily. — 7. Flavor purely sweet or purely sour. 

ORDER I. PURELY FLAT APPLES. 

1. The difference is obvious to the eye. — 2. The breadth is con- 
stantly half an inch more than the height. 



THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION. 11 

ORDER II. ROUND-SHAPED FLAT APPLES. 
1. The eye cannot easily detect a distinction between the breadth 
and height. — 2. The breadth rarely exceeds the height by a quarter of 
an inch. — 3. The fruit cut transversely, exhibits almost, or quite, two 
equal halves. 



DOCHNAHL'S CLASSIFICATION. 

SECTION I. 

PLEUROIDEA.—.4xVG ULAR OR RIBBED APPLES. 

Having sharp or flat ribs, which extend over the length of the fruit, 
and are most prominent round the eye, where they are most generally 
situated. 

CLASS I. MALA CYDONARIA.— QUINCE-SHAPED APPLES. 
ORDER I. CALYILLA,—CAL VILLES. 

1. They have large heart-shaped cells, open towards the axis, or 
often entirely torn ; the cells extend very often from the stalk, even to 
the tube of the calyx. — 2. They diminish from about the middle of the 
fruit, or a little above it towards the eye. — 3. They are regular, and 
provided generally with fine ribs, which do not disfigure the fruit. — 
4. On the tree the fruit is covered with bloom. — 5. They are never 
distinctly striped. — 6. Their flesh is soft, loose, fine, and light, of a 
balsamic flavor, similar to that of strawberries or raspberries. — 7. The 
eye is frequently closed. — 8. Many of them acquire by keeping, an 
oily or unctuous skin. 

GROUP I. FRUCTUS RUBRI— FRUIT RED. 

The fruit almost entirely covered with red. 

GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES.— FRUIT TWO-COLORED. 

Yellow, very much striped or washed with red. 

GROUP 3. FRUCTUS LUTEL— Fi? UIT YELLOW. 

Of a whitish, greenish, or golden yellow. 

ORDER II. PSEUDO-CALVILLA.— BASTARD CALVILLES. 

1. The cells are the same as the true Calvilles, very large and open. — 

2. The calycinal tube is wide and generally very short. — 3. They are 

slightly narrowed towards the eye, and flattened towards the stalk. — 

4. Their ribs are very prominent, especially round the eye. — 5. They 

are aromatic, and have not the balsamic flavor of the true Calvilles. — 

6. Their flesh is fine, opaque, a little succulent, and almost equal to 

the Reinettes. 

The Groups are the same as in the First Order, 



12 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

CLASS II. MALA PYR ARIA.— PEAR- SHAPED APPLES. 

Their flavor is neither balsamic nor aromatic ; they are purely sweet 
or acid, their flesh is granulous and loose. 

ORDER I. TREMARIA.— SEEDS LOOSE. 

1 . These are almost always large apples, the skin of which is neither 
unctuous nor covered with bloom. — 2. They are also furnished with 
ribs, but they are not so regular as in the Calvilles. — 3. The cells are 
very large, irregular, widened, and generally open. — 4. The calycinal 
tube is most generally widely conical, and does not extend to the 
cells. — 5. They are of a flattened, conical, cylindrical, or pointed 
shape. — 6. Their flesh is loose, more often a little coarse, and of a 
slight balsamic flavor. — 7. The leaves of these trees are very large, 
rather deeply dentated, and less downy than those of the Calvilles and 
Bastard Calvilles. 

GROUP I. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.— FRUIT SELF-COLORED. 

Green, greenish-yellow, or golden yellow, and lightly tinged with red. 

GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES.— T WO COLORED. 
Yellow or green, and distinctly striped or washed with red. 

ORDER II. KAMBURA.—RAMBURES. 
1. They are all very large. — 2. They have almost always the two 
halves unequal. — 3. They are constantly broader than high, and appear 
sometimes higher than they are. — 4. They are not furnished with ribs 
except round the eye ; these ribs are often irregular in numbers, and 
frequently form broad projections on the fruit. — 5. They do not decay, 
but shrivel when they are past maturity. — 6. The flesh is coarsely 
granulous, rarely aromatic, often, nevertheless, very agreeable. 

OROUP 1. CAPSULIS AMPLIS.— CELLS WIDE. 
GROUP 2. CAPSULIS ANGUSTIS.— CELLS NARROW. 

SECTION II. 

SPELEROIDEA.— SPHERICAL APPLES. 

They have sometimes prominences on the fruit and round the eye, 
but never true ribs. 

CLASS III. MALA MESPILARIA.— MEDLAR-SHAPED 

APPLES. 

Their flavor is sweet, aromatic, similar to that of the rose, fennel, 
or anise. 

ORDER 1. APIANA.— APIS OR ROSE APPLES. 
] . Their flesh is soft, loose, marrowy, very fine-grained and of a 
snow-white color. — 2. The cells are almost always regular and closed. 
— 3. They are regularly ribbed round the eye, and often also over the 
fruit, but sometimes not at all ribbed. — 4. Tiiey have a balsamic flavor, 
accompanied with a very agreeable odor. — 5. They emit a pleasant 



THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION. 13 

odor, especially when briskly rubbed. — 6. When they are on the tree, 
they are frequently covered with blue bloom, and striped like a tulip. — - 
7. The fruit is mostly small or middle sized. — 8. They are mostly 
of short duration, and lose their good flavor the same year. 

GROUP 1. FRUCTUS OBLONGL— OBLONG FRUIT. 
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS SPEM2RICL— ROUND OR FLATTENED FRUIT. 
ORDER II. REINETTA.— REINETTES. 
1. These are apples which have generally the most regular and 
handsome shape ; having the bulge in the middle, at the same distance 
from the eye as from the stalk. — 2. All are dotted, clouded, or entirely 
covered with russet. — 3. They are very rarely inclined to be unctuous, 
but generally rough when handled. — 4. They all decay very readily, 
(they must therefore be left as long as possible on the tree.) — 5. Their 
flesh is fine-grained, crisp, firm, or fine and delicate. — 6. They are all 
charged with only a balsamic, sugary acid, which is called Reinette 
flavored. 

GROUP 1. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.— SELF COLORED. 
1 . Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the most 
beautiful golden yellow. — 2. Having no lively colors nor marks of 
russet, on the side next the sun ; except those that are very much 
exposed, and are slightly tinged with red. — 3. Having no covering of 
russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes. 

GROUP 2. FRUCTUS RUBRL— FRUIT RED. 
Having all the properties of the self colored Reinettes ; but on the 
side next the sun, they are of a red color, with a mixture of russet. 

GROUP 3. FRUCTUS RAVI.— FRUIT RUSSETED. 

1. Their ground color is green, changing to dingy dull yellow. — 
2. The coatings of russet are very conspicious. — 3. The side next the 
sun is often dingy, brownish, or ochreous-red. — 4. They all decay very 
readily. 

GROUP 4. FRUCTUS AUREL— YELLOW OR GOLDEN FRUIT. 

GOLDEN REINETTES. 
1. On the side next the sun they are washed or striped with 
beautiful crimson. — 2. The ground color changes by keeping, to 
beautiful deep yellow. — 3. Over the crimson there is a light, thin trace,, 
or complete covering of russet. 

CLASS IV. MALA MALARIA.— PERFECT OB PURE 
APPLE SHAPED. 

They are of a perfectly sweet or vinous flavor, approaching to pure acid. 

ORDER I. STRIOLA.— STRIPED APPLES. 
1. They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of 
red. — 2. These are either over the whole fruit, or only indistinctly on 
the side exposed to the sun. — 3. The stripes may all be distinct, 



14 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

that is, clearly and finely striped ; or between these stripes on the side 
next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red ; but on 
the shaded side, the stripes are well defined. — 4. The cells are regular. 
— 5. The fruit does not decay, except when gathered before maturity, 
or after the period when it has been properly ripened. 

GROUP 1. FRUCTUS DEPRESSI. -FRUIT FLAT. 
1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from 
the stalk, and are broadly flattened. — 2. They are always half an inch 
broader than high. 

GROUP 2. ERUCTUS ACUMINATE— POINTED FRUIT. 
1. They are broader than high. — 2. They diminish ! from the 
middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical 
or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half. 

GROUP 3. ERUCTUS OBLONGL— FRUIT OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAL. 

1. The height and breadth are almost equal. — 2. They diminish 
gradually from the base to the apex. — 3. Or from the middle- of the 
fruit, they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally. 

GROUP 4. ERUCTUS SPH^ERICL— FRUIT ROUND. 
1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the 
same. — 2. The breadth does not differ from the height, except only about 
a quarter of an inch. — 3. When laid on their sides they present a 
spherical shape. 

ORDER II. CONTUBERNALIA-SmR/iVG OR HOUSEHOLD APPLES. 

1. Having the cells regular. — 2. They are not striped, and are 
either of an uniform color, or washed with red on the side next the 
sun. — 3. They do not decay readily. — 4. They are not unctuous when 
handled. — 5. They are never covered with bloom. 

GROUP 1. ERUCTUS ACUMIN ATI.— FRUIT TAPERING. 
Diminishing towards the eye. 

GROUP 2. ERUCTUS DEPRESSI.— FRUIT FLAT. 
They are constantly broader than high. 



Such is the classification of Dochnahl, and although it is not all that 
could be desired, it is certainly the best which has yet been published, and 
will serve as a good foundation on which to raise a more perfect work. 

I have not had an opportunity of applying either of these arrangements 
to the classification of our British apples, but for the purpose of affording 
a little assistance in identifying the different varieties described in this 
work, I have prepared the following, which, although I am aware is not 
what could be desired, will at least be sufficient for all general purposes. 
The period of duration, and the coloring of fruits, vary to a consider- 
able extent according to circumstances of soil, situation, and season ; 
but in the following arrangement, I have endeavored to embrace those 
characters which they are most generally found to possess. 



THE APPLE. TTS CLASSIFICATION. 



15 



I. SUMMER APPLES. 

Consisting of such as either ripen on the tree, or shortly after being 
gathered, and which generally do not last longer than the beginning of 
October. 



-BOUND, ROUNDISH, OE OBLATE. 



A. Pale Colored. 

Being either of an uniform pale color, 
or occasionally tinged with faint red. 

Calville Blanche d'Ete 

Dutch Codlin 

Early Harvest 

Early Julien 

Early Spice 

Joanneting 

Large Yellow Bough 

Madeleine 

Oslin 

Sack and Sugar 

Stirzaker's Early Square 

B. Striped. 

Being wholly or partially marked with 
stripes, either on a pale or colored 
ground. 

Borovitsky 



Duchess of Oldenburgh 
Nonesuch 
Ravelstone Pippin 
Whorle 



C. Bed. 



Having either a cloud of red on the 
side next the sun, or entirely covered 
with red. 

Calville Rouge d'Ete 

Calville Bouge de Micoud 

Cole 

Devonshire Quarrenden 

Irish Peach 

Maiden's Blush 

Passe Pomme d'Automne 

Passe Pomme Bouge 

Bed Astrachan 



-OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE. 



A. Pale Colored. 
Being either of an uniform pale color, 
or occasionally tinged with faint red. 

Carlisle Codlin 
Early Wax 
English Codlin 
Keswick Codlin 
Manks Codlin 
Springrove Codlin 
Sugar Loaf Pippin 
Summer Golden Pippin 
Teuchat's Egg 
White Astrachan 

B. Striped. 
Being wholly or partially marked 
with stripes, either on a pale or 
colored ground. 

American Summer Pearmain 



Creeper 
Kerry Pippin 
Longville's Kernel 
Margaret 
Pigeonnet 



C. Red. 



Having either a cloud of red on 
the side next the sun, or entirely 
covered with red. 



Dr. Helsham's Pippin 
Hollow Core 
King of the Pippins 
Sugar and Brandy 



II. AUTUMN APPLES. 

Including such as are in use from the time of gathering to Christmas. 



1G 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE, 



A. Pale Colored. 

Being either of an uniform pale 
color, or occasionally tinged with 
jaint red. 

American Fall 

Bland's Jubilee 

Breedon Pippin 

Bridgewater Pippin 

Broadend 

Broad Eyed Pippin 

Cobham 

Dowell's Pippin 

Downton Pippin 

Drap d'Or 

Early Nonpareil 

Elanders Pippin 

Eorest Stire 

Eranklin's Golden Pippin 

Gloria Mundi 

Golden Monday 

Golden Noble 

Gooseberry Apple 

Grange 

Harvey Apple 

Pawsan 

Small Stalk 

Stead's Kernel 

Waltham Abbey Seedling 

White Westling 

Winter Lading 

Yellow Elliot 

B. Striped. 

Being wholly or partially marked 
with stripes, either on a pale or 
colored ground. 

Bachelor's Glory 

Biggs's Nonesuch 

Cellini 

Chester Pearmain 

Creed's Marigold 

Elford Pippin 

Flushing Spitzenburgh 

Gravenstein 

Green Woodcock 

Hermann's Pippin 

Hoary Morning 

Hollandbury 



Kentish Fill Basket 

Kingston Black 

Longstart 

Monkton 

Nanny 

Rabine 

Rambour Franc 

Red-Streak 

Red Streaked Rawling 

Siberian Harvey 

Summer Strawberry 

Trumpington 

C. Red. 

Having either a cloud of red on the 
side next the sun, or entirely 
covered with red. 

Api Etoille 

Bere Court Pippin 

Borsdorffer 

Burn's Seedling 

Calville Rouge d'Automne 

Cherry Apple 

Contin Reinette 

Flower of Kent 

Forge 

Foxley 

Glory of the West 

Greenup's Pippin 

Hawthornden 

Isle of Wight Pippin 

Lady's Delight 

I)e Neige 

Red-Must 

Rymer 

Scarlet Crofton 

Scarlet Tiffing 

Scotch Bridget 

Siberian Bitter Sweet 

Summer Broadend 

D. Russet. 

Being entirely or to a great extent 
covered with russet. 

Brown Kenting 
Cornish Aromatic 
Ten Shillings 



■OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE. 



A . Pale Colored. 

Being either of an uniform pale color, 
or occasionally tinged with faint 
red. 

Brookes's 
Catshead 



Coccagee 

Costard 

Cray Pippin 

Green Tiffing 

Hargreave's Green Sweet 

Harvey's Wiltshire Defiance 

Isle worth Crab 



THE APPLE. 



•Its classification. 



17 



Kilkenny Pearmain 

Lucombe's Pine 

Marmalade 

Melrose 

Monkland Pippin 

Nelson Codlin 

Pitmaston Golden Wreath 

Proliferous Reinette 

Sheep's Nose 

Tarvey Codlin 

Toker's Incomparable 

Transparent Codlin 

White Wine 

Wormsley Pippin 

Yellow Ingestrie 

B. Striped . 
Being wholly or partially marked, 



with stripes, either 
colored ground. 

Augustus Pearmain 

Belle et Bonne 

Colonel Vaughan's 

Bennet Apple 

Best Bache 

Boughton 

Cowarne Red 

Duke of Beaufort's Pippin 

Duncan 

Emperor Alexander 

Fill Basket 

Garter 



pale 



Glory of England 
Golden Streak 
Golden Winter Pearmain 
Hagloe Crab 
Mere de Menage 
Moore's Seedling 
Queen of Sauce 
Summer Pearmain 
White Paradise 

C. Red. 

Having either a cloud of red on the 
side next the sun t or entirely co- 
vered with red. 

Fox Whelp 

Friar 

Ganges 

Grey Leadington 

Kentish Pippin 

Long Nose 

Pigeon 

Red Ingestrie 

Wickham's Pearmain 

Woodcock 

D. Russet. 

Being entirely, or to a great extent 
covered with russet. 

Bowyer's Russet 
Patch's Russet 
Pine Apple Russet 



III._WINTER APPLES. 

Including such as are in use during the whole of the Winter and 
Spring. 

§ ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE. 



A. Pale Colored. 

Being either of an uniform pale color, 
or occasionally tinged with fain t 
red. 

Alfriston 

Bedfordshire Foundling 
Belledge Pippin 
Birmingham Pippin 
Blenheim Pippin 
Bringewood Pippin 
Calville Blanche d'Hiver 
Cluster Golden Pippin 
Court of Wick 
Devonshire Buckland 
Dredge's Fair Maid of Wishford 
Dredge's Fame 
Essex Pippin 



Fair's Nonpareil 
Famagusta 
Fenouillet Jaune 
Gogar Pippin 
Golden Pippin 
Holland Pippin 
Hollow Crowned Pippin 
Hughes's Golden Pippin 
Minchall Crab 
Morris's Court of Wick 
Rambo 
Reinette Diel 
Reinette Franche 
Reinette Jaune Sucree 
Reinette Vert 
Rhode Island Greening 
Saint Julien 
Screveton Golden Pippin 



I 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



Siely's Mignonne 

Sleeping Beauty 

Spitzenberg 

Veiny Pippin 

Wyken Pippin 

Yellow Newtown Pippin 

B. Striped. 
Being wholly or -partially marhed 

with stripes, either on a pale or 

colored ground. 
Brabant Bellefleur 
Calville Rouge d'Hiver 
Caroline 
Christie's Pippin 
Dutch Mignonne 
Fulwood 
Golden Reinette 
Gros Faros 
Hall Door 

Hambledon Deux Ans 
Hoskreiger 
Keeping Red Streak 
Kirke's Lord Nelson 
Lincolnshire Holland Pippin 
Lucombe's Seedling 
Newtown Spitzenberg 
Ribston Pippin 
Round Winter Nonesuch 
Royal Reinette 
Scarlet Nonpareil 
Selwood's Reinette 
Shakespere 
Shepherd's Fame 
Somerset Lasting- 
Spice Apple 
Striped Beefing 
Striped Monstrous Reinette 
Taunton Golden Pippin 
Watson's Dumpling 
West Grinstead Pippin 
Yorkshire Greening 



C. Red. 

Having either a cloud of red on the 
side next the sun, or entirely co- 
vered with red. 

A pi 

Api Gros 

Api Noir 

Baddow Pippin 

Bank 

Belle Grisdeline 

Braddick's Nonpareil 

Brickley Seedling 

Calville Malingre 

Clara Pippin 

Coul Blush 

Court Pendu-Plat 

Dumelow's Seedling 

Fair Maid of Taunton 

Fearn's Pippin 

Harvey's Pippin 



Haute Bonte 

London Pippin 

Mela Carla 

Minier's Dumpling 

Newtown Pippin 

Nonpareil 

Norfolk Beefing 

Norfolk Paradise 

Northern Greening 

Osterley Pippin 

Padley's Pippin 

Pearson's Plate 

Petworth Nonpareil 

Pomewater 

Reinette de Breda 

Reinette Blanche d'Espagne 

Reinette de Canada 

Reinette Van Mons 

Rose de China 

Royal Shepherd 

Sir William Gibbons's 

Sops in Wine 

Squire's Greening 

Sturm er Pippin 

Surry Flat Cap 

Turk's Cap 

Wan stall 

Wheeler's Extreme 

White Virgin 

Winter Colman 

Winter Greening 

Winter Majetin 

D. Russet. 

Being entirely, or to a great extent, 
covered with russet. 

Acklam's Russet 
Aromatic Russet 
Ashmead's Kernel 
Boston Russet 
By son Wood Russet 
Fenomllet Gris 
Fenomllet Rouge 
Golden Harvey 
Horsham Russet 
Keeping Russet 
Knobbed Russet 
Morris's Russet 
New Rock Pippin 
Pennington's Seedling 
Pile's Russet 
Pitmaston Nonpareil 
Pomme Grise 
Powell's Russet 
Reinette Carpentin 
Reinette Grise 
Robinson's Pippin 
Ross Nonpareil 
Royal Russet 
Sam Young 
Sweeney Nonpareil 
Sykehouse Russet 
Wheeler's Russet 



THE APPLE. ITS CLASSIFICATION. 



19 



§ OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE. 



A. Pale Colored. 

Being either of an uniform pale color 
or occasionally tinged with faint 
red. 

Barton's Incomparable 
Beachamwell 
Bossom 
Cockle Pippin 
Coe's Golden Drop 
Colonel Harbord's Pippin 
Darling Pippin 
Hanwell Souring 
Hormead Pearmain 
Hunthouse 
Lemon Pippin 
Mitchelson's Seedling 
Norfolk Stone Pippin 
Nottingham Pippin 
Oxnead Pearmain 
Pitmaston Golden Pippin 
Pope's Apple 
Tower of Glammis 
Trumpeter 
Warner's King 
Winter Codlin 

B. Striped. 

Being wholly or partially marked 
with stripes, either on a pale or 
colored ground. 

Adams's Pearmain 
Baldwin 

Baxter's Pearmain 
Beauty of Kent 
Benwell's Pearmain 
Bess Pool 
Bristol Pearmain 
Claygate Pearmain 
Cornish Gilliflower 
Esopus Spitzenburgh 
Federal Pearmain 
Grange's Pearmain 
Lamb Abbey Pearmain 
Lewis's Incomparable 
Loan's Pearmain 
Margil 
Parry's Pearmain 



Royal Pearmain 
Scarlet Leadington 
Scarlet Pearmain 
Seek-no-Farther 
Winter Pearmain 
Winter Quoining 

C. Red. 

Having either a cloud of red on the 
side next the sun, or entirely co- 
vered with red. 

Barcelona Pearmain 

Farleigh Pippin 

Foulden Pearmain 

Hunt's Deux Ans 

Hutton Square 

Irish Reinette 

Lady's Finger 

Mannington's Pearmain 

New York Pippin 

Ord's Apple 

Petit Jean 

Pomeroy 

Ponto Pippin 

Russet Table Pearmain 

Tulip 

Vale Mascal Pearmain 

Violette 

Wadhurst Pippin 

Whitmore Pippin 

Woolman's Long 

D. Russet. 

Being entirely, or to a great extent, 
covered with russet. 

Betsey 

Forman's Crew 
Golden Knob 
Golden Pearmain 
Golden Russet 
Hubbard's Pearmain 
Hunt's Duke of Gloucester 
Martin Nonpareil 
Morris's Nonpareil Russet 
Pinner Seedling 
Rosemary Russet 
Rushock Pearmain 
Uellner's Gold Reinette 



c 2 



20 BRITISH rOMOLOGY, ETC. 

THE APPLE.— ITS VARIETIES. 



1. ACKLAM'S RUSSET.— Fors. 

Identification.— Fors. Treat. 92. Lind. Guide, 85. Hort. Soe. Cat. ed. 3, n. 733. 
Synonyme. — Aclcmy Russet, Gibs. Fr. Gard. 359. 

Fruit, below the medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and two 
inches high ; round and somewhat flattened. Skin, pale yellow tinged 
with green, and covered with thin grey russet, particularly on the side 
exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a smooth, round, and 
shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, 
white with a greenish tinge, firm, crisp, juicy, and highly flavoured. 

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in November, 
and will keep under favourable circumstances till March. 

The tree is very hardy, and an excellent bearer. It succeeds best in 
a dry soil, and is well adapted for espalier training. 

This variety is supposed to have originated at the village of Acklam, 
in Yorkshire. 

2. ADAMS'S PEARMAIN.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. Guide, 60. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 529. 
Synonyme. — Norfolk Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 685. 
Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 133. 

Fruit, large, varying from two inches and a half to three inches high 

and about the 
same in breadth at 
the widest part ; 
pearmain - shaped, 
very even, and 
regularly formed. 
Skin, pale yellow 
tinged with green, 
and covered with 
delicate russet on 
the shaded side ; 
but deep yellow 
tinged with red, 
and delicately 
streaked with live- 
lier red on the side 
next the sun. Eye, 
small and open, 
with acute erect 
segments, set in 
a narrow, round, 
and plaited basin. 
Stalk, varying from 
half an inch to an 
inch long, oblique- 
ly inserted in a 
shallow cavity, and generally with a fleshy protuberance on one side of 




THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 21 

it. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, with an agreeable 
and pleasantly perfumed flavor. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to Feb- 
ruary. It is a large and very handsome variety, and worthy of general 
cultivation. 

The tree is a free and healthy grower, producing long slender shoots, 
by which, and its cucullated ovate leaves, it is easily distinguished. It 
is an excellent bearer even in a young state, particularly on the paradise 
or doucin stock, and succeeds well as an espalier. 

3. ALFRISTON.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 8. Lind. Guide, 26. Down. Fr. 

Amer. 97. 
Synonymes. — Lord Gwydyr's Newtown Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Old- 

aker's New, Ibid. Shepherd's Pippin, in Sussex. Shepherd's Seedling, Ibid. 
Figure. — Kon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxv. f. 1. 




Fruit, of the largest size, generally about three inches and a half wide, 
and from two and three quarters to three inches high ; roundish, and 
angular on the sides. Skin, greenish yellow on the shaded side, and 
tinged with orange next the sun, covered all over with veins, or reticu- 
lations of russet. Eye, open, set in a deep and uneven basin. Stalk, 
short, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, crisp, juicy, 
sugary, and briskly flavoured. 

This is one of the largest and best culinary apples. It comes into use 
in the beginning of November and continues till April. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, very hardy, and an abund- 
ant bearer. 



22 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



This variety is supposed to have been raised by a person of the name 
of Shepherd, at Uckfield, in Sussex, and has for many years been exten- 
sively cultivated in that county, under the names of Shepherd's Seedling, 
and Shepherd's Pippin, two names by which it is there most generally 
known. Some years ago a Mr. Brooker, of Alfriston, near Hailsham, 
in Sussex, sent specimens of the fruit to the London Horticultural 
Society, by whom, being unknown, it was called the Alfriston, a name 
by which it is now generally known, except in its native county. By 
some it is erroneously called the Baltimore and Newtown Pippin. 

4. AMERICAN FALL PIPPIN.— H. 

Stnonyme. — Fall Pippin, Cosce. View, 109, Down. Fr. Amer. 84. 




Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and 
three quarters high ; roundish, ribbed on the sides, and almost the same 
width at the apex as the base. Skin, yellow tinged with green, and 
strewed with brown dots on the shaded side ; but with a tinge of brown, 
and numerous embedded pearly specks on the side next the sun. Eye, 
large and open, with broad, flat segments, set in a wide, deep, and 
rather angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in 
a rather shallow cavity, which is slightly marked with russet. Flesh, yel- 
lowish, slightly tinged with green at the margin, tender, juicy, sugary, 
slightly perfumed, and pleasantly flavoured. 

Unlike the majority of American Apples, this comes to great perfec- 
tion in this country, and is a valuable and first-rate culinary apple. It 
is ripe in October and will last till Christmas. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 23 

This is the true Fall Pippin of the American orchards, and a 
very different variety from the Fall Pippin of this country, which is 
known by the names of Cobbett's Fall Pippin, and Reinette Blanche 
d'Espagne. 

5. AMERICAN SUMMER PEARMAIN.— Ken. 

Identification. — Ken. Amer. Or. 1. Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Down. Fr. Araer. 70. 
Synonyme. — Early Summer Pearmain, Coxe. View, 104. 

Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, 
yellow, covered with patches and streaks of light red, on the shaded 
side ; and streaked with fine bright red, interspersed with markings of 
yellow on the side next the sun. Eye, set in a wide and deep basin. 
Stalk, slender, inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, yellow, very 
tender, rich, and pleasantly flavored. 

An excellent early apple, either for dessert or kitchen use. It is ripe 
in the end of August, and will keep till the end of September. 

The tree is a healthy grower, a prolific bearer, and succeeds well on 
light soils. 

6. API.— Duh. 

Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fr. I. 309. Quint. Traits, 1, 202. 

Synonymes. — Lady Apple, Coxe. View, 117. Down. Fr. Amer. 115. Pomme 
d'Apict, Inst. Arb. Fr. 154. Pomme Appease, Worl. Vin. 165. L'Api, Bret. 
Ecole. II. 478. Pomme d'Apis, Knoop. Porn. 68, t. xii. Api Rouge, Poit. Pom. 
Frang. t. 113. Pomme d'Api, Fors. Treat. 121. Petit Api Rouge, Nois. Jard. 
Fr. ed. 2, pi. 105. Api Petit, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 11. Pomme Rose, Ace. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. erroneously. Pomme Dieu and Long Bois, in some provinces of 
France. Kleine Api Apfel, Christ. Handb. ed. 2, n. 145. Der Jungfernapfel, 
Christ Handworter, 17. Der Einfache, der Welsche Api, Ibid. Bollen oder 
Traubenapfel, Ibid. Api Roesje, Ibid. Appius Claudius, Evelyn. Fr. Gard. 124. 
Malus Apiosa, Hort. Par. 

Figures. — Duh. Arb. Fr. I. pi. ix. Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. lxxxvii. f. 1. Jard. 
fruit, ed. 2, pi. 105. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 1. 

Fruit, small ; oblate. Skin, thick, smooth, and shining, yellowish green 

in the shade, changing to pale yel- 
low as it attains maturity ; and deep 
glossy red, approaching to crimson, 
on the side next the sun. Eye, small, 
set in a rather deep and plaited 
basin. Stalk, short, and deeply in- 
serted. Flesh, white, crisp, tender, 
sweet, very juicy, and slightly per- 
fumed. 

A beautiful little dessert apple 
in use from October to April. 
It should be eaten with the skin on, as it is there that the perfume, 
is contained. The skin is very sensitive of shade, and any device may 
be formed upon it, by causing pieces of paper, in the form of the design 
required, to adhere on the side exposed to the sun, before it has attained 
its deep red color. 




24 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

The tree is of a pyramidal habit of growth, healthy, and an abundant 
bearer. It succeeds well in almost any situation, provided the soil is rich, 
loamy, and not too light or dry ; and may be grown with equal success 
either on the doucin, or crab stock. When worked on the French para- 
dise it is well adapted for pot culture. The fruit is firmly attached to 
the spurs and forcibly resists the effects of high winds. 

It has been asserted, that this apple was brought from Peloponessus to 
Rome, by Appius Claudius. Whether this be true or not, there can be 
no doubt it is of great antiquity, as all the oldest authors regard it as the 
production of an age prior to their own. Dalechamp and Harduin are 
of opinion that it is the Petisia of Pliny ; but J. Baptista Porta considers 
it to be the Appiana of that author, who thus describes it, " Odor est 
his cotoneorum magnitudo quae Claudianis, color rubens." a From this 
description it is evident that two varieties are referred to, the Appiana 
and Claudiana. Such being the case, J. Baptista Porta says, " duo sunt 
apud nos mala,.magnitudine, et colore paria, et preciosa, quorum unum 
odorem servat cotoneorum, alterum minime. Quod odore caret, vulgo 
dictum Melo rosa. Id roseo colore perfusum est, mira teneritudine et 
sapore, minime fugax, pomum magnitudine media, ut facile cum ceteris 
de principatu certet, nee indignum Claudii nomine. Hoc Claudianum 
dicerem." b This Melo Rosa may possibly be the Pomme Rose or Gros 
Api ; and if so, we may infer that the Api is the Appiana, and the Gros 
Api the Claudiana of Pliny. This, however, may be mere conjecture, 
but as the authority referred to, was a native of Naples, and may be sup- 
posed to know something of the traditionary associations of the Roman 
fruits, I have deemed it advisable to record his opinion on the subject. 
According to Merlet, the Api was first discovered as a wilding in the 
Forest of Api, in Brittany. 

Although mentioned by most of the early continental writers, the Api 
does not appear to have been known in this country, till towards the end 
of the 17th century. It is first mentioned by Worlidge, who calls it 
" Pomme Appease, a curious apple, lately propagated ; the fruit is small 
and pleasant, which the Madams of France carry in their pockets, by 
reason they yield no unpleasant scent." Lister, in his " Journey to 
Paris, 1698," speaking of this as being one of the apples served up in 
the dessert, says, " Also the Pome d'Apis, which is served here more 
for show than for use ; being a small flat apple, very beautiful, and very 
red on one side, and pale or white on the other, and may serve the 
ladies at their toilets as a pattern to paint by." De Quintinye calls it 
" Une Pomme des Damoiselles et de bonne compagnie." 

Under the name of Lady Apple, large quantities of the Api are annu- 
ally imported to this country from the United States, where it is grown 
to a great extent, and produces a considerable return to the growers, as 
it always commands the highest price of any other fancy apple in the 
market. In the winter months, they may be seen encircled with various 
coloured tissue papers, adorning the windows of the fruiterers in Covent 
Garden Market. 

There are other varieties mentioned by J. B. Porta as belonging to the 
Api family ; one which ripened in August, in size like the Claudiana 

a Plinii Hist. Nat. Lib. xv., cap. 14. ll Villa), p. 278. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 25 

already mentioned, and commonly called Melo Appio Rosso, because it 
retained the scent of the Api ; this is probably the Rother Sommer-api 
of Diel. There is another, of which he says, " Assererem tuto esse Mela- 
pium Plinii," and which was held in such estimation as to give rise to the 
proverb — 

" Omme malum malum prater appium malum." 



7. API GROS.— Duh. 

Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fr. 1, 312. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 

Synonymes. — Pomme Rose, Quint Traite, I. 203, but not of Knoop. Pomme 
d'Api Gros. Bon. Pyr. Mai. 39. Passe-rose, Chart. Cat. 55. Grosser Api, 
Rosenapi, Diel Kernobst. iv., 228. Api Rose. Doppelter Api, Ace. Christ Hand- 
worter. Rubenapfel, Ibid. Api Grand, Ibid. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mal.pl. xx. f. 1. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches high ; oblate. Skin, pale green, changing as it ripens to pale yel- 
low on the shaded side, and pale red, mottled with green, where exposed 
to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow and plaited basin. 
Stalk, short, inserted in a wide, rather deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, 
greenish, tender, crisp, very juicy, and briskly flavored. 

Suitable either for the dessert, or for culinary purposes ; it is inferior 
to the Api and not a first-rate apple. In use from December to March. 
The tree has much similarity to the Api in its growth, and is a good 
bearer. 

This is a variety of the preceding, and closely resembles it in all its 
parts, except that it is much larger. " La Pomme Rose resemble extre- 
mement partout son exterieur a la Pomme d'Apis, mais a mon gout elle 
ne la vaut pas quoy que puissent dire les curieux du Rhone, qui la veu- 
lent autant elever aussi au dessus des autres, qu'ils elevent la Poire Chat 
au dessus des autres Poires." — De Quintinye. 



8. API ETOILLE.— Diel. 

Identification. — Diel. Kernobst. B. iv. 31. 

Synonymes. — Pomme Etoillee, Duh. Arb. Fr. I. 312. Pomme d'Etoille, Ibid. 
Gelber Sternformiger Api, Diel Kernobst. B. iv. 31. Sternapfel, Christ Hand- 
worter, 106. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 797. 

This is a variety of the Api, from which it is distinguished by being very 
much flattened, and furnished with five very prominent angles on the 
sides, which give it the appearance of a star, hence its name. It is of a 
deep yellow on the shaded side, and redish orange next the sun. It is 
a well-flavored apple, but only of second-rate quality. It ripens about 
the middle or end of September. 

The variety received under this name by the London Horticultural 
Society must have been incorrect, as in the last edition of their catalogue 
it is made synonymous with Api Petit. 



26 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

9. API NOIR.— Dull. 

Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fr. I. 311. Hort. Soc. Cat. eri. 3. 
Synonyme. — Schwarzer Api, Diet Kernobst. ix. 214. 
Figure. — Poit et. Turp. pi. 137. 

Fruit, small, but a little larger and somewhat flatter than the Api, to 
which it bears a close resemblance. Skin, tender, smooth, and shining 
as if varnished, and almost entirely covered, where exposed to the sun, 
with very dark crimson, almost approaching to black, like the Pomme 
Violette, but becoming paler towards the shaded side, where there is 
generally a patch of light yellow ; it is strewed with fawn-colored dots, 
and some markings of russet. Eye, very small, set in a pretty deep and 
plaited basin. Stalk, slender, about three quarters of an inch long, 
inserted in a rather deep, wide, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is 
slightly marked with russet. Flesh, pure white, firm and juicy, tinged 
with red under the skin, and with a pleasant, vinous, and slightly per- 
fumed flavor. 

A dessert apple, inferior to the Api, and cultivated merely for curi- 
osity. It is in use from November to April, but is very apt to become 
meally. 

The habit of the tree is similar to that of the Api, but it is rather a 
larger grower. 

10. AROMATIC RUSSET.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. Guide, 86. Rog. Fr. Cult. 105, 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. viii. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and about two inches 
and a quarter high ; roundish-ovate, and flattened at both ends. Skin, 
greenish yellow, almost entirely covered with brownish grey russet, 
strewed with brownish scales on the shaded side, and slightly tinged 
with brownish red, strewed with silvery scales on the side exposed to 
the sun. Eye, small and open, with broad recurved segments, and set 
in a rather shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and round 
cavity. Flesh, greenish yellow, firm, crisp, brisk, sugary, and richly 
aromatic. 

A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from December to February. 

The tree is very hardy and an abundant bearer. 

11. ASHMEAD'S KERNEL.— Lind. 

Identification.— Lind. Guide, 86. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 63, but not of Hort. Soc. 

Cat. ed. 2. 
Synonyme. — Dr. Ashmead's Kernel, in Gloucestershire. 
Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 5. 

Fruit, below medium size; round and flattened, but sometimes consider- 
ably elongated ; the general character, however, is shown in the accom- 
panying figure. Skin, light greenish yellow, covered with yellowish brown 
russet, and a tinge of brown next the sun. Eye, small and partially open, 
placed in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round and 



THE APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 27 

deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, rich, and highly 
aromatic. 

A dessert apple of the very first quality, possessing all the richness of 
the Nonpareil, bat with a more sugary juice. It comes into use in No- 
vember, but is in greatest perfection from Christmas till May. 

The tree is very hardy, an excellent bearer, and will succeed in situa- 
tions unfavorable to the Nonpareil, to which its leaves and shoots bear 
such a similarity, as to justify Mr. Lindleyin believing it to be a seedling 
from that variety. 

This delightful apple was raised at Gloucester, about the beginning of 

last century, by Dr. Ash- 
mead, an eminent physician 
of that city. The original 
tree existed within the last 
few years, in what had origi- 
nally been Dr. Ashmead's 
garden, but was destroyed in 
consequence of the ground 
being required for building. 
It stood on the spot now oc- 
cupied by Clarence Street. 
It is difficult to ascertain 
the exact period when it was 
raised ; but the late Mr. 
Hignell, an eminent or- 
chardist at Tewkesbury, in Gloucestershire, informed me, that the first 
time he ever saw the fruit of Ashmead's Kernel, was from a tree in the 
nursery of Mr. Wheeler, of Gloucester, in the year 1796, and that the 
tree in question had been worked from the original, and was at that 
time upwards of thirty years old. From this it may be inferred that the 
original tree had attained some celebrity by the middle of last century. 
The Ashmead's Kernel has long been a favorite apple in all the gardens 
of West Gloucestershire, but it does not seem to have been known in 
other parts of the country. Like the Ribston Pippin it seems to have 
remained long in obscurity, before its value was generally appreciated ; 
it is not even enumerated in the catalogue of the extensive collection 
which was cultivated by Miller and Sweet, of Bristol, in 1790. I find it 
was cultivated in the Brompton Park Nursery, in 1780, at which time it 
was received from Mr. Wheeler, nurseryman, of Gloucester, who was author 
of " The Botanist's and Gardener's Dictionary," published in 1763, and 
grandfather of Mr. J. Cheslin Wheeler, the present proprietor of the 
nursery, to whom I am indebted for specimens of the fruit, and much 
valuable information connected with the varieties cultivated in that 
district. 

12. AUGUSTUS PEARMAIN— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. p. 30. 

Fruit, below medium size ; pearmain-shaped> regular and handsome. 
Skin, thick and membranous, yellow in the shade, and marked with a few 




28 



1ULIT1SH TOMOLOGY, ETC, 



broken stripes of red ; but red, streaked all over with deeper red on the 

side next the sun ; it is 
dotted with grey dots, and 
sometimes marked with 
patches of grey - colored 
russet, which is strewed 
with scales of a darker 
color. Eye, small and 
closed, with long segments, 
set in a narrow and even 
basin. Stalk, very short, 
not protruding beyond the 
base, and having the appear- 
ance of a knob obliquely at- 
tached. Flesh, tender, juicy, 
brisk, and vinous, with a 
pleasant aromatic flavor. 

A dessert apple, gene- 
rally of only second-rate 
quality; but in some sea- 
sons it is of a rich flavor 

and of first-rate quality. 

It is in use from November to Christmas. 




13. BACHELOR'S GLORY.— H. 

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two and three quarters high ; 
roundish and irregularly ribbed, generally higher on one side of the eye 
than the other. Skin, smooth and shining, striped with deep golden 
yellow, and crimson stripes. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and 
set in a plaited, irregular, and angular basin. Stalk, about half an 
inch long, deeply inserted in a funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined 
with rough scaly russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, juicy, and pleasantly 
flavored. 

A second-rate fruit, suitable either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; 
in use from October to November. 

This is a variety grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster, where it 
is much esteemed, but in the southern districts, where the more choice 
varieties can be brought to perfection, it can only rank as a second- 
rate fruit. 



14. 



-H. 



BADDOW PIPPIN.- 

Synontmb. — Spring Ribston, Riv. Cat. 1848. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish or rather oblate, with prominent ribs 
on the sides, which terminate in four, and sometimes five considerable 
ridges at the crown, very much in the character of the London Pippin. 
It is sometimes of an ovate shape, caused by the stalk being prominent 
instead of depressed, in which case the ribs on the sides, and ridges 
round the eye, are less apparent. Skin, deep lively green, changing as 
it ripens to yellowish green, on the shaded side ; but covered on the 




THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 29 

side next the sun with dull red, which changes to orange where it blends 

with the yellow ground ; 
the whole considerably 
marked with thin brown 
russet, and russety dots. 
Eye, rather large and open, 
with short segments, and 
set in an angular basin. 
Stalk, very short, not more 
than a quarter of an inch 
long, and inserted in a shal- 
low cavity. Flesh, green- 
ish white, firm, crisp, juicy, 
sugary, and with a particu- 
larly rich and vinous flavor, 
partaking somewhat of the 
Nonpareil and Ribston, but particularly the latter. 

This is a first-rate dessert apple, in use in November, and possessing 
the desirable property of keeping till April or May. 

This variety originated in the garden of Mr. John Harris, of Broom- 
field, near Chelmsford, and was first introduced to public notice in the 
autumn of 1848. 

15. BALDWIN.— Ken. 

Identification. — Ken. Amer. Or. 41. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 22. Down. Fr. 
Amer. 98. 

Synonymes. — Ked Baldwin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2. Butter's, Ibid. Wood- 
pecker, Ibid. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and about three inches high ; 
ovato-conical. Skin, smooth, yellow on the shaded side ; and on the 
side next the sun, deep orange, covered with stripes of bright red, 
which sometimes extend over the whole surface to the shaded side, 
and marked with large russety dots. Eye, closed, set in a deep, nar- 
row, and plaited basin. Stalk, about an inch long, slender, and inserted 
in a deep cavity, from which issue ramifying patches of russet. Flesh, 
yellowish, crisp, juicy, and pleasantly acid, with a rich and agreeable 
flavor. 

A culinary apple, in season from November to March. The tree is 
vigorous, and an abundant bearer ; but like the generality of the Ameri- 
can sorts, it does not attain the size, or flavor in this country, which it 
does in its native soil. 

This is considered one of the finest apples in the Northern States of 
America, and is extensively grown in Massachussets, for the supply of the 
Boston Market. 

16. BANK APPLE.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and about 
two inches and a half high ; roundish-ovate, regularly and handsomely 
formed. Skin, greenish yellow, with a blush and faint streaks of red 
next the sun, dotted all over with minute dots, and marked with several 



30 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



large spots of rough russet ; the base is covered with a coating of russet, 
strewed with silvery scales. Eye, large and open, set in a shallow and 
plaited basin. Stalk, half an inch long, obliquely inserted by the side of 
a fleshy prominence. Flesh, firm, crisp, brisk, juicy, and pleasantly acid, 
resembling the Winter Greening in flavor. 

It is an excellent culinary apple, in use from November to February ; 
but as it has nothing to recommend it, in preference to other varieties 
already in cultivation, it need only be grown in large collections. 

The original tree was produced from a pip, accidentally sown in the 
home nursery of Messrs. Ronalds, of Brentford, and from growing on a 
bank by the side of a ditch, it was called the Bank Apple. 

17. BARCELONA PEARMAIN.— Hort. 



Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 532. Lind. Guide, 62. Rog. Fr. 
Cult 74. 

Synonymes. — Speckled Golden Reinette, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 933. Speckled 
Pearmain, Ibid. ed. 2. Polinia Pearmain, Ace. Rog. Fr. Cult. Reinette Rousse, 
Duh. Arb. Fr. I. 302. Reinette des Carmes, Ace. Chart. Cat. 51. Glace Rouge, 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. l,n. 365. Kleine Casseler Reinette, Diel Kernobst. I. 182. 
Cassel Reinette, Christ. Handb. No. 58. 

Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 85, Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxi., f. 4. 

Fruit, of medium size ; oval. Skin, clear pale yellow, mottled with 

red in the shade ; but 
dark red next the sun, 
the whole covered with 
numerous star-like rus- 
sety specks, those on 
the shaded side being 
brownish, and those 
next the sun yellow. 
Eye, small and open, 
with erect acuminate 
segments, and set in a 
round, even, and pretty 
deep basin. Stalk, about 
an inch long, slender, 
inserted in a rather 
shallow cavity, which 
is lined with russet. 
Flesh, yellowish white, 
firm, crisp, very juicy, 
and with a rich, vinous, 
and highly aromatic 
flavor. 

One of the best des- 
sert apples, and equally 

valuable for culinary purposes. It comes to perfection about the end of 

November, and continues in use till March. 

The tree is a free grower, but does not attain the largest size. It is 




THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 31 

very hardy, an abundant bearer, and succeeds well either as a standard 
or an espalier. 

In the third edition of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue, this is 
said to be the same as Reinette Rouge. I do not think that it is the 
Reinette Rouge of the French, which Duhamel describes as being white, 
or clear yellow in the shade, having often prominent ribs round the 
eye, which extend down the sides, so as to render the shape angular ; a 
character at variance with that of the Barcelona Pearmain. But I have 
no doubt of it being the Reinette Rousse of the same author, which is 
described at page 302, vol. 1, as a va 'iety of Reinette Franche, and 
which he says is of an elongated shape, skin marked with a great 
number of russety spots, the most part of which are of a longish figure, 
so much so, when it is ripe, it appears as if variegated with yellow and 
red ; a character in every way applicable to the Barcelona Pearmain. 

18. BARTON'S INCOMPARABLE.— Hort. 
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 352 ? 

Fruit, below medium size ; in shape somewhat like a Golden Knob, 

ovate or conical, with pro- 
minent ribs on the sides, 
which terminate in five 
ridges round the eye. Skin, 
yellowish green, covered 
with patches of pale brown 
russet, thickly strewed with 
large russety freckles, like 
the Barcelona Pearmain, 
and tinged with orange 
next the sun. Eye, small, 
partially open, with reflexed 
segments, set in a narrow 
and angular basin. Stalk, 
nearly three quarters of an 
inch long, inserted in a 
narrow and round cavity. 
Flesh, yellowish white, ten- 
der, crisp, brittle, very juicy, 
and when eaten is quite a 
mouthful of lively vinous juice. 

A dessert apple of the highest excellence, in use from October to 
February. 

The tree is a good and healthy grower, attains a considerable size, 
and is an excellent bearer. 

This variety seems to be but little known, and considering its excel- 
lence rarely cultivated. I am not aware that it exists in any of the 
nurseries, or that it was at any period extensively propagated. The 
only place where I ever met with it was, in the private garden of the 
late Mr. Lee, of Hammersmith, whence I procured grafts from a tree in 
the last stage of decay. 




32 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC 

19. BAXTER'S PEARMAIN.— Lind. 

Identification.— G. Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv., p. 67. Lind. Guide, 62. Hoik 
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 533. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches high ; 
roundish-ovate, and slightly angular. Skin, pale green, but tinged with 
red, and marked with a few indistinct streaks of darker red, on the side 
exposed to the sun. Eye, open, with long spreading segments, and 
placed in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short and thick, not deeply 
inserted. Flesh, yellowish, firm, brisk, and sugary, and with an abund- 
ance of pleasantly acid juice. 

An excellent apple, suitable either for culinary purposes, or the dessert ; 
in use from November to March. 

The tree is hardy, vigorous, a most abundant bearer, and even in sea- 
sons when other varieties fail, this is almost safe to ensure a plentiful 
crop. It is extensively cultivated in Norfolk, and deserves to be more 
generally known in other districts of the country. 

20. BEACHAMWELL.— Hort. 

Identification — Lind. Guide, 35. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3, n. 13. 
Synonymes. — Beachamwell Seedling, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 42. Motteux's Seed- 
ling, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 82. Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxvii. f. 6. 

Fruit, small, about two inches wide, and the same in height ; ovate, 
handsomely and regularly formed. Skin, greenish yellow, covered with 
patches and dots of russet, particularly round the eye. Eye, small 
and open, set in a shallow, narrow, and even basin. Stalk, about half 
an inch long, almost embedded in a round cavity. Flesh, yellowish 
white, tender, crisp, and very juicy, with a rich, brisk, and sugary 
flavor. 

A rich and deliciously flavored dessert apple, of the highest excel- 
lence ; in use from December to March. 

The tree is perfectly hardy, a healthy and vigorous grower, but does 
not attain a large size ; it is an excellent bearer. 

This variety was raised by John Motteux, Esq., of Beachamwell, in 
Norfolk, where, according to Mr. George Lindley, the original tree 
still existed in 1831. It is not very generally cultivated, but ought to 
form one even in the smallest collections. 

21. BEAUTY OF KENT.— Fors. 

Identification— Fors. Treat. 93. Lind. Guide, 27. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 37. 

Down. Fr. Amer. 81. 
Synonyme. — Kentish Pippin, of some, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
Figures. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xc. f. 6. Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xv. f. 1. 

Fruit, large ; roundish-ovate, broad and flattened at the base, and 
narrowing towards the apex, where it is terminated by several prominent 
angles. Skin, deep yellow slightly tinged with green, and marked with 
faint patches of red, on the shaded side ; but entirely covered with deep 
red, except where there are a few patches of deep yellow, on the side 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 



33 



next the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, and set in a 
narrow and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide and deep 




cavity, which, with the base, is entirely covered with rough brown 
russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, and juicy, with a pleasant sub-acid 
flavor. 

A valuable and now well-known culinary apple, in use from October 
to February. When well grown the Beauty of Kent is perhaps the most 
magnificent apple in cultivation. Its great size, the beauty of its color • 
ing, the tenderness of the flesh, and profusion of delicate sub-acid juice, 
constitute it one of our most popular winter apples, for culinary pur- 
poses, and one of the most desirable and useful, either for a small garden, 
or for more extended cultivation. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attains a large size, and is 
a good bearer ; but I have always found it subject to canker when grown 
on the paradise stock, and in soils which are moist and heavy. 

I have not been able to ascertain the time when, or the place where 
this variety originated. It is first noticed by Forsyth in his Treatise on 
Fruit Trees, but is not enumerated in any of the nurserymen's cata- 
logues, either of the last, or the early part of the present, century. It 
was introduced to the Brompton Park Nursery, about the year 1820, 
and is now as extensively cultivated as most other leading varieties. In 
America, Downing says, " the fruit in this climate is one of the most 
magnificent of all apples, frequently measuring sixteen or eighteen inches 
in circumference." 



31 BBITISH POMOLOGY. ETC. 

22. BEDFORDSHIRE FOUNDLING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 42. Lind. Guide, 63. Down. Fr. 

Amer. 107. 
Synonyme. — Cambridge Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxviii. f. 2. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches and a 
half high ; roundish-ovate, inclining to oblong, with irregular and pro- 
minent angles on the sides, which extend to the apex, and form ridges 
round the eye. Skin, dark green at first, and changing, as it attains 
maturity, to pale greenish yellow on the shaded side ; but tinged with 
orange on the side next the sun, and strewed with a few fawn-colored 
dots. Eye, open, set in a deep, narrow, and angular basin. Stalk, short, 
inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tender, pleasantly sub-acid, 
and with a somewhat sugary flavor. 

An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality, in use from Novem- 
ber to March. 

23. BELLE BONNE.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. Guide, 63. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 43. 

Syttontmes. — "Winter Belle boon, Park. Par. 587. Winter Belle and Bonne, Raii 
Hist. II, 1448. Winter Belle and Bon, Worl. Vin. 156. Holland, Ace. Lind. 
Guide. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and three and a quarter 
high ; ovato-conical. Skin, thick, pale greenish yellow, and marked 
with a few redish streaks on the side next the sun. Eye, small and 
closed. Stalk, half-an-inch long, obliquely inserted under a fleshy lip. 
Flesh, firm, juicy, and well-flavored. 

A valuable culinary apple, in use from October to January. The tree 
is very hardy, a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and a good bearer. 

This is a very old English variety. It was known to Parkinson so 
early as 1629, aud also to Worlidge and Ray. But it is not noticed by 
any subsequent author, or enumerated in any of the nursery catalogues 
of the last century, until discovered by George Lindley, growing in a 
garden at Gatton, near Norwich, and published by him in the Trans- 
actions of the London Horticultural Society, vol. iv., p. 58. He seems 
to be uncertain whether it is the Summer, or Winter Belle Bonne of these 
early authors, but Worlidge's description leaves no doubt as to its iden- 
tity. He says " The Summer Belle et Bonne is a good bearer, but the 
fruit is not long lasting. The Winter Belle and Bon is much to be pre- 
ferred to the Summer in every respect." I have no doubt, therefore, 
that the latter is the Belle Bonne of Lindley. Parkinson says fi they 
are both fair fruit to look on, being yellow, and of a meane (medium) 
bignesse." 

24. BELLEDGE PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 49. 

Synonymes. — Belledge, Lind. Guide, 36. Belledge Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. 

ed. 1, 65. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvi., f. 4. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 35 

high ; roundish, narrowing a little towards the apex, regularly and hand- 
somely formed. Skin, pale green, changing to yellow as it ripens, with 
a tinge of brown where exposed to the sun, and strewed with grey rus- 
sety dots. Eye, small, partially closed with short segments, and placed 
in a round, narrow, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, 
inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, greenish yellow, tender, 
soft, brisk, sugary, and aromatic. 

An excellent, but not first-rate apple, suitable either for the dessert 
or culinary purposes. It is in use from November to March. 

25. BELLE GRIDELINE.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. Plan Or. 1796. Lind. Guide, 36. 
Stnonyme. — Belle Grisdeline, Fors. Treat. 93. 

Fruit, medium sized ; round, and regularly formed. Skin, clear yel- 
low, marbled and washed with clear red, and intermixed with thin grey 
russet next the sun. Eye, set in a deep, round basin. Stalk, slender, 
deeply inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, and briskly 
flavored. 

An excellent dessert apple, in season from December to March. The 
tree is healthy and vigorous, of the middle size, and an excellent bearer. 

This beautiful variety was first brought into notice by Mr. George 
Lindley, who found it growing in a small garden near Surrey Street 
Gates, Norwich, where it had originated about the year 1770. Mr. 
Lindley first propagated it in 1793, and the original tree died about 
seven years afterwards. 

26. BENNET APPLE.— Knight. 

Identification and Figure. — Pom. Heref. t. 21. Lind Guide, 101. 

Fruit, somewhat long, irregularly shaped, broad at the base, and nar- 
row at the apex, but sometimes broader at the middle than either of the 
extremities. A few obtuse angles terminate at the eye, which is small 
and nearly closed, with very short segments. Stalk, half-an-inch long, 
and very slender. Skin, dingy colored russety grey in the shade ; and 
shaded on the sunny side with numerous streaks and patches of orange 
color and muddy red. 

The specific gravity of the juice is 1073. 

This is a good cider apple, and produces liquor of great excellence 
when mixed with other varieties. It is chiefly grown in the deep strong 
soils of the south-west part of Herefordshire, and is common in the dis= 
trict known as the Golden Vale. Knight says it was a very old variety, 
and was known previous to the 17th century, but I have not been able 
to find any record of it in the early works on Pomology. 

27. BENWELL'S PEARMALN.— Hort, 

Identification. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 534. Lind. Guide, 64. 

Fruit, medium sized ; pearmain-shaped. Skin, dull green with 
D 2 



3G BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

broken stripes of dull red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small, set in 
a shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, deeply inserted in a round 
cavity, scarcely protruding beyond the base. Flesh, yellowish white, 
crisp, juicy, brisk, and aromatic. 

A Jessert apple, in use from December to January. 

It received its name from a gentleman of the name of Benwell, of 
Henley-on-Thames, from whom it was received, and brought into culti - 
vation by Kirke, a nurseryman at Brompton. 

28. BERE COURT PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 400. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 55. Lind. 
Guide, 10. 

Fruit, medium sized ; round, and slightly flattened. Skin, pale green, 
and changing to yellow as it ripens, with stripes of red next the sun. 
Eye, open, placed in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk, inserted in a 
deep cavity. Flesh, crisp, juicy, and briskly acid. 

An excellent culinary apple, in use during September and October. 

This variety was raised by the Rev. S. Breedon, D.D., of Bere Court, 
near Pangbourne, in Berkshire. 

29. BESS POOL.— Ron. 

Identification. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 46. 
Stnontme. — Best Pool, Fors. Treat 94. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai, pi. xxiii. f. 8. 

Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and 
nearly three inches high ; conical, and handsomely shaped. Skin, yel- 
low, with a few markings of red on the shaded side ; but where exposed 
to the sun it is almost entirely washed and striped with fine clear red. 
Eye, small, and partially open, set in a rather deep and plaited basin, 
which is surrounded with five prominent knobs or ridges. Stalk, short 
and thick, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, with generally a fleshy 
protuberance on one side of it, and surrounded with yellowish brown 
russet, which extends over a considerable portion of the base. Flesh, 
white, tender, and juicy, with a fine, sugary, and vinous flavor. 

An excellent apple either for culinary or dessert use. It is in season 
from November to March. 

The tree is hardy, a vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer. The 
flowers are very late in expanding, and are, therefore, not liable to be 
injured by spring frosts. 



30. BEST BACHE.— Knight. 

Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 16. Lind. Guide, 194. 
Synonyme. — Bache's Kernel, Ace. Pom. Heref. 

Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, with obtuse angles on the sides, which 
extend to the apex. Skin, yellow, shaded with pale red, and streaked 



THE APPLE. TTS VARIETIES. 37 

with darker red, interspersed with a few black specks. Eye, small, seg- 
ments short and flat. Stalk, short and stout. 

Specific gravity of the juice 1073. 

A cider apple, grown in the south-east part of Herefordshire. 

31. BETSEY.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soo. Cat. ed. 3, n. 57. 

Fruit, small, about two inches wide, and an inch and three quarters 
high ; roundish, inclining to conical and flattened. Skin, dark green at 
first, and considerably covered, with ashy grey russet ; but changing to 
pale yellow, and with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun. Eye, 
open, with short reflexed segments, and set in a very shallow depression. 
Stalk, short, about a quarter of an inch long, with a fleshy protuberance 
on one side of it, and inserted in a shallow and narrow cavity. Flesh, 
greenish yellow, tender, juicy, rich, and sugary. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to January. 

32. BIGGS'S NONESUCH.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. I. p. 70. Lind. Guide, 88. Rog. Fr. Cult. 40. 
Synonyme. — Bigg's Nonsuch, Fors. Treat. 116. 
Figure. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. lxxxviii., f. 3. 

Fruit, medium sized ; round, and broadest at the base. Skin, yellow, 
striped with bright crimson next the sun. Eye, open, with long reflexed 
segments, set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, and deeply in- 
serted. Flesh, yellowish, tender, and juicy. 

An excellent culinary apple, in use from October to December. It is 
fit for use immediately it is gathered off the tree, and has a strong resem- 
blance to the old Nonesuch, but keeps much longer. 

The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer ; attains to the medium 
size, and is less liable to the attacks of the Woolly Aphis than the old 
Nonesuch. 

This variety was raised by Mr. Arthur Biggs, the intelligent and 
scientific gardener to Isaac Swainson, Esq., of Twickenham, Middlesex. 

33. BIRMINGHAM PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Lind. Guide, 38. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 59. 
Synonymes. — Grumas's Pippin, Fors. Treat. 105. Brummage Pippin, and Grum- 
mage Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Stone Pippin of the Nursery Catalogues. 

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and an inch and three 
quarters high ; round, and slightly flattened. Skin, pale dingy yellow, 
mottled and veined with very thin grey russet, and russety round the 
base. Eye, small, quite open, frequently without any segments, and placed 
in a very slight depression. Stalk, short, scarcely at all depressed. Flesh, 
greenish, very firm, crisp, and juicy, briskly and pleasantly flavored. 

A very good dessert apple ; in use from January to June. 



38 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

It is remarkable for the firmness and density of its flesh, and Mr. 
Lindley says, its specific gravity is greater than that of any other apple 
with which he was acquainted. 

The tree is of diminutive size, with short but very stout shoots. It 
is a good bearer. 

This variety is supposed to be a native of Warwickshire. It is what 
is generally known in the nurseries, under the name of Stone Pippin, 
but the Gogar Pippin is also known by that name. 



34. BLAND'S JUBILEE.— H. 

Synonymes. — Jubilee Pippin, Hart. Trans, vol. v., 400. Bland's Jubilee Rose Pip, 
Nursery Catalogues. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and 
three quarters high ; round, narrowing a little towards the eye, and 
obscurely ribbed. Skin, dull yellow tinged with green, but changing to 
clear yellow as it ripens ; marked with russet in the basin of the eye, and 
strewed over its surface with large russety dots. Eye, small and closed, 
with long acuminate segments, set in a narrow, deep, and even basin, 
Stalk, short, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, 
tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and perfumed. 

An excellent apple, either for culinary purposes, or the dessert. It 
is in use from October to January. 

This was raised by Michael Bland, Esq., of Norwich. The seed was 
sown, on the day of the jubilee which celebrated the 50th year of the 
reign of George III., in 1809, and the tree first produced fruit in 1818. 
It is not a variety which is met with in general cultivation, but deserves 
to be more extensively known. 



35. BLENHEIM PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 70. Lind. Guide, 38. Down Fr. 
Amer. 81. 

Synonymes. — Blenheim, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Blenheim Orange, Ibid. Wood- 
stock Pippin, Ibid. Northwick Pippin, Ibid. Kempster's Pippin. 

Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 28. Ron. Pyr. Mai, pi. xxxi. f. 2. 

Fruit, large, the average size smaller than represented in the accom- 
panying figure, being generally three inches wide, and two and a half 
high ; globular, and somewhat flattened, broader at the base than the 
apex, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellow, with a tinge of 
dull red next the sun, and streaked with deeper red. Eye, large and 
open, with short stunted segments, placed in a round and rather deep 
basin. Stalk, short and stout, rather deeply inserted, and scarcely 
extending beyond the base. Flesh, yellow, crisp, juicy, sweet, and plea- 
santly acid. 

A very valuable and highly esteemed apple, either for the dessert or 
culinary purposes, but, strictly speaking, more suitable for the latter. 
It is in use from November to February. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 39 

The common complaint against the Blenheim Pippin is, that the tree 




is a bad bearer. This is undoubtedly the case when it is young, being of a 
strong and vigorous habit of growth, and forming a large and very beau- 
tiful standard ; but when it becomes a little aged, it bears regular and 
abundant crops. It may be made to produce much earlier, if grafted 
on the paradise stock, and grown either as an open dwarf, or an espalier. 

This valuable apple was first discovered at Woodstock, in Oxfordshire, 
and received its name from Blenheim, the seat of the. Duke of Marl- 
borough, which is in the immediate neighbourhood. It is not noticed in 
any of the nursery catalogues of the last century, nor was it cultivated 
in the London nurseries till about the year 1818. 

The following interesting account of this favorite variety was recently 
communicated to the Gardener's Chronicle. " In a somewhat delapi- 
dated corner of the decaying borough, of ancient Woodstock, within 
ten yards of the wall of Blenheim Park, stands all that remains of the 
original stump of that beautiful and justly celebrated apple, the Blen- 
heim Orange. It is now entirely dead, and rapidly falling to decay, 
being a mere shell about ten feet high, loose in the ground, and having 
a large hole in the centre ; till within the last three years, it occasionally 
sent up long, thin, wiry twigs, but this last sign of vitality has ceased, 
and what remains will soon be the portion of the woodlouse and the 
worm. Old Grimmett, the basket-maker, against the corner of whose 
garden-wall the venerable relict is supported, has sat looking on it from 
his workshop window, and while he wove the pliant osier, has meditated, 
for more than fifty successive summers, on the mutability of all sublu- 
nary substances, on juice, and core, and vegetable, as well as animal, 



40 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

and flesh, and blood. He can remember the time when, fifty years ago, 
he was a boy, and the tree a fine, full-bearing stem, full of bud, and 
blossom, and fruit, and thousands thronged from all parts to gaze on its 
ruddy, ripening, orange burden ; then gardeners came in the spring-tide 
to select the much coveted scions, and to hear the tale of his horticul- 
tural child and sapling, from the lips of the son of the white-haired 
Kempster. But nearly a century has elapsed since Kempster fell, like a 
ripened fruit, and was gathered to his fathers. He lived in a narrow 
cottage garden in Old Woodstock, a plain, practical, laboring man ; and 
in the midst of his bees and flowers around him, and in his " glorious 
pride," in the midst of his little garden, he realized Virgil's dream of 
the old Corycian : — " Et regum equabat opes animis." 

The provincial name for this apple is still " Kempster's Pippin" a 
lasting monumental tribute, and inscription, to him who first planted the 
kernel from whence it sprang." 

36. BOROVITSKY.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 74. Lind Guide, 3. Down. Fr. 
Amer. 70. 

Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 10. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches high, and about the same in width ; 
roundish and slightly angular. Skin, pale green strewed with silvery 
russet scales on the shaded side ; and colored with bright red, which is 
striped with deeper red on the side next the sun. Eye, set in a wide 
and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, deeply inserted in a rather wide 
cavity. Flesh, white, firm, brisk, juicy, and sugary. 

An excellent early dessert apple, ripe in the middle of August. 

This was sent from the Taurida Gardens, near St. Petersburg, to the 
London Horticultural Society in 1824. 



37. BORSDORFFER.— Knoop. 

Identification — Knoop. Pom. t. x. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 73. Down. Fr 
Amer. 99. 

Synonymes. — Porstorffer, Cord. Hist. Eeinette Batarde, Biv. et Moid. Meth. 192. 
Borstorf, Knoop. Pom. 56. Borstorff Hative, Ibid. 129. Borstorff a long queue, 
Ibid. 129. Bursdoff, or Queen's Apple, Fors. Treat, ed. 3, 15, Bed Borsdorf- 
fcr, Willich Dom. Encyc. Borsdorff, Lind. Guide, 39. Postophe d'Hiver, Bon 
Jard. 1843. p. 512. Pomme de prochain, Ace. Diel. Kernobst. Reinette d'Alle- 
magne, Ibid. Blanche de Leipsic, Ace. Knoop. Pom. Reinette de Misnie, Ace. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. Grand Bohemian Borsdorffer, Ibid. Edler Winter borstorffer, 
Diel. Kernobst. II. 80. Edel Winterborsdorfer, Ditt. Handb. I. 372. Witte 
Leipziger, Ace. Knoop. Pom. Maschanzker, Ace. Diel Kernobst. Weiner Mas- 
chanzkerl, Baum. Cat. 1850. Winter Borsdorffer, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Garret 
Pippin, Ibid. King, Ibid. King George, Ibid. King George the Third, Ron. 
Pyr. Mai. 26. 

Figures. — Knoop. Pom. t. x. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiii. f. 8. 

Fruit, below medium size ; roundish oblate, rather narrower at the apex 
than the base, handsomely and regularly formed, without ribs or other 




THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 41 

inequalities. Skin, shining, pale waxen yellow in the shade, and bright 

deep red next the sun ; it is 
strewed with dots, which 
are yellowish on the sunny 
side, and brownish in the 
shade, and marked with 
veins and slight traces of 
delicate, yellowish - grey 
russet. Eye, large and 
open, with long reflexed 
segments, placed in a ra- 
ther deep, round, and pretty 
even basin. Stalk, short 
and slender, inserted in a 
narrow, even, and shallow 
cavity, which is lined with 
thin russet. Flesh, white 
with a yellowish tinge, 
crisp and delicate, brisk, juicy, and sugary, and with a rich, vinous, and 
aromatic flavor. 

A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from November to January. 
The tree is a free grower and very hardy, not subject to canker, and 
attains the largest size. It is very prolific when it has acquired its full 
growth, which, in good soil, it will do in fifteen or twenty years ; and 
even in a young state it is a good bearer. If grafted on the paradise 
stock it may be grown as an open dwarf, or an espalier. The bloom 
is very hardy, and withstands the night frosts of spring better than 
most other varieties. 

This, above all other apples, is the most highly esteemed in Germany. 
Diel calls it the Pride of the Germans. It is believed to have originated 
either at a village of Misnia, called Borsdorf, or at a place of the same 
name near Leipsic. According to Forsyth, it was such a favorite with 
Queen Charlotte, that she had a considerable quantity of them annually 
imported from Germany, for her own private use. It is one of the earliest 
recorded varieties of the continental authors, but does not seem to have 
been known in this country before the close of the last century. It was 
first grown in the Brompton Park Nursery in 1785. It is mentioned by 
Cordus, in 1561, as being cultivated in Misnia ; which circumstance 
has no doubt given rise to the synonyme " Reinette de Misnie ;" he 
also informs us it is highly esteemed for its sweet and generous flavor, 
and the pleasant perfume which it exhales. Wittichius, in his " Metho- 
dus Simplicium," attributes to it the power of dispelling epidemic fevers 
and madness ! 

38. BOSSOM.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv., 528. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 75. Lind. 
Guide, 64. 

Fruit, large and conical ; handsomely and regularly formed. Skin, 
pale greenish yellow, considerably covered with russet, and occasionally 
marked with bright red next the sun. Eye, set in a shallow and plaited 



42 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, 
yellowish white, tender, crisp, juicy, and sugary, and with a pleasant 
sub-acid flavor. 

An excellent culinary apple, though not of the first quality, in use 
during December and January. The flesh is said to assume a fine color 
when baked. 

39. BOSTON RUSSET.— Hort. 
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 736. Down. Fr. Amer. 133. 
Synontmes. — Roxbury Russeting, Ken. Amer. Or. 53. Shippen's Russet, Ace. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. Putraan's Russet. 

Fruit, medium sized, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches 
and a half high ; roundish, somewhat flattened, narrowing towards the 
apex, and slightly angular. Skin, covered entirely with brownish yellow 
russet intermixed with green, and sometimes with a faint tinge of redish 
brown next the sun. Eye, closed, set in a round and rather shallow 
basin. Stalk, long, slender, and inserted in a moderately deep cavity. 
Flesh, yellowish white, juicy, sugary, briskly, and richly flavored. 

A very valuable dessert apple, of the first quality, in season from 
January to April, and will even keep till June. It partakes much of 
the flavor of the Ribston Pippin, and, as a late winter dessert apple, is 
not to be surpassed. 

The tree is not large, but healthy, very hardy, and an immense bearer, 
and, when grafted on the paradise stock, is well suited for being grown 
either as a dwarf, or an espalier. 

This is an old American variety, and one of the few introduced to this 
country which attains perfection in our climate. It is extensively grown 
in the neighbourhood of Boston, U.S., both for home consumption and 
exportation, and realizes a considerable, and profitable return to the 
growers. 

40. BOWYER'S RUSSET.— Hort. 
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 38. Lind. Guide, 87. 
Synonyme. — Bowyer's Golden Pippin, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 121. 

Fruit, small, two inches high, and about two and a half broad at the 
base ; roundish -ovate. Skin, entirely covered with fine yellow colored 
russet. Eye, small and closed, set in a small and slightly plaited basin. 
Stalk, short, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, greenish white tinged 
with yellow, crisp, brisk, and aromatic. 

A dessert apple of the first quality, in use during September and 
October. 

The tree attains a good size, is an abundant bearer, very healthy, and 
not subject to canker. 

41. BRABANT BELLEFLEUR.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 45. Down. Fr. Amer. 102. 

Synonymes. — Brabansche Bellefleur, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 55. Brabant, or Glory 
of Flanders, Rog. Fr. Cult. 46. Iron Apple, Ace. Bon. Pyr. Mai. Kleine Bra- 
banter Bellefleur, Diel Kernobst. viii. 133. 

Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. tab. xxxi. f. 3. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three and a quarter 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 43 

high ; roundish-ovate, inclining to oblong, or conical, ribbed on the sides, 
and narrowing towards the eye. Skin, greenish yellow, changing to 
lemon yellow as it attains maturity, and striped with red next the sun. 
Eye, large and open, with long broad segments, set in a wide and angular 
basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and wide cavity, which is lined 
with brown russet. Flesh, yellowish white, firm, crisp, and juicy, with 
a sugary, aromatic, and pleasantly sub-acid flavor. 

An excellent culinary apple of the finest quality, in use from Novem- 
ber to April. 

The tree is hardy, and though not strong, is a healthy grower, attain- 
ing the middle size, and an excellent bearer. 

This variety was forwarded to the gardens of the London Horticul- 
tural Society by Messrs. Booth, of Hamburgh. 

42. BRADDICK'S NONPAREIL.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. 268. Lind. Guide, 87. Fors. Treat. 118. 

Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 465. 
Synonyme. — Ditton Nonpareil, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 
Figure.— Eon. Pyr. Mai. t. xxiv. f. 3. Hort. Trans, vol. iii. t. 10, f. 3. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish and flattened, inclining to oblate. 

Skin, smooth, greenish 
yellow in the shade, and 
brownish red next the 
sun, russety round the 
eye, and partially co- 
vered, on the other 
portions of the surface, 
with patches of brown 
russet. Eye, set in a 
deep, round, and even 
basin. Stalk, half an 
inch long, inserted in a 
round and rather shal- 
low cavity. Flesh, yel- 
lowish, rich, sugary, 
and aromatic. 
One of the best winter dessert apples, in use from November to 

April, and by many considered more sweet, and tender, than the old 

Nonpareil. 

The tree is quite hardy, a slender grower, and never attains to a large 

size, but is a very excellent bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise 

stock, and is well adapted for dwarfs, or for being grown as an espalier. 
This excellent variety was raised by John Braddick, Esq., of Thames 

Ditton. 

43. BREEDON PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 268. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3, n. 85. Lind. 

Guide, 64. Rog. Fr. Cult. 82. 
Figure. — Hort. Trans, vol, iii. pi. 10, f. 1. 

Fruit, small, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter 




44 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

high ; roundish, and somewhat oblate, broader at the base than the apex, 
where it assumes somewhat of a four-sided shape. Skin, deep dull yel- 
low tinged with redish orange; inclining to red on the side exposed 
to the sun, and marked with a few traces of delicate brown russet. Eye, 
open, with short ovate reflexed segments, which are frequently four in 
number, set in a broad, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half an inch 
to three quarters long, inserted in a round and shallow cavity. Flesh, 
yellowish, firm, and with a rich, vinous, and brisk flavor, resembling that 
of a pine-apple. 

This is one of the best dessert apples ; it is in use during October 
and November. It bears some resemblance to the Court of Wick, but 
is considerably richer in flavor than that variety. 

The tree is hardy ; a slender grower, and does not attain a large size ; 
it is, however, an excellent bearer. It is well adapted for dwarf train- 
ing, and succeeds well on the paradise stock. 

This esteemed variety was raised by the Rev. Dr. Symonds Breed on, 
at Bere Court, near Pangbourne, Berkshire. 



44. BRICKLEY SEEDLING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 86. Lind. Guide, 39. Rog. Fr. 
Cult. 62. 

Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 124. 

Fruit, small, two inches and a half broad, and two inches high ; round- 
ish, and narrowing towards the apex. Skin, greenish yellow in the shade, 
and red where exposed to the sun, with a few streaks of red where the 
two colors blend. Eye, small and open, set in a smooth, and rather 
shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide cavity. Flesh, yellowish, 
firm, rich, sugary, and highly flavored. 

A very desirable winter dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is in use 
from January to April. 

The tree is hardy and an abundant bearer. 



45. BRIDGEWATER PIPPIN.— Rea. 

Identification. — Rea. Pom. 210. Worl. Vin. 158. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 
n. 87. 

Fruit, large ; roundish, and somewhat flattened, with prominent ribs 
on the sides, which extend to the basin of the eye. Skin, deep yellow, 
strewed with russety dots, and with a blush of red which sometimes as- 
sumes a lilac hue near the stalk. Eye, large and open, set in a deep and 
angular basin. Stalk, rather short, inserted in a deep, wide, irregular, 
and angular cavity. Flesh, yellowish, briskly, and pleasantly flavored. 

A good culinary apple of second-rate quality, in use from October to 
December. 

This is a very old English variety, being mentioned by Rea, in 1665, 
and of which, he says, " it is beautiful to the eye, and pleasant to the 
palat." 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 45 

46. BRINGEWOOD PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 88. Lind. Guide, 40. Rog. Fr. 
Cult. 88. 

Fruit, small, two inches and a half wide, and an inch and three quar- 
ters high ; almost round, a good deal like a flattened Golden Pippin. 
Skin, of a fine rich yellow color, covered with greyish dots, russety 
round the eye, and marked with a few russety dots on the side next the 
sun. Eye, small and open, with reffexed segments, and placed in a 
shallow basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a moderately deep 
cavity, which is lined with greenish grey russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, 
crisp, and sugary, with a rich and perfumed flavor. 

An excellent, though not a first-rate dessert apple, in use from January 
to March. Its only fault is the flesh being too dry. 

The tree is hardy, but a weak and slender grower, and never attains 
a great size. It succeeds well on the paradise stock. 

This is one of the varieties raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., 
of Downton Castle, Herefordshire, and which he obtained by impreg- 
nating the Golden Pippin, with the pollen of the Golden Harvey. 

47. BRISTOL PEARMAIN.— H. 

Fruit, small, about two inches and a quarter wide, and the same in 
height ; oblong, slightly angular on the side, and ridged round the eye. 
Skin, dull yellowish green, with a few pale stripes of crimson, and con- 
siderably covered with patches and dots of thin grey russet on the 
shaded side ; but marked with thin dull red, striped with deeper and 
brighter red, on the side exposed to the sun, and covered with numerous 
dark russety dots. Eye, small and closed, with erect, acute segments, 
set in a deep, round, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shal- 
low cavity, which is lined with thin brown russet, strewed with silvery 
scales. Flesh, yellow, firm, not very juicy, but briskly flavored. 

An apple of little merit, in use from October to February. 

The only place where I have ever met with this variety, is in the 
neighbourhood of Odiham, in Hampshire. 

48. BROAD-END.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 89. 

Synonymes. — Winter Broading, Hort. Trans, vol. iv., p. 66. Lind. Guide, 57. 

Kentish Broading, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 47. Broading, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiv. f. 1. 

Fruit, large, three inches and three quarters broad, and three inches 
high ; roundish, broadest at the base, and considerably flattened at the 
ends, somewhat oblate. Skin, yellowish green in the shade, but tinged 
with red next the sun, interspersed with a few streaks of red, and covered 
in some places with patches of fine russet. Eye, large and open, set in 
a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep cavity. 
Flesh, yellowish white, firm, crisp, rich, juicy, and with a pleasant sub- 
acid flavor. An excellent culinary apple of the first quality, in use from 
November to Christmas. 

The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, and an excellent 
bearer. 



40 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

49. BROAD-EYED PIPPIN.— Fors. 
Identification. — Fors. Treat. 95. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 90. 

Fruit, large and oblate. Skin, greenish yellow in the shade, and 
slightly tinged with red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large 
and open, set in a wide and shallow basin. Flesh, yellowish white, firm, 
crisp, brisk, and juicy. 

An excellent culinary apple, of the first size and quality, in use from 
September to January, but said by Forsyth to keep till May. 

This is a very old English variety ; it is mentioned by Ray, who 
makes it synonymous with Kirton or Holland Pippin. 

50. BROOKES'S.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 91. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 45. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 2. 

Fruit, small, two inches wide, and the same in height ; conical. Skin, 
yellow in the shade, but orange, thinly mottled with red next the sun, 
and considerably covered with thin, brown russet. Eye, open and pro- 
minent, with reflexed segments, and placed in a very shallow basin. 
Stalk, short, inserted in a small, round, and shallow cavity, which is 
lined with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, not very juicy, but with 
a rich, sweet, and highly aromatic flavor. 

A dessert apple of the first quality, in use from September to February. 
The tree is a slender grower, and never attains a great size, but is a 
good bearer. 

51. BROUGHTON.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 92. 

Fruit, small, conical, and regularly formed. Skin, pale greenish yel- 
low in the shade, but covered 
with fine, delicate, lively red, 
which is marked with a few 
streaks of deeper red on the 
side next the sun, and strewed 
with minute russety dots. 
Eye, small and closed, set 
in a shallow, and plaited basin. 
Stalk, half an inch long, in- 
serted in a round, and shal- 
low cavity. Flesh, greenish 
yellow, tender, delicate, brisk, 
sugary, and richly flavored. 
A valuable dessert apple of 
first-rate quality, in use from 
October to December. 

52. BROWN RENTING.— Hort. 
Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and 




THE APPLE. ITS VAKIETIES. 47 

two inches and a half high ; roundish, and slightly ribbed on the sides. 
Skin, greenish yellow, marked with distinct and well defined figures, 
and reticulations of russet, like the Fenouillet Jaune, on the shaded side, 
and over the base ; but green, which is almost entirely covered with a 
coating of smooth, thin, pale brown russet, on the side next the sun. Eye, 
small and closed, set in a narrow, and shallow basin. Stalk, an inch 
long, slender and woody, inserted in a funnel-shaped cavity, which is of 
a green color, and very slightly marked with russet. Flesh, yellowish, 
crisp, and tender, with a brisk, somewhat sugary, and pleasant aromatic 
flavor. 

An excellent dessert apple, of first-rate quality, in use from October 
to Christmas, after which it becomes meally. 

53. BURN'S SEEDLING.— Hort. 

Identification.— flort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 102. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, flattened at the base, and narrow- 
ing towards the apex, sometimes inclining to conical. Skin, yellow, but 
with a blush and a few streaks of red next the sun, marked with a few 
patches of russet, and sprinkled with russety dots, which are thickest 
round the eye. Eye, large and open, set in a shallow and irregular 
basin. Stalk, short, thick and fleshy, generally obliquely inserted by 
the side of a fleshy swelling, and surrounded with a patch of rough rus- 
set. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, and sub-acid. 

An excellent culinary apple of the first quality, in use from October 
to Christmas. 

This variety was raised by Mr. Henry Burn, gardener to the Marquis 
of Aylesbury, at Tottenham Park, near Marlborough. 

54. BYSON WOOD RUSSET. 

Stnontme. — Byson Wood, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 104. 

Fruit, below medium size ; oblato-ovate, regularly and handsomely 

shaped. Skin, green, en- 
tirely covered with ashy 
grey russet, and strewed 
with greyish white freckles. 
Eye, small, and slightly 
closed, set in a round and 
even basin. Stalk, an inch 
long, slender, inserted in a 
rather shallow and angular 
cavity. Flesh, greenish, 
firm, crisp, and juicy, 
with a brisk, sugary, and. 
aromatic flavor. 

A dessert apple of the 
first quality, in use from 
December to February. 




48 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

55. CALVILLE BLANCHE D'ETE.— Knoop. 

Identification. — Knoop Pom. 13. Chart. Cat. 56. Diel Kcrnobst. B. II. 7. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 109. 

Synonymes. — White Calville, Ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Calville Blanc, Jard. Franc. 
106. Wahrer Weiszer Sommer Calville, Diel Kernobst. B. II. 7. Weisser Som- 
merkalwil, Baum. Cat. 1850. 

Figure. — Knoop Pom. t. 1. 

Fruit, medium sized, about three inches broad, and two inches high ; 
roundish and flattened at the ends, with prominent ribs on the sides, 
which extend to the eye and form ridges round the apex — the true 
character of the Calvilles. Skin, tender and delicate ; when ripe, of a 
very pale straw color, and without the least tinge of red on the side 
exposed to the sun, but sometimes marked with a few traces of delicate 
russet, but no dots. Eye, large, and closed with long, broad, acuminate 
segments, and set in a pretty deep and very angular basin. Stalk, three 
quarters of an inch long, stout, inserted in a wide and rather shallow 
cavity, which is lined with thin russet. Flesh, white, tender, and deli- 
cate, with a sweet and pleasant flavor. 

A very good early culinary apple, but not of the finest quality, being 
too soft and tender ; it is ripe during August, and lasts till the middle of 
September. 

The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, with a large round 
head, and is an excellent bearer. It is distinguished by its very large 
foliage, the leaves being 4i inches long by 3 J broad. 

This is an old continental variety, but has been very little noticed by 
writers on Pomology. It is mentioned in the Jardinier Francais, of 1653, 
and by De Quintinye, but the first work in which it is either figured 
or described, is Knoop's Pomologie. Duhamel does not notice it, although 
it is enumerated in the catalogue of the Chartreuse, from whose garden 
he received the materials for producing his work on fruits. 

56. CALVILLE BLANCHE D'HIVER.— Knoop. 

Identification. — Knoop Pom. 66. Duh. Arb. Fruit, I. 279. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
ed. 3, n. 110. 

Synonymes. — Calville Blanche a Cotes, Merlet Abrege, 134. Calville Acoute, 
Lang. Pom. 134, t. lxxviii. f. 1. Calleville Blanc, Schab. Prat. II. 88. Cal- 
ville Blanc, Bret. Ecole, II. 472. Calville Blanche, Chart. Cat. 51. Calville 
Tardive, Ace. Christ Handb. ed. 1, 381. Pomme de Framboise, Ibid. 
Pomme de Coin, Ibid. Pome de Fraise, Ibid. Rambour a Cotes Gros, Ace. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. Bonnet Carre, Ace. Bon. Jard. Pomme Glace, Ibid. 1810, 
but erroneously. White Calville, Switz. Fr. Gard. 135. Coxe View. 136. 
White Autumn Calville, Aber. Diet. Winter White Calville, Fors. Treat. 
96. Lind. Guide, 59. White Winter Calville, Down. Fr. Amer. 103. Fran- 
zosischer Quittenapfel, Zink. Pom. n. 89. Weiszer Himbeerapfel, Meyen 
Baumsch. 300. Weiszer Erdbeerenapfel, Henne Anweis, 130. Weiszer Winter - 
calville, Diel Kernobst. II. 12. Parisapfel, Ace. Christ Handb. Eckapfel, or Ekke- 
ling, in Lower Saxony, Ace. Christ. Weisser Winterkalwil, Baum. Cat. 1850. 

Figure. — Knoop Pom. Tab. xi. Duh. Arb. Fr. vol. i., pi. ii. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, 
pi. 103. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches and a 
quarter high ; roundish and flattened, with broad uneven and unequal 



TftE APPLE.— ITS VARIETIES. 49 

ribs, extending the whole length of the fruit, and terminating at the 
apex in prominent unequal ridges. Skin, delicate pale yellow tinged 
with green, becoming bright golden yellow at maturity, washed with deep 
red on the side next the sun, and strewed with brown dots, and a few 
markings of greyish white russet. Eye, small and closed with stout and 
pointed segments, set in a deep, irregular, five-ribbed basin, which is 
surrounded with knobs. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, 
and inserted the whole of its length in a deep and angular cavity, which 
is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, delicate, and juicy, with a 
rich, lively, and agreeable aromatic flavor. 

A valuable winter apple, admirably adapted for all culinary purposes, 
and excellent also for the dessert. It is in use from January to April. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and a good bearer, but does 
not attain more than the middle size. It is rather liable to canker in 
damp situations, and is better suited for a dwarf than a standard ; if 
grown on the paradise stock the appearance of the fruit is very much 
improved. 

This variety is sometimes called Pomme Glace, which is, however, 
a distinct variety, known by the names of Rouge des Chartreux, and 
Pomme de Concombre ; it is a variety of Calville Blanche d'Hiver, the 
fruit is about the size of an egg, but twice as long. 

57. CALVILLE MALINGRE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 114. 

Synonymes. — Pomme de Malengre, Chart. Cat. 50. Cal. Traite, iii. 40. Calville 
Normande, ace. Calvel Malengre d'Angleterre, Merlet Abrege, 137. Calville 
Rouge de la Normandie, ace. Poit et Turp. Malus Aegra, Ibid. Normannische 
rothe Wintercalville, Ditt. Handb. iii. 3. 

Figuke. — Poit et Turp, pi. 41. 

Fruit, very large, elongated, and prominently ribbed like the Calville 
Blanche d'Hiver, but not so much flattened as that variety. Skin, a 
little yellow on the shaded side, and of a beautiful deep red next the 
sun, which is marked with stripes of darker red, strewed all over with 
minute dots. Eye, small, set in a broad, deep, and angular basin, which 
is surrounded with prominent knobs. Stalk, slender, deeply inserted in 
an angular cavity. Flesh, white, delicate, very juicy, and charged with 
an agreeable acid. 

A culinary apple of the first quality ; in use from January to April, 
and " keeps well." According to the Chartreux Catalogue, " est bonne 
cuite pour les malades." 

The tree is a very vigorous grower, much more so than the generality 
of the Calvilles ; it is very hardy and an abundant bearer, and is better 
adapted for being cultivated as a dwarf than an espalier ; but it does not 
succeed well on the paradise stock. 

According to the French pomologists, this variety seems to have some 
connection with this country, but there is no evidence that it was at any 
period grown to any extent in England, or that it was ever known to any 
of our early pomologists. It is said by some that the name malingre is 
applied to this variety from the fruit becoming meally or unsound, but 
from the observation in the Chartreux Catalogue, it is more probable 
that it is so called from being useful to invalids. 
E 



50 URTTISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

58. CALVILLE ROUGE D'AUTOMNE.— Knoop. 

Identification. — Knoop Pom. 24. Bret. Ecolc, ii. 471. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. ( J, 
Bon. Jard. 1843, 512. 

Stnonymes. — Calville d' Automne, Quint. Traite, i. 201. Mill. Diet. No. 6. Calle- 
ville d'Automne, Merlet Abrege. Pomme Grelot, ace. Couver. Traite. Porame 
Sonnette, Ibid. Herfst-Present, ace. Knoop. Gelder's Present, Ibid. Rode 
Herfst-Calville, Knoop Pom. tab. iii. Autumn Calville, Mill. Diet. No. 6. 
Autumn Red Calville, Fors. Treat. 96. Red Autumn Calville, Ken. Arner. 
Or. 38. Rothe Herbstcalville, Diel Kernobst. iii. 8. Rother Herbstkalwil, 
Baum. Cat. 1850. 

Figure. — Knoop Pom. tab. iii. Mayer. Pom. Franc, tab. xi. Sickler Obst- 
gart. ix. 205. t. 8. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three and a quarter 
high ; not so much flattened as the other Calvilles. Skin, pale red, 
with a trace of yellow on the shaded side, bat of a beautiful deep crim- 
son next the sun, and marked with yellowish dots on the shaded side. 
Eye, half open, set in a rather shallow, and ribbed basin, which is 
lined with fine down. Stalk, rather short, inserted in a wide and deep 
cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, white, tinged with red under 
the skin, and very much so on the side which is exposed to the sun ; it 
is tender, delicate, and juicy, with a pleasant, vinous, and violet scented 
flavor. 

A culinary apple of inferior quality in' this country, but highly 
esteemed on the Continent, both as a culinary and a dessert fruit. 
It is in season during October and November. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains the largest size. 
It is also an abundant bearer. To have the fruit in perfection it ought 
to be grown on the paradise stock as an open dwarf, in a fine sandy loam, 
and not too closely pruned. 

59. CALVILLE ROUGE D'ETE.— Quint. 

Identification.— Quint. Traite. i. 201. Knoop Pom. 12. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 
n. 117. Henne Anweis. 101. 

Stnonymes. — Calville d'Ete, Bret. Ecole,ii. 470. Calleville d'Ete, Schab. Prat, ii, 
89. Calleville d'Este, Merlet Abrege, 132. Madeleine, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. but 
not of Calvel. Calville, Bon Jard. 1810, 113. Passe-Pomme, ace. Bon Jard. 
1810. Grosse Pomme Magdeleine, Ibid. Calville Plane Rouge d'Ete, ace. 
Christ Ha.ndb. Calville Royale d'Ete, Ibid. Cousinotte ou Calville d'Ete, 
in Normandy, Ibid. Grosse Rouge de Septembre, Ibid. Red Calville, Lind. 
Guide, 9. Rother Sommercalville, Diel Kernobst. iv. 6. Sommer Erdbeeren- 
apfel, Henne Anweis. 101. Rother Rosmarinapfel, ace. Mayer. Rother Strich- 
erdbeerapfel, Ibid. Rothe Sommer-Erdbeer-Apfel, Sickler Obstgart. ii. 20, t. 3. 
Rode Zomer-Calville, Knoop Pom. tab. i. 

Figure. — Knoop Pom. tab. i. Sickler. Obstgart. ii. t. 3. Mayer Pom. Eranc, tab. iv. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and about the same 
high ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, and with prominent ribs 
on the sides like the other Calvilles. Skin, yellowish white, streaked 
and veined with red on the shaded side ; but covered with beautiful 
deep shining crimson, on the side next the sun, and strewed with 
numerous white dots. Eye, small and prominent, set in a narrow and 
wrinkled basin. Stalk, from an inch to an inch and a half long, in- 



THE APPLE. ITS VAKIETIES. 51 

serted in a deep and narrow cavity, which is lined with thin russet. 
Flesh, white tinged with red, crisp and tender, agreeably and pleasantly 
flavored. 

A culinary apple of second-rate quality, ripe during July and August. 
The flesh is stained with red, particularly on the side next the sun, and 
partakes somewhat of the flavor of the strawberry. It is valued only for 
its earliness. 

The tree is of small habit of growth, but an excellent bearer. There 
is great confusion subsisting between this variety and the Passe-pomme 
Rouge, which Duhamel has described under the name of Calville d'Ete. 

60. CALVILLE ROUGE D'HIVER.— Knoop. 

Identification. — Knoop Pom. 62. Christ Handb. ed. 1, n. 17. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
ed. 3, n. 118. 

Synonymes. — Calville Rouge, Duh.Arb. Fruit, i. 280. Calleville Rouge, Schab. Prat. 
ii. 88. Calville dit Sanguinole, Merlet Abrege. Calville Rouge Longue d'Hyver, 
Zink. Pom. n. 66. Calville Longue d'Hiver, ace. Christ. Handb. Calville Royale 
d'Hiver, Ibid. Rother Ekapfel, Ibid. Caillot Rosat, Ibid. Calville Rouge Cou- 
ronnee, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Calville Sanguinole, ace. Knoop. Calville Rouge 
Dedans et Dehors, Ibid. Calville Musquee, Ibid. Sanguinole, Ibid. Red Cal- 
ville, Lang. Pom.. 134, tab. lxxv. f. 3. Winter Red Calville, Lind. Guide, 85. 
Rode Wintercalville, Knoop. Pom. Tab. ix. Aechter rother Wintercalville, 
Did Kernobst. iii. 1. Rothe Wintercalville, Sickler Obstg'drt, viii. 95, t. 6. 
Rother Winterquittenapfel, Walter, ace. Diet Rother Winterkarwil, Baum. 
Cat. 1850. 

Figure. — Knoop Pom. Tab. ix. Duh. Arb. Fr. i. Tab. iii. Poit. et Turp. 
pi. 87. 

Fruit, large, about three inches high, and the same in width ; oblong, 
but not nearly so much ribbed on the sides as the other Calvilles already 
described. Skin, covered with a bluish bloom, deep shining crimson on 
the side next the sun, but paler red on the shaded side, and strewed 
with numerous yellowish dots. Eye, large and closed, with long seg- 
ments set in a deep warted and wrinkled basin. Stalk, slender, three 
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined with 
thin brown russet. Flesh, greenish white stained with red, not very 
juicy, tender, vinous, and with a pleasant perfumed flavor. 

A culinary apple of second-rate quality, ripe during November and 
December. The tree attains about the middle size, is vigorous and 
healthy in its young state, and is a good bearer. It is well adapted for 
growing as dwarfs on the paradise stock, and requires a rich and warm 
soil. 

61. CALVILLE ROUGE DE MICOUD.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v., p. 242. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 119. 

Fruit, below medium size ; oblate, and ribbed on the sides. Skin, 
tough, and bitter tasted, red all over ; but of a deeper and darker color 
on the side next the sun, and streaked and spotted with paler red on the 
shaded side. Eye open, placed in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, long, 
inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, tender and delicate, 
crisp, sweet, and perfumed. 
E 2 



b)i BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

This curious apple has the extraordinary property of producing three 
crops of fruit in one season. The first flowers appear at the usual 
time in April, the second in June, and then for a time it ceases to pro- 
duce any more till the month of August, when it again blooms during 
the whole of that month, September, October, and November, until 
it is checked by the severity of the frosts. The first fruit is gener- 
ally ripe during August ; the second in October, which are about the 
size of a pigeon's egg, and quite as good as the first. And so on it con- 
tinues until retarded by the frosts ; but those last produced are rarely 
fit for use. 

This variety was first brought into notice by M. Thouin, of Paris, 
who says the tree originated on the farm of the Baroness de Micoud, 
near La Charite sur Loire, in the department of Nievre. 

62. CARLISLE CODLIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Sec. Cat. ed. 3, n. 154. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iii. f. 2. 

Fruit, above medium size ; ovate, flat at the base, irregular and angu- 
lar on the sides. Skin, smooth and unctuous, pale yellow and strewed 
with a few russety specks. Eye, closed, set in a narrow, rather deep, 
and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in the cavity, which is 
lined with russet, a few lines of which extend over the base. Flesh, 
white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with, a fine, brisk, and sugary flavor. 

A culinary apple of the first quality, in use from August to December. 
It is one of the most useful as well as one of the best culinary apples we 
have, being fit for use when no larger than a walnut, and after perfecting 
their growth continuing in perfection as late as Christmas. If blanched in 
warm water, when used small, the outer rind slips off, and they may be 
baked whole ; their color is then a transparent green ; and their flavor 
is exquisite, resembling that of a green apricot. When it is about the 
size of a large nutmeg, it may be made into apple marmalade, or a dried 
sweetmeat, which rivals the finest Portugal plum. — M.C.H.S. 

The tree is very hardy, a free grower, and an abundant bearer. As 
it does not attain a great size, it may be grown more closely together 
than most other sorts. It is a dwarf variety of the old English Codlin. 

63. CAROLINE.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. Guide, 41. Hort. Trans, vol. iv., p. 66. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
ed. 3, n. 128. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish. Skin, fine rich deep yellow, streaked 
with broad patches of red. Eye, small, set in a narrow and plaited basin. 
Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. 
Flesh, firm, brisk, juicy, and highly flavored. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to 
February. 

This variety was named in honor of Lady Caroline Suffield, the wife 
of Lord Sumeld, of Blickling and Gunton Hall, Norfolk. — Lindley. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 53 

64. CATS HE AD.— Ray. 

Identification. — Raii Hist. ii. 1447, n. 8. Lind. Guide, 65. Down. Fr. Amer. 
103. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 130. 

Synonyme. — Cat's Head, Fors. Treat 97. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and the same in height ; 
oblong, nearly as broad at the apex as at the base, with prominent ribs 
on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, and terminate in 
several knobs. Skin, smooth and unctuous, pale green ; but with a 
brownish tinge next the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots. 
Eye, large and open, set in a large, angular, and rather deep basin. 
Stalk, short, and slender for the size of the fruit, inserted in a shallow 
and angular cavity. Flesh, tender, juicy, and sweet, with a pleasant, 
acid, and slightly perfumed flavor. 

One of our oldest and best culinary apples ; it is in use from October 
to January. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains the largest size, 
and though not an abundant bearer during the early period of its growth, 
it is much more productive as it becomes aged. 

In the Horticultural Society's Catalogue of Fruits, and also in Lindley's 
Guide to the Orchard." This is made synonymous with the Costard of 
Ray, which is undoubtedly an error, the Costard being a distinct variety. 

The Catshead is one of our oldest varieties, and was always highly 
esteemed for its great size. Phillips, in his poem on Cyder, says — 

" Why should we sing the Thrift, 

Codling or Pomroy, or of pimpled coat 
The Russet, or the Cat's-Head's weighty orb, 
Enormous in its growth, for various use 
Tho' these are meet, tho' after full repast, 
Are oft requir'd, and crown the rich dessert." 

In Ellis's " Modern Husbandman," he says the Catshead is, " a very 
useful apple to the farmer, because one of them pared and wrapped 
up in dough, serves with little trouble for making an apple-dumpling, so 
much in request with the Kentish farmer, for being part of a ready 
meal, that in the cheapest manner satiates the keen appetite of the hun- 
gry plowman, both at home and in the field, and, therefore, has now got 
into such reputation in Hertfordshire, and some other counties, that it is 
become the most common food with a piece of bacon or pickle-pork for 
families." 

65. CELLINI.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 132. 

Fruit, rather above medium size ; roundish and flattened at both 
ends. Skin, rich deep yellow, with spots and patches of lively red on 
the shaded side ; and bright red streaked and mottled with dark crimson 
next the sun, with here and there a tinge of yellow breaking through. 
Eye, large and open, with short, acute, and reflexed segments, and set 
in a shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a 



54 



BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly 
flavored. 




A culinary apple of the first quality ; in use during October and 
November. It is a fine, showy, and handsome apple, bearing a strong 
resemblance to the Nonesuch, from which in all probability it was raised. 
It originated with Mr. Leonard Phillips, of Vauxhall. 



66. CHERRY APPLE.— H. 

Synonymes. — Siberian Crab of some. Kirschapfel, Pomme Cerise, Diet Kernobst 
ix. 238. 

Fruit, very small, about three quarters of an inch broad, and the same 
in height ; oblato- oblong. Skin, thin, and shining, 
of a beautiful lemon color on the shaded side, but 
entirely covered with dark blood-red on the side 
exposed to the sun, and which extends towards 




the shaded side of a fine crimson. Stalk, 



very 



slender, an inch and a half long, inserted in a 
small round cavity. Eye, small, without any seg- 
ments, and placed in a shallow basin. Flesh, yel- 
low, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a very pleasant 
and lively sub-acid flavor. 

A beautiful little apple, more resembling a 
cherry in its general appearance than an apple. 
It is ripe in October. 

The tree, when full grown, is from fifteen to 
twenty feet high, and produces an abundance of 



THE APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 55 

its beautiful fruit. It is perfectly hardy, and may be grown in almost 
any description of soil. It forms a beautiful object when grown as an 
ornamental tree on a lawn or in a shrubbery. 

67. CHESTER PEARMAIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 30. Lind. Guide, 65. Rog. Fr. Cult. 73. 
Diel Kernobst. iv. B. 43. 

Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two inches and a half 
high ; oblate, narrowing from the base to the crown. Skin, pale yellow, 
but pale red striped with crimson where exposed to the sun, and covered 
with large russety spots. Eye, small, and partially closed with broad 
segments, and set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk, three quarters of an 
inch long, slender, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and russety cavity. 
Flesh, yellowish white, tender, soft, and juicy, with a pleasant, sugary, 
and perfumed flavor. 

A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use from October to 
Christmas. 

The tree is hardy, a free grower, a good bearer, and attains a consider- 
able size. It is said to be extensively cultivated in the neighbourhood 
of Chester. 

68. CHRISTIE'S PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification . — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 10. Lind. Guide, 12. Rog. Fr. Cult. 84 . 
Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xli. f. 3. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ; 
oblate, without angles, and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellow, tinged 
with green on the shaded side ; but streaked and mottled with red next 
the sun, and speckled all over with large russety dots. Eye, partially 
closed, set in a round, even, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, short and 
slender, not protruding beyond the margin, inserted in a deep cavity, 
which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, brisk, juicy, 
sugary, and pleasantly flavored. 

A dessert apple of the first quality ; in use from December to 
February. 

The tree is an abundant bearer, but constitutionally weak, a delicate 
grower, and subject to canker and mildew. On the paradise stock it 
forms a beautiful, compact, and handsome little pyramid. 

It was raised by a Mr. Christie, at Kingston-on-Thames. 

69. CLAYGATE PEARMAIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 402. Lind. Guide, 65. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
ed. 3, n. 538. Down. Fr. Amer. 122. 

Fruit, medium sized ; pearmain- shaped. Skin, dull yellow mixed 
with green, and a thin coating of russet and numerous dots on the 
shaded side ; but marked with broken stripes of dark red, on the side 
exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, with long segments set in a 
deep basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a smooth and rather deep 



56 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, partaking of the 
flavor of the Ribston Pippin. 

A valuable and highly esteemed dessert apple of the first quality ; it 
comes into use in November, and will continue till March. 

The tree, though not a strong or vigorous grower, is hardy and healthy, 
attains the middle size, and is an abundant bearer. It succeeds well 
grafted on the paradise stock, and grown as an espalier or an open dwarf. 
Its shoots are slender and drooping. 

This excellent variety was discovered by John Braddick, Esq., grow- 
ing in a hedge near his residence at Claygate, a hamlet in the parish of 
Thames Ditton, in Surry, and by him widely and freely distributed. 

70. CLARA PIPPIN.— Thomp. 
Identification. — Thomp. in Gard. Chron. 1848, p. 300. 

Fruit, small ; roundish-ovate. Skin, thick and membranous, orange 
in the shade, and brownish red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, 
placed almost even with the surface, or set in a slight depression. Stalk, 
half an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, orange, firm, 
rich, brisk, and sugary. 

A very valuable dessert apple of the first quality, remarkable for the 
deep orange color of its flesh. It is in use about December and will 
keep till May. It was raised by F. J. Graham, Esq., of Cranford, and 
first noticed in the Gardeners Chronicle, April, 1848. 

71. CLUSTER GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 282. Diel Kernobst. xi. 103. 

Synonymes. — Cluster Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Twin Cluster Pippin, Ibid. 
Thickset, Ibid. Cluster Apple, Diel Kernobst. xi. 103. Englische Buschelrei- 
nette, Ibid. 

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high ; 
round, and slightly flattened at the apex. Skin, smooth, yellowish green 
at first, but changing to yellow on the shaded side ; with an orange tinge 
next the sun, marked all over with veins and reticulations of pale, brown- 
ish grey russet, with large patches round the stalk and the eye. Eye, 
large and open, placed in a very shallow depression. Stalk, short, in- 
serted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and tender, 
with a brisk, sugary, and perfumed flavor. 

A very good dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality ; in use from 
November to March. The fruit is produced in clusters, and it not un- 
frequently happens that two are found joined together. 

The tree is hardy, a small grower, and a good bearer. 

72. COBHAM.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 148. Lind. Guide, 13. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and over two inches 
and three quarters high ; roundish and angular. Skin, lemon yellow 
tinged with green ; but with a few patches and pencilings of red next 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 57 

the sun, and covered with specks and patches of russet. Eye, open, 
with short segments, set in a wide and angular basin. Stalk, short and 
slender, inserted in a wide, deep, and" russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish, 
crisp, firm, delicate, and juicy, with a brisk and sugary flavor. 

An excellent culinary apple, and not unworthy of the dessert ; it is in 
use from November to Christmas, and partakes of the Ribston Pippin 
flavor. 

The tree is hardy, vigorous, and an excellent bearer. 

The Cobham is so like a variety which is cultivated near Faversham, 
in Kent, under the name of Pope's apple, that there is some difficulty in 
distinguishing the one from the other. Further observation may prove 
them to be synonymous. — See Pope's Apple. 

73. COCCAGEE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 150. Lind. Guide, 102. 
Synontmes. — Cockagee, Fors. Treat. 97. Cocko Gee. 

Fruit, medium sized ; ovate, and slightly angular. Skin, smooth, pale 
yellow, interspersed with green specks. Eye, small and closed, set in a 
deep, uneven, and irregular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow 
and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, soft, sharply acid, and 
austere. 

One of the oldest and best cider apples. Although it is perhaps the 
most harsh and austere apple known, and generally considered only fit 
for cider, still it is one of the best for all culinary purposes, especially for 
baking, as it possesses a particularly rich flavor when cooked. 

The name is said to be derived from Cocko- Gee signifying Goose- 
dung. In Langley's u Pomona," it is said, " This fruit is originally 
from Ireland, and the cyder much valued in that country. About six- 
teen or eighteen years since [1727] it was first brought over, and pro- 
moted about Minehead, in Somersetshire. Some gentlemen of that 
county have got enough of it now to make five, six, or eight hogsheads 
a year of the cyder ; and such as have to spare from their own tables, 
sell, I am told, from four to eight pounds a hogshead. The cyder is of 
the color of sherry (or rather of French white wine), and every whit as 
fine and clear. I have tasted of it from several orchards in Somerset- 
shire. It hath a more vinous taste than any cyder I ever drank, and as 
the sight might deceive a curious eye for wine, so I believe the taste 
might pass an incurious palate for the same liquor." 

74. COCKLE PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 151. Lind. Guide, 66. Kog. Fr. 
Cult. 96. 

Synonymes. — Cockle's Pippin, Fors. Treat. 98. Nutmeg Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. 
Cat. Nutmeg Cockle Pippin, Ibid. White Cockle Pippin, Ibid. Brown Cockle 
Pippin, ace. Gard. Chron. 1846, 148. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 9. 

Fruit, medium sized ; conical, and slightly angular on the sides. 



58 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



Skin, greenish yellow, changing as it ripens to deeper yellow, dotted with 

small grey dots, and 
covered all over the 
base with delicate 
pale brown russet. 
Eye, small and 
slightly closed, set 
in an irregular, and 
somewhat angular 
basin. Stalk, an inch 
long, rather slender, 
and obliquely insert- 
ed in a round and 
deep cavity, which 
is lined with rus- 
set. Flesh, yellowish, 
firm, tender, crisp, 
juicy, and sugary, 
with a pleasant aro- 
matic flavor. 

An excellent des- 
sert apple of the 
finest quality, in use 
from January to 

April. Tree healthy, hardy, and an excellent bearer. This variety is 

extensively grown in Surry and Sussex. 




75. COE'S GOLDEN DROP.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 274. 

Fruit, small, conical, even, and regularly shaped. Skin, green at first, 

but changing as it ripens to yellow, 
with a few large crimson spots, on 
the side exposed to the sun, and 
marked with small patches of thin 
delicate russet. Eye, small and 
open, even with the surface, and 
surrounded with a few shallow 
plaits. Stalk, three quarters of 
an inch long, inserted in a small, 
and shallow depression, which, 
together with the base, is entirely 
covered with russet. Flesh, green- 
ish-yellow, firm, crisp, and very 
juicy, brisk, sugary, and vinous. 

A delicious little dessert apple 
of the first quality, in use from 
November to May. 

The tree is hardy, a free upright 
grower, and a good bearer. It attains about the middle size. If grafted 




THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 59 

on the paradise stock it is well suited for espaliers, or growing as an open 
dwarf. 

This excellent variety was introduced to notice by Gervase Coe, of 
Bury St. Edmonds, who raised the Golden Drop Plum. It has been said 
that it is a very old variety, which has existed for many years in some 
Essex orchards, but was propagated by Coe as a seedling of his own. 

76. COLE.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 172. Lind. Guide, 13. Down. Fr. 
Amer. 71. 

Synonyme. — Scarlet Perfume, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 

Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 104. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxvii. f. 3. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two and a half 
high ; roundish, considerably flattened, almost oblate, and angular on 
the sides. Skin, yellowish, almost entirely covered with deep crimson, 
and slightly marked with russet. Eye, large and closed, set in a wide 
and open basin. Stalk, long, covered with down, and inserted in a close 
narrow cavity, with a fleshy prominence on one side of it. Flesh, white, 
firm, juicy, and sweet, with a rich, brisk, and pleasant flavor. 

A first-rate early kitchen apple, and second-rate for the dessert. It is 
in use during August and September, and will even keep as long as 
Christmas, if well preserved. 

The tree is hardy, vigorous, and a good bearer, and on account of the 
size of the fruit should be grown rather as a dwarf than a standard. 

77. COLONEL HARBORD'S PIPPIN.— Lind. 

Identification. — G. Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv., p. 65. Lind. Guide, 66. Hort 
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 174. 

Fruit, large, about three inches and a half wide, and the same in 
height ; conical, and angular on the sides. Skin, pale yellowish-green, 
partially russeted on one side. Eye, large, set in a rather shallow 
basin, surrounded with plaits and wrinkles. Stalk, half an inch long. 
Flesh, white, tinged with green, soft, and very juicy, with a brisk tart 
flavor. 

An excellent culinary apple of the first quality ; in use from Novem- 
ber to March. It originated at Blickling Hall, in Norfolk. 

78. COLONEL VAUGHAN'S.— H. 

Fruit, below medium size, one and three quarter inches high, and two 
inches broad ; oblato-conical, or conical. Skin, smooth and shining, 
the side next the sun entirely covered with bright crimson, streaked 
with very dark crimson, and thinly strewed with greyish white dots ; 
but of a fine waxen yellow, streaked and dotted with broken streaks of 
crimson on the shaded side. Eye, small and closed, set in a wide, 
rather shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch 
long, inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity, which is lined with 



60 



BRITISH POjIOLOijy. ET< 




thin pale brown russet. Flesh, white, slightly tinged with red under the 

skin on the side next the sun, 
firm, crisp, and brittle, very 
juicy, with a sweet, brisk, and 
fine strawberry flavor. 

A very excellent dessert 
apple ; ripe in the end of Sep- 
tember and during October, 
at which season it is very 
common in Covent Garden 
Market. 

In some parts of Kent this 
excellent little apple is pro- 
duced in large quantities for 
the supply of the London mar- 
kets, but it is one which is not 
met with in general cultivation. 

79. CONTIN REINETTE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. vii., p. 339. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 645. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, somewhat resembling the old Non- 
pareil. Skin, deep dull yellow on the shaded side, and fine red where 
exposed to the sun. Flesh, yellowish, firm, highly flavored, and plea- 
santly acid. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality, peculiarly adapted for cultiva- 
tion in the northern districts of Scotland. It is in use during October 
and November. 

The tree is very hardy, an excellent and sure bearer, but a slender 
grower. 

It was raised by Sir George Stuart Mackenzie, Bart., of Coul, in Ros- 
shire, a gentleman who for a long series of years devoted his time and 
talents to the advancement of horticulture. 



80. CORNISH AROMATIC— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 181. Lind. Guide, 42. Down. Fr. 

Amer. 81. 
Stnonyme. — Aromatic Pippin. Bog. Fr. Cult. 87. 
Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 58. Kon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xix, f. 3. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and 
three quarters high ; roundish, angular, slightly flattened, and narrow- 
ing towards the eye. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, and covered 
with large patches of pale brown russet, which extend all over the base, 
and sprinkled with green and russety dots ; but of a beautiful bright 
red, which is streaked with deeper red, and strewed with patches and 
dots of russet on the side exposed to the sun. Eye small and closed, 
with long flat segments, which are reflexed at the tips and set in an 
irregular basin. Stalk short, inserted in a deep and narrow cavity 
which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, 
and highly aromatic. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. Gl 

A valuable dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from October to 
Christmas. 

The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer. 

81. CORNISH GILLIFLOWER.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 267. Lind. Guide, 67. Down. Ft. 
Auier. 102. 

Synonymes. — July -flower, Hort. Trans, vol. ii., p. 74. Cornish July-flower, Ibid. 

vol. Hi., p. 323. Calville d'Angleterre, Baum. Cat. Pomme Regelans, ace. Hort. 

Soc. Cat. 
Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 140. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xix, f. 4. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and the same in 
height ; ovate, angular on the sides, and ribbed round the eye, some- 
what like a Quoining. Skin, dull green on the shaded side, and brown- 
ish red streaked with brighter red on the side next the sun ; some parts 
of the surface marked with thin russet. Eye, large and closed, set in a 
narrow and angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, in- 
serted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich, and 
aromatic. 

This is one of our best dessert apples, remarkable for its rich and aro- 
matic flavor ; it is in use from December to May. 

The tree is hardy, and a free grower, attaining the middle size, but 
not an abundant bearer ; it produces its fruit at the extremities of the 
last year's wood, and great care should, therefore, be taken to preserve 
the bearing shoots. It succeeds well, grafted on the paradise stock, and 
grown as an espalier or an open dwarf. 

This valuable apple was brought into notice by Sir Christopher Haw- 
kins, who sent it to the London Horticultural Society, in 1813. It was 
discovered about the beginning of the present century, growing in a cot- 
tager's garden, near Truro, in Cornwall. 

The name July-flower is very often applied to this and some other 
varieties of apples, and also to flowers, but it is only a corruption of the 
more correct name Gilliflower, which is derived from the French Girofle, 
signifying a clove, and hence the flower which has the scent of that 
spice, is called Giroflier, which has been transformed to Gilliflower. 
In Chaucer's " Romaunt of the Rose," he writes it Gylofre. 

" There was eke wexyng many a spice, 
As Clowe Gylofre and liquorice." 

Turner writes it Gelower and Gelyfloure. The proper name, therefore, 
is Gilliflower, and not July-flower, as if it had some reference to the 
month of July. 

82. COSTARD.— Ray. 

Identification.— Raii Hist. ii. 1447. Laws. New. Orch. 32. Worl. Vin. 167. 
Synonymes. — Coulthard, in Lancashire. Prussian Pippin, Ibid. 

Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters, or three 
inches wide, and three inches and a quarter high ; oblong, but narrow- 
ing a little towards the eye, distinctly five-sided, having five prominent 



G2 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

ribs on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, and form 
ridges round the crown. Skin, smooth, dull yellowish green, strewed 
all over with embedded grey specks. Eye, partially closed with long 
acuminate segments, and set in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk, 
about a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a round, rather shallow, and 
narrow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, and with a brisk, 
and pleasant sub-acid flavor. 

An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality. It is in season from 
October to Christmas. 

The tree is hardy, a strong and vigorous grower, with strong downy 
shoots, and an abundant bearer. 

The Costard is one of our oldest English apples. It is mentioned 
under the name of " Poma Costard," in the fruiterers' bills of Edward 
the First, in 1292, at which time it was sold for a shilling a hundred. 
The true Costard is now rarely to be met with, but at an early period it 
must have been very extensively grown, for the retailers of it were 
called Costardmongers, an appellation now transformed into Costermon- 
gers. It is mentioned by William Lawson, in 1597, who, in his quaint 
style, says, " Of your apple-trees you shall finde difference in growth. 
A good Pipping will grow large, and a Costard-tree : stead them on the 
north side of your other apples, thus being placed, the least will give 
sunne to the rest, and the greatest will shroud their fellowes." 

Modern authors make the Costard synonymous with the Catshead, 
chiefly, I think, on the authority of Mr. George Lindley, who has it so 
in the " Guide to the Orchard ;" but this is evidently an error. All 
the early authors who mention both varieties regard them as distinct. 
Parkinson describes two varieties of Costard — the " Gray," and the 
" Greene." Of the former, he says, " it is a good great apple, some- 
what whitish on the outside, and abideth the winter. The Green Cos- 
tard is like the other, but greener on the outside continually." Ray 
describes both the Catshead and Costard as distinct, and Leonard Mea- 
ger enumerates three varieties of Costard in his list — the white, grey, 
and red ; but which of these is identical with that described above, it is 
difficult now to determine. 

Some etymologists, and Dr. Johnson among the number, consider this 
name to be derived from Cost, a head ; but what connection there is 
between either the shape or other appearance of this apple, and a head, 
more than any other variety, must puzzle any one to discover. Is it 
not more probable that it is derived from Costatus (Anglice, costate, 
or ribbed), on account of the prominent ribs or angles on its sides ? 
I think this a much more likely derivation. 

83. COUL BLUSH.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. vii., p. 340. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 184 
Mem. Cal. Hort. Soc. iv. 556. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and angular on the sides. A good 
deal resembling the Hawthornden. Skin, pale yellow, marked with dull 
red next the sun, and streaked and dotted with deeper red. Stalk, 
slender. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, brisk, and well-flavored. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 03 

An excellent culinary apple, in use from October to February. It is 
said to be of finer flavor than the Hawthornden, and to be even a good 
dessert apple. 

The tree is hardy, a strong, vigorous, and upright grower, and an 
abundant bearer. It is well suited for all northern and exposed 
situations. 

This is one of the varieties raised by Sir G. S. Mackenzie, Bart., of 
Coul, Rosshire. 

84. COURT OF WICK.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 187. Lind. Guide, 42. Down. Fr. 
Amer. 105. Rog. Er. Cult. 87. 

Synonymes. — Court of Wick Pippin, Fors. Treat. 98. Court de Wick, Hook. Pom. 
Lond. Rival Golden Pippin, ace. Ron. Vyr. Mai. Ery's Pippin, ace. Hort, Soc. 
Cat. Golden Drop, Ibid. Wick's Pippin, Ibid. Wood's Huntingdon, Ibid. 
Wood's Transparent, Ibid. Kingswick Pippin, Ibid. Phillip's Reinette, Ibid. 

Figure. — Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 32. Pom. Mag. t. 32. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xii 
f. 23. 

Fruit, below medium size ; oblato-ovate, regular and handsome. Skin, 
when fully ripe, of a fine clear yellow, with bright orange, which some- 
times breaks out in a faint red next the sun, and covered all over 
with russety freckles. Eye, large and open, with long, acuminate, and 
reflexed segments, set in a wide, shallow, and even basin. Stalk, short 
and slender, inserted in a smooth and even cavity, which is lined with 
thin russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, very juicy, rich, and highly 
flavored. 

One of the best and most valuable dessert apples, both as regards the 

hardiness of the tree, 
and the rich and deli- 
cious flavor of the fruit, 
which is not inferior to 
that of the Golden Pip- 
pin. It is in use from 
October to March. 

The tree attains the 
middle size, is healthy, 
hardy, and an abundant 
bearer. There is scarce- 
ly any description of soil 
or exposure where it 
does not succeed, nor 
is it subject to the at- 
tacks of blight and can- 
ker. It grows well on 
the paradise stock, producing fruit much larger than on the crab, but 
not of so long duration. 

This variety is said to have originated at Court of Wick, in Somerset- 
shire, and to have been raised from a pip of the Golden Pippin. It is 
first mentioned by Forsyth, but I have not been able to discover any 
facts relative to its history. 




04 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

85. COURT-PENDU PLAT.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 185. Down. Fr. Amer. 105. Gard. 
Chron. 1846, 100. 

Synontmes. — Courtpendu, Lind. Guide. 43. Court-pendu plat Rougeatre, Ron. Pyr. 
Mai. pi. xii. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 212. Court-pendu rond gros, Hort. Soc. 
Cat. ed. 1, n. 216. Court-pendu rond tres gros, Ibid. n. 218. Court-pendu rond 
rougeatre. Ibid. n. 317. Court-pendu rosat, Diel Kernobst. xii. 171. Court- 
pendu musquc, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 209. Court-pendu rouge musque, ace. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. Court-pendu rouge, Reg. Fr. Cult. 41. Courpendu vermeil, 
Inst. Arb. Fr. 154. Corianda Rose, Hort. Soc. Cat.ed. l,n.200. Rosenfarbiger, 
Kurtzstiel, Diel Kernobst. xii. 171. Courtpendu Rouge, Knoop Pom. 60, t. x. 
Courtpendu Rosaar, Ibid. 129. Reinette Courtpendu Rouge, Ibid. 129. Der 

♦ Rothe Kurzstiel, ace. Thomp. Rode Korpendu, Ibid. Pomme de Berlin, ace. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. Princess e Noble Zoete, Ibid. Garnons, Ibid. Woolaton Pippin, 
Ibid. Wise Apple, ace. Thomp. 

Figure. — Knoop Pom. t. x. Pom. Mag. t. 66. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xii. 

Fruit, medium sized ; oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, 
bright green at first on the shaded side, but changing as it ripens to 
clear yellow, marked with traces of russet, and russety dots ; but entirely 
covered with deep crimson, which is also marked with traces of russet 
on the side next the sun, extending even to some portion of the shaded 
side. Eye, open, with short segments, which are reflexed at the tips, and 
set in a wide, even, and deep basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a 
wide and deep cavity, lined with russet, which extends over a portion 
of the base. Flesh,' yellowish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, rich, and sugary, 
with an abundance of vinous and perfumed juice. 

A valuable dessert apple of the first quality ; in use from December 
to May. 

The tree is of small habit of growth, but very hardy and an abundant 

bearer. It is well 
adapted for espa- 
lier training when 
worked on the 
paradise stock ; 
and if grafted on 
the Pomme Para- 
dis of the French, 
it may be grown 
in pots, in which 
it forms a beau- 
tiful and interest- 
ing object when 
laden with its 
beautiful fruit. 
The bloom expands later than that of any other variety, and on that 
account is less liable to be injured by spring frosts, hence, according to 
Thompson, it has been called the Wise Apple. 

This is not the Capendu of Duhamel, as quoted by Lindley and Down- 
ing ; neither is it the Court-pendu of Forsyth and De Quintinye, that 
variety being the Fenouillet Rouge of Duhamel, see No. 123. The 
Courpendu of Miller is also a different apple from any of those just 




THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 65 

mentioned, and is distinguished by having a long and slender stalk, " so 
that the fruit is always hanging downwards." The name of this variety is 
derived from Corps pendu translated by some Hanging Body, whereas 
that of the variety above described, is from Court pendu, signifying sus- 
pended short, the stalk being so short, that the fruit, sits, as it were, 
upon the branch. The name Capendu or Capendua, is mentioned by 
the earliest authors, but applied to different varieties of apples. It is 
met with in Ruellius, Tragus, Curtius, and Dalechamp, the latter con- 
sidering it the Cestiana of Pliny. Curtius applies the name to a yellow 
apple, and so also does Ruellius ; but Tragus considers it one of the 
varieties of Passe-pomme, he says, " Capendua magna sunt alba et dulcia, 
in quorum utero semina per maturitatem sonant, Ruellio Passipoma apel- 
lantur." They are also mentioned by J. Bauhin, " Celeberrimum hoc 
pomi genus est totius Europae, sic dicta, quod ex curto admodum pendeant 
pediculo." 

86. COWARNE RED.— Knight. 

Identification and Figure. — Knight, Pom. Heref. t. 28. 

Fruit, of a pretty good size, a little more long than broad, but narrow 
at the crown, in which appear a few obtuse and undefined plaits. Eye, 
small, with very short converging segments of the calyx. Stalk, hardly 
half an inch long, very stiff and straight. Skin, a small part of it pale 
gold on the shaded side, and round the base, but of a bright red over a 
great part, and where fully exposed to the sun, of an intense, deep, pur- 
plish crimson ; there are numerous short streaks, which mark the shady 
part of the fruit. 

Specific gravity of its juice 1069. 

A cider apple, which takes its name from the parish of Cowarne, near 
Broomyard, in Herefordshire, where it was raised about the beginning 
of the last century, — Lindley. 

87. CRAY PIPPIN.— -Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v., p. 401. Lind. Guide, 27. 

Fruit, below medium size ; conical, and angular on the sides. Skin, 
pale yellow with a tinge of red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, 
set in an even basin. Stalk, short, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow, 
crisp, sweet, and highly flavored. 

An excellent dessert apple, ripe in October. 

This variety was raised at St. Mary's Cray, in Kent, by Richard 
Waring, Esq., and was exhibited at the London Horticultural Society, 
on the 15th of October, 1822. 



88. CREED'S MARIGOLD.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish. Skin, fine deep rich yellow on 
the shaded side ; but deep orange next the sun, and covered with beau- 
tiful red, which is striped with darker red, the whole marked with patches 

F 



GO BRITISH TOMOLOGY, ETC, 

of thin and delicate brown russet, and thickly strewed with dark russety 
dots. Eye, open, with broad flat segments, and set in a narrow, shallow, 
and regularly plaited basin. Stalk, short, set in a deep cavity, which is 
lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and richly 
flavored. 

An excellent dessert apple, in use during October and November, 
after which it becomes dry and meally but does not shrivel. 

This variety was raised from a seed of the Scarlet Nonpareil, by Mr. 
Creed, gardener, at Norton Court, near Faversham, in Kent. 

89. CREEPER.— H. 

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a quarter high, and 
about the same in width ; somewhat conical or roundish-ovate. Skin, 
smooth and shining, at first of a fine dark green on the shaded side, and 
entirely covered with red, which is thickly marked with broken streaks of 
darker red on the side next the sun ; but as it ripens, the shaded side 
changes to yellowish-green, and the exposed to crimson. Eye, open, set 
in a pretty deep basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in a shallow cavity. 
Flesh, white, tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored, with a slight 
aroma. 

A very good second-rate summer dessert apple ; ripe in September. 

This variety is very common in the Berkshire orchards. 

90. DARLING PIPPIN.— Lind. 

Identification.— Lind. Plan. Or. 1796. Lind. Guide, 68. 
Synonymes. — Darling, Bea Pom. 210. Raii Hist. ii. 1448. 

Fruit, of medium size ; oblato-conical. Skin, bright lemon yellow, 
thickly set with small embedded pearly specks. Eye, small, and placed 
in a shallow basin, surrounded with prominent plaits. Stalk, short and 
slender, not deeply inserted. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, and 
sugary, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor. 

A dessert apple of good quality ; in use from November to January. 

This is one of our old English varieties. It is mentioned by Rea, 
in 1665, who calls it " a large gold yellow apple, of an excellent, quick, 
something sharp taste, and bears well." It is also noticed by Ray as 
" Pomum delicatulum Cestriae." 



91. DEVONSHIRE BUCKLAND.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 97. 

Synonymes. — Dredge's White Lily, Fors. Treat. 99. White Lily, ace. Hort. Soc. 
Cat. ed. 3. Lily Buckland, Ibid. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a 
half hio'h ; roundish and flattened, with irregular and prominent angles 
on the sides. Skin, dull waxen yellow, strewed all over with minute 
russety dots, which are larger on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 67 

open, set in a plaited basin. Stalk, rather deeply inserted in a round 
cavity, from which issue ramifications of russet. Flesh, yellow, crisp, 
very juicy, brisk, sugary, and perfumed. 

A very excellent apple ; of first-rate quality as a culinary fruit, and 
suitable also for the dessert. It is in use from October to February. 

The tree is quite hardy, and an excellent bearer. 

92. DEVONSHIRE QUARRENDEN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 122. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 603. Down. Fr. 
Amer. 71. 

Synontmes. — Quarrington, Raii. Hist. ii. 1448. Devonshire Quarrington, Mort- 
Art. ii. 290. Red Quarentine, Miller and Sweet, Cat. 1790. Eed Quarenden, 
Hook. Pom. Lond. t 13, Lind. Guide, 6. Sack Apple, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 
n. 1012. Quarentine, in Devonshire. 

Figures.— Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 13. Pom. Mag. t. 94. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 7. 

Fruit, rather below medium size ; oblate, and sometimes a little 

angular in its outline. 
Skin, smooth and shining, 
entirely covered with deep 
purplish red, except where 
it is shaded by a leaf or 
twig, and then it is of a 
delicate pale green, pre- 
senting a clear and well- 
defined outline of the ob- 
ject which shades it. Eye, 
quite closed, with very 
long tomentose segments, 
and placed in an undu- 
lating and shallow basin, 
which is sometimes knob- 
bed, and generally lined 
with thick tomentum. 
Stalk, about three quarters of an inch long, fleshy at the insertion, 
deeply set in a round and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white tinged 
with green, crisp, brisk, and very juicy, with a rich vinous, and refresh- 
ing flavor. 

A very valuable and first-rate dessert apple. It ripens on the tree 
the first week in August, and lasts till the end of September. It is one 
of the earliest summer dessert apples, and at that season, is particularly 
relished, for its fine, cooling, and refreshing, vinous juice. 

The tree attains a considerable size, it is particularly hardy, and a 
most prolific bearer. It succeeds well in almost every soil and situation, 
and is admirably adapted for orchard planting. In almost every latitude 
of Great Britain, from Devonshire to the Moray Frith, I have observed 
it in perfect health and luxuriance, producing an abundance of well 
ripened fruit, which, though not so large, nor so early in the northern 
parts, still possessing the same richness of flavor as in the south. 

This is supposed to be a very old variety, but there is no record of it 
F 2 




68 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

previous to 1693, when it is mentioned by Hay; and except by Morti- 
mer, it is not noticed by any subsequent writer till within a very recent 
period. It seems to have been unknown to Switzer, Langley, and Miller ; 
nor do I find that it was grown in any of the London nurseries before 
the beginning of the present century. The only early catalogue in wbicli 
I find it is that of Miller and Sweet, of Bristol, in 1790. 



93. DR. HELSHAM'S PIPPIN.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. Guide, 8. 

Fruit, medium sized ; conical, more long than broad, eight or nine 
inches in circumference, a little angular on the sides. Eye, small, in a 
rather wide and oblique basin. Stalk, half an inch long, deeply inserted. 
Skin, yellowish-green, with several redish spots ; on the sunny side 
of a fine clear red. Flesh, white. Juice sweet, with a slight aromatic 
flavor. 

Ripe in August and beginning of September. 

The branches of this tree droop in the manner of a Jargonelle Pear. 
It is an abundant bearer and deserves cultivation. 

The original tree which is a large one, was raised by the late Dr. 
Ilelsham, and is now growing in the garden of Mr. Etheredge, of Stoke 
Ferry, in Norfolk. — Lindley. 

I have never met with this variety, but as Mr. Lindley recommends 
it as worthy of cultivation, and as it may be better known in Nor- 
folk than elsewhere, I am induced to insert, here with Mr. Lindley's own 
description. 

94. DOWELL'S PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 268. Lind. Guide, 27. Hort Soc. Cat. 
ed. 3, p. 13. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex. Skin, 
green, almost entirely covered with thin delicate russet, tinged with 
brownish red next the snn. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and 
rather deep basin. Stalk, short, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow, 
tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and finely flavored. 

A dessert apple in use from October to January. 

This variety was raised by Stephen Dowell, Esq., of Braygrove, Berk- 
shire, from a pip of the Ribston Pippin, to which it bears a close resem- 
blance both in shape and flavor. 

95. DOWNTON PIPPIN.— Knight. 

Identification. — Pom. Heref. Hort. Trans, vol. i.. p. 145. Lind. Guide, 28. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 217. Down. Fr. Amer. 82. 

Synonymes. — Elton Pippin, Fors. Treat. 135. Elton Golden Pippin, Salisb. Or. 
130. Knight's Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Knight's Golden Pippin, 
Ibid. St. Mary's Pippin, Ibid. Downton's Pepping, Diel Kernobst. v. B. 37. 

Figures.— Pom. Heref. t. 9. Pom. Mag. t. 113. 

Fruit, small, two inches broad, and an inch and three quarters high ; 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 69 

somewhat cylindrical, and flattened at the ends, bearing a resemblance 
to the Golden Pippin. Skin, smooth, of a fine lemon yellow color, and 
with a slight tinge of red next the sun, marked with a few traces of deli- 
cate russet, and strewed with numerous pale brown dots. Eye, large 
and quite open, with long, flat, acuminate segments, set in a wide, flat, 
and shallow basin. Stalk, slender, half-an-inch long, and inserted in a 
shallow cavity which is lined with delicate russet. Flesh, yellowish 
white, delicate, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a rich, brisk, vinous and 
somewhat aromatic flavor. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality, resembling the Golden Pippin 
both in size, shape, and color, as well as flavor. It is in use from 
November to January. 

The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, a most abundant 
bearer, and attains about the middle size. It may be grown as an open 
dwarf, and is well suited for espaliers. The fruit is also valuable for the 
cider it produces, the specific gravity of the juice being 1080. 

This excellent variety was raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., 
of Downton Castle, from the seed of the Isle of Wight Orange Pippin, 
impregnated with the pollen of the Golden Pippin, and the original tree 
is still in existence at Wormsley Grange, Herefordshire. 



96. DRAP D'OR.— Duh. 

Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 290. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 219. Down. 
Ft. Amer. 71. 

>Synonymes. — Vrai Drap d'Or, Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 290. Drap d'Or Vrai, Poin. Ami. 
Jard. i. 192. Bay Apple, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Bonne de Mai, Ibid. Gold- 
zaugapfel, Did. Kemobst. iii. p. 115. 

Figures. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, t. i. xii. 4. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxvi. f. 2. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two inches and 
three quarters high ; roundish, sometimes inclining to cylindrical, or 
rather oblato-cylindrical. Skin, smooth and shining, of a fine pale yel- 
low color intermixed with a greenish tinge, which is disposed in faint 
stripes extending from the base to the apex, on the shaded side ; but 
of a clearer, and deeper yellow on the side next the sun, the whole 
marked with patches of delicate, dark brown russet, and strewed with 
numerous russety dots ; sometimes there is a faint tinge of red on the 
side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, with acuminate segments, 
which are covered with white tomentum, and set in a wide, deep, irreg- 
ular and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, and somewhat fleshy, inserted 
in a wide, rather shallow, and smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, 
tender, crisp, and juic\, with a brisk, vinous, and sugary flavor. 

A pretty good apple of second-rate quality, more suitable for culinary 
purposes than the dessert. It is in use from October to Christmas. 

The tree is a healthy and free grower, attaining about the middle size, 
and is a free and early bearer, being generally well set with fruit buds. 
It requires a rich soil and warm situation. 

There is another apple totally different from this to which the name 
of Drap d'Or is applied. — See Fenouillet Jaunc. 







BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



97. DREDGE'S FAIR MAID OF WISIIFORD.— Fors. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 99. Hog. Fr. Cult. 55. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; oblato-cylindrical, with obtuse angles on the 
sides. Skin, yellow, covered with large patches and reticulations of thin 
brown russet, which is strewed with rougher russety freckles, and tinged 
with orange and a few streaks of red next the sun. Eye, rather large, 
with long acuminate segments, which almost close it ; and set in a wide, 
angular, and pretty deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow, angu- 
lar and smooth cavity, which is tinged with green. Flesh, yellowish, 
firm, brisk, juicy, sugary, and richly flavored. 

An excellent apple for culinary purposes, and even worthy of the 
dessert. It is in use from December to March. 

This, with the following variety, was either raised or first brought 
into notice, by a Mr. William Dredge, of Wishford, near Salisbury. In 
a letter dated November, 1802, which is in my possession, he writes to 
the late Mr. Forsyth with specimens of these varieties, and of this he 
says, " not in eating till Easter, great bearer, most excellent flavor." 

The tree is a free grower, attaining about the middle size, and is an 
excellent bearer. 

98. DREDGE'S FAME.— Fors. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 100. Eog. Fr. Cult. 51. 
Fruit, above medium size ; roundish, inclining to ovate, and furrowed 




round the eye. Skin, dul 



dingy yellow, with a tinge of green, covered 



thp: apple. — its varieties. 71 

with patches of thin russet, and large russety dots, particularly over the 
base ; and mottled with pale red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, 
closed, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, about three quarters of 
an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity which is lined with russet. Flesh, 
greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, brisk, and sugary, with a rich aromatic 
flavor. 

This is a valuable and very excellent apple, suitable either for dessert 
use, or culinary purposes. It is in use from December to March. In 
his letter to Mr. Forsyth, referred to above, Mr. Dredge says, " This is 
the best apple yet known ; in eating from Easter till Midsummer — most 
excellent." 

The tree is hardy, a vigorous grower, an early and abundant bearer, 
but according to Rogers, liable to be attacked by the woolly aphis ; 
still I have never found it more susceptible of that disease than most 
other varieties. 

There are several other varieties mentioned by Forsyth as seedlings 
of Dredge's, which I have not met with, as Dredge's Queen Charlotte, 
Dredge's Russet, and Dredge's Seedling. I have also in my collection, 
Dredge's Emperor and Lord Nelson, both of which are grown in the 
West of England, but I have not yet had an opportunity of seeing the 
fruit. It is, however, a question whether these are really seedlings of 
Dredge's or not ; there are several varieties to which he affixed his name, 
which have been ascertained to be identical with others that existed 
before him, such as Dredge's White Lily, which is synonymous with 
Devonshire Buckland, and Dredge's Beauty of Wilts, which is the same 
as Harvey's Pippin. Such instances tend to weaken our faith in the high 
encomium passed upon him, by Rogers, of Southampton, in the " Fruit 
Cultivator," and induce us to class him with those who not only change 
the name of some varieties, and append their own to others under the 
pretence of their being new, and seedlings of their own, but dispose of 
them at greater prices than they could have procured, had they been sold, 
under their correct names. We have but to glance over the Horticul- 
tural Society's Catalogue, or the Index to this work, to find numerous in- 
stances confirmatory of this statement. 



99. DUCHESS OF OLDENBURGH.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 221. Down. Fr. Amer. 82. Eon. Pyr. 
Mai. 12. 

Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. vi. f. 6. 

Fruit, large, about three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches 
and a half high ; round, and sometimes prominently ribbed on the sides 
and round the eye. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow on the shaded side, 
and streaked with broken patches of fine bright red, on the side next 
the sun, sometimes assuming a beautiful dark crimson cheek; it is 
covered all over with numerous russety dots, particularly round the eye, 
where they are large, dark, and rough. Eye, large and closed, with long 
broad segments, placed in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, long and 
slender, deeply inserted in a narrow and angular cavity. Flesh, yellow- 



n 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, tiTC. 



ish-white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a pleasant, brisk, and refresh- 
ing flavor. 

An excellent early dessert apple of the first quality ; ripe in the middle 
of August, and continues in use till the end of September. 

The tree is hardy, a free grower, and an excellent bearer. 

This variety is of Russian origin. 

100. DUKE OF BEAUFORT'S PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 14. Lind. Guide, 28. 

Fruit, medium sized ; conical, and angular on the sides. Skin, green, 
strewed with freckles of russet ; and streaked with red on the side ex- 
posed to the sun. Eye, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, short, 
inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, and tender, very 
juicy, and sub-acid. 

A culinary apple of second-rate quality ; in use from October to 
Christmas. 

101. DUMELOWS SEEDLING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. 529. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 224. Lind. 
Guide, 44. 

Stnonymes. — Dumelow's Crab, ace. Hort. Trans. Duke of Wellington, Hon. Pyr. 
Mai. 37. Normanton Wonder, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Winter Hawthornden, 
ace. Riv. Cat. Wellington's, Diel Kernobat. v. B. 55. Wellington's Reinette, 
Ibid. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xix. pi. 1. 
Fruit, large ; roundish and flattened. Skin, pale yellow, strewed with 




minute russety dots, and greenish embedded specks under the surface and 



THE APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 73 

with a tinge of pale red on the side next the sun, which is sometimes 
almost entirely covered with a bright red cheek. Eye, large and open, 
with broad, reflexed, acuminate segments, set in an irregular, uneven, 
and pretty deep basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a 
narrow, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, 
yellowish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, and very juicy, with a slight aromatic 
flavor. 

One of the most valuable culinary apples ; it is in use from November 
to March. 

The tree is one of the strongest, and most vigorous growers, very 
hardy, and an excellent bearer. The young shoots which are long and 
stout, are thickly covered with large greyish white dots, which readily 
distinguish this variety from almost every other. 

This excellent apple was raised by a person of the name of Dumeller, 
(pronounced Dumelow), a farmer at Shakerstone, a village in Leicester- 
shire, six miles from Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and is extensively cultivated in 
that, and the adjoining counties under the names of Dumelow's Crab. 
It was first introduced to the neighbourhood of London, by Mr. Richard 
Williams, of the Turnham Green Nursery, who received it from Gopsal 
Hall, the seat of Earl Howe, and presented specimens of the fruit to the 
Horticultural Society in 1820. It was with him that the name of Wel- 
lington Apple originated, and by which only.it is now known in the 
London markets. 

102. DUNCAN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p, 14 ? 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two 
inches and a half high ; conical, with ribs on the sides which terminate 
in irregular and unequal knobs round the eye. Skin, pale yellow in the 
shade ; but deep orange finely veined with rich deep crimson next the 
sun. Eye, partially closed with short, broad segments, and set in a 
deep, irregular, and prominently angular basin. Stalk, very short, set 
in a round cavity. Flesh, yellowish- white, crisp, juicy, and pleasantly 
acid. 

A handsome, showy, and very good culinary apple ; in use from 
November to January. 

103. DUTCH CODLIN.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 155. Lind. Guide, 29. Down. Fr 
Amer. 83. 

Synonymes. — Chalmers's Large, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. White Codlin of the Scotch 
Nurseries. Glory of the West, ace. Lind. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxvii. 

Fruit, very large, four inches wide, and three inches and a half 
high ; roundish, inclining to oblong, irregularly and prominently ribbed. 
Skin, pale green at first, but changing to pale yellow, with a faint tinge 
of red next the sun. Eye, small, and deeply inserted in a narrow and 



V4 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

angular basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a deep cavity. 
Flesh, white, firm, somewhat sugary, and pleasantly sub-acid. 

An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use during August 
and September. 

The tree is healthy and vigorous, and a good bearer. 

According to Lindley this variety is sometimes called Glory of the 
West, but that is quite a different apple, see No. 141. 

104. DUTCH MIGNONNE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv., p. 70. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 225. 
Lind. Guide, 44. Down. Fr. Amer. 107. 

Synonymes. — Christ's Golden Reinette, Lipp. Taschenb. p. 405. Reinette Doree, 
Mayer. Pom. Franc, t. xxx. but not of Knoop or Duhamel. Grosze oder dop- 
pelte Casseler Reinette, Diet Kernobst. iv. 140. Paternoster Apfel, Audibert. 
Cat. Pomme de Laak, ace. Pom. Mag. Stettin Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
Dutch Minion, Ron. Pyr. Mai. Hollaiidische Goldreinette, ace. Ditt. Handb. 

Figure.— Pom. Mag. t. 84. Ron. Pyr. Mai. t. xxvi. f. 1. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, even and handsomely shaped, narrow- 
ing a little to- 
wards the apex, 
where it is some- 
times slightly 
ribbed. Skin, 
dull greenish- 
yellow, marked 
all over with 
broken streaks 
of pale red and 
crimson, with 
traces of russet, 
and numerous 
russety dots, 
which are thick- 
est round the 
eye. Eye, small 
and closed, with 
short and point- 
ed segments, 
placed in a deep 
and narrow ba- 
sin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a round and deep cavity, which, 
with a portion of the base, is lined with rough russet. Flesh, yellow, 
firm, crisp, very juicy, rich, sugary, and aromatic. 

A very valuable and delicious dessert apple ; in use from December 
to April. 

The tree is hardy, a vigorous grower, and a very abundant bearer. 
It attains about the middle size when fully grown. The shoots are thickly 
set with fruit spurs. It is well adapted for dwarf or espalier training, and 
for these purposes succeeds well on the paradise stock. 




THE APPLE.— ITS VAKIETIES. 75 

105. EARLY HARVEST.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 228. Down. Fr. Amer. 72. Gard, 
Chron. 1845, p. 800. 

Synonymes. — Early French Reinette, Coxe. View. 101. July Pippin, Floy Lind. 
Prince's Harvest, ace. Coxe, Prince's Early Harvest, Prince Cat. Large Early, 
ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. July Early Pippin, Ibid. Yellow Harvest, Ibid. Large 
White Juneating, ace. Down. Tart Bough, Ibid. Prince's Yellow Harvest, 
ace. Gard. Chron. July Early Pippin, Ibid. Ponime d'Ete, of Canada, Ibid. 

Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; round. Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green 
at first, but changing to clear pale yellow as it ripens, and set with em- 
bedded white specks, particularly round the eye. Eye, small and closed, 
set in a round and shallow basin. Stalk, half an inch long, inserted in 
a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a 
quick and pleasantly sub-acid flavor, and as is justly remarked by Mr. 
Thompson, " closely approximates that of the Newtown Pippin, of per- 
fect American growth." 

An estimable and refreshing early dessert apple, of the first quality ; 
ripe in the end of July and the beginning of August. 

The tree is a healthy, and free, though not a vigorous grower, and an 
abundant bearer. It is well adapted for dwarf or espalier training when 
grown on the paradise stock, and ought to find a place in every collection 
however small. 

Though of American origin this variety succeeds to perfection in this 
country ; a qualification which few of the American apples possess. 

106. EARLY JULIEN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 267. Lind. Guide, 4. Rog. Fr. Cult. 32. 

Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, slightly flattened, and prominently 
ribbed from the eye downwards to the base. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, 
with an orange tinge next the sun, strewed all over with minute dots 
and a few whitish specks. Eye, closed with broad segments, and set in 
a deep, irregular, and angular basin. Stalk, short, not extending beyond 
the base, and inserted in a deep and angular cavity. Flesh, yellowish- 
white, crisp, very juicy, and with a brisk, pleasant, and refreshing flavor. 

An excellent early culinary apple, of first-rate quality, ripe in the 
second week of August. It might with propriety be called the Sum- 
mer Hawthornden, as it equals that esteemed old variety in all its 
properties. 

The tree is healthy and hardy, but not a large grower. It is, however, 
a good bearer, though not so much so as the Hawthornden, and is well 
adapted for growing as a dwarf. 

This variety is said to be of Scotch origin, but I cannot ascertain 
where, or when it was first discovered. It is not mentioned by Gibson, 
neither is it enumerated in the catalogue of Leslie and Anderson, of 
Edinburgh, or any of the Scotch nurserymen of the last century. It 
was first introduced to the south by the late Mr. Hugh Ronalds, of Brent- 
ford, who exhibited it at the London Horticultural Societv. 



76 



107. EARLY NONPAREIL.— Lind. 



Identification. — Lind. Plan. Or 1796. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 467. Liiul. 
Guide, 88. Rog Fr. Cult. 67. 

Synonymes. — Stagg's Nonpareil, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. New Nonpareil, Ibid. 
Summer Nonpareil, Ron. Cat. Hicks's Fancy, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 4. Lacy's Non- 
pareil, ace. Rogers. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. ii. f. 6. 

Fruit, medium sized ; somewhat oblato-ovate. Skin, dull yellow, 

covered with thin 
brownish grey russet, 
and marked with large 
russety dots. Eye, 
open, placed in a 
small, round, and ra- 
ther shallow basin. 
Stalk, half - an - inch 
long, inserted in a 
narrow, deep, and 
russety cavity. Flesh, 
yellowish-white, ten- 
der, crisp, juicy, and 
sugary, with a brisk 
and rich aromatic fla- 
vor, resembling the 
old Nonpareil. 

A delicious apple 
for the dessert, and of the first quality ; it is in use during October and 
November, after which it becomes dry and meally. 

The tree is a free and upright grower, perfectly hardy, an early and 
abundant bearer ; even in the nursery quarters it produces freely when 
only two years from the graft. It is well adapted for dwarf and espalier 
training, when grown on the paradise stock. 

This esteemed variety was raised about the year 1780, by a nursery- 
man of the name of Stagg, at Caister, near Yarmouth, in Norfolk. The 
name of Hicks's Fancy was given to it by Kirke, formerly a nursery- 
man at Brompton, near London, from the circumstance of a person of 
the name of Hicks, giving it the preference to the other varieties which 
were fruited in the nursery. An instance of the absurd system by which 
the names of fruits have been multiplied. 




108. EARLY SPICE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 786. 

Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, and somewhat angular. Skin, 
smooth, of an uniform pale yellow or straw color, and thinly strewed with 
greenish dots. Eye, small and open, with long, reflexed segments, and 
set in a small basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, deeply in- 
serted in a rather angular cavity, which is thickly lined with russet. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 77 

Flesh, white, tender, marrowy and very juicy ; with a pleasant, refresh- 
ing and sub-acid flavor. 

An excellent early culinary apple, which is well suited for baking, and 
is also good as an eating apple. It is ripe in the first week of August, 
but soon becomes woolly after being gathered. 

109. EARLY WAX.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2, p. 14. 
Synonyme. — Wax Apple, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 3. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. ii. f. 1. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches wide, and two inches and a half 
high ; oblong, and somewhat ribbed, particularly at the base. Skin, 
thick and membranous, of an uniform waxen yellow color. Eye, par- 
tially open, with long reflexed segments, and set in a moderately deep 
basin. Stalk, long and slender, inserted in a deep and angular cavity, 
from which issue prominent ribs. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender and 
soft, with a sweet and abundant juice. 

A dessert apple of ordinary merit, valuable only for its earliness, as it 
ripens in the first week of August, but does not keep any time. 

110. ELFORD PIPPIN.— M. 

Identification and Eigore. — Maund. Fruit, pi. 45. 

Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and the 
same in height ; roundish, inclining to ovate, and ribbed round the eye. 
Skin, yellowish-green, with markings of russet on the shaded side, but 
covered with red, which is striped with darker red on the side next the 
sun. Eye, large, and somewhat closed, with broad flat segments like 
those of Trumpington, placed in a rather deep and somewhat undulating 
basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, which is lined 
with delicate yellowish-brown russet. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, and ten- 
der, with a fine, brisk, sugary, and vinous flavor. 

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from Octo- 
ber to Christmas. The tree is a healthy and vigorous grower, and a 
good bearer. 

The Elford Pippin is supposed to have been raised at Elford, near 
Lichfield, where it is a very popular variety, and to which locality it is 
at present chiefly confined. 

111. EMPEROR ALEXANDER.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. ii., p.407. Lincl. Guide, 14. 

Synonymes. — Alexander, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 6, and ed. 3, n. 7. Phoenix Apple, 
Brook. Pom. Brit. Aporta, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Russian Emperor, Ibid. Kai- 
ser Alexander von Russland, Did Kernobst. 2 B. 65 . Aporta Nalivia, ace. 
Did Kernobst. 

Figures. — Hort. Trans, vol. ii. t. 28. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxv. f. 2. 
Fruit, of the largest size ; ovate. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow, with 



78 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

a few streaks of red on the shaded side ; and orange covered with streaks 
and patches of bright crimson on the side exposed to the sun, the whole 




strewed with numerous russety dots. Eye, large, and half open, with 
broad, erect, and acuminate segments, set in deep, even, and slightly 
ribbed basin. Stalk, an inch or more in length, inserted in a deep, 
round, and even cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish- 
white, tender, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a pleasant and slightly aro- 
matic flavor. 

A beautiful and valuable apple, both as regards its size and quality. 
It is more adapted for culinary than dessert use, but is also desirable 
for the latter were it only on account of its noble appearance at the 
table. It is in use from September to December. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, producing long stout shoots, 
is perfectly hardy and a good bearer. 

This apple was introduced to this country by Mr. Lee, nurseryman 
of Hammersmith, in 1817, and was exhibited by him at the London 
Horticultural Society ; the specimen produced being five inches and a 
half in diameter, four inches deep, sixteen inches in circumference, and 
weighed nineteen ounces. It is generally supposed that this was its first 
appearance in England ; but there can be little doubt that it is the 
Phoenix Apple figured by Brookshaw, whose account of it in 1808, is as 
follows : — " It was much grown fifty years back in the neighbourhood of 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 79 

Twickenham, but was rather lost. The late Mr. Ash, nurseryman at 
Strawberry Hill, near Twickenham, preserved it from his father, who 
had an old tree of it. This specimen came from that tree. This apple 
was seen in Russia by an English nobleman, who thought it so excellent 
an apple, that he was induced to send some trees of it to England, and 
what will appear extraordinary to English gardeners, they were taken up 
in the summer with their leaves on, when they could not be less than 
twelve years old by their appearance, and when they arrived, after being 
six months before they came to hand, they were planted and produced 
fruit, and are now fine trees. The apple has a bloom on it like a red 
plum when on the tree, and is a very excellent beautiful apple, ripens in 
October, and will keep through December. It is to be had at the late 
Mr. Ash's nursery, at Strawberry Hill, near Twickenham, under the 
name of Phoenix Apple, from its being lost and revived." 

112. ENGLISH CODLIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 176. Lincl. Guide, 29. Rog. Fr. 
Cult. 63. 

Synonymes. — Quodling Aust. Treat. 66. Codling. Rati Hist. ii. 1447. Old Eng- 
lish Codlin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 163. Common Codlin, Aber. Bot. Arr. ii. 312. 

Figure. — Lang. Pom. t. lxxiv. f. 3. 

Fruit, above medium size ; conical, irregular in its shape. Skin, pale 
yellow with a faint blush on the side exposed to the sun, Eye, closed, 
set in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short, stout, and rather deeply 
inserted. Flesh, white, tender, and agreeably acid. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in August and continues 
in use till October. 

The trees are excellent bearers, but in most orchards they are gener- 
ally found unhealthy, cankered, and full of the woolly aphis, a state pro- 
duced, according to Mr. Lindley, by their being raised from suckers, and 
truncheons stuck into the ground. In the " Guide to the Orchard," 
he says, " Healthy, 1 robust, and substantial trees are only to be obtained 
by grafting on stocks of the real Sour Hedge Crab ; they then grow 
freely, erect, and form very handsome heads, yielding fruit as superior 
to those of our old orchards, as the old, and at present deteriorated Codlin 
is to the Crab itself." This circumstance was noticed by Worlidge 
nearly two hundred years ago — " You may graft them on stocks as you 
do other fruit, which will accelerate and augment their bearing ; but 
you may save that labor and trouble, if you plant the Cions, Slips, or 
Cuttings of them in the spring-time, a little before their budding ; by 
which means they will prosper very well, and soon become Trees ; but 
these are more subject to the canker than those that are grafted." 

This is one of our oldest English apples, and still deserving of more 
general cultivation than is at present given to it. Formerly it consti- 
tuted one of the principal dishes in English cookery, in the shape of 
" Codlings and Cream." Ray says, " Crudum vix editur ob duritiem 
et aciditatem, sed coctum vel cum cremore lactis, vel cum aqua rosacea 
et saccharo comestum inter laudatissima fercula habetur." The name is 
derived from coddle, to parboil. 



80 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

113. ESOPUS SPITZENBURGH.— Coxe. 

Identification. — Coxe. View. 127. Down. Fr. Amer. 138. 

Synonymes. — iEsopus Spitzenberg, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 790. iEsopus Spitzen- 
burg, Ken. Amer. Or. 40. True Spitzenburgb, ace. Down. 

Figure. — Down.Fr. Amer. 138. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches high ; 
ovate, and regularly formed. Skin, almost entirely covered with clear 
bright red, and marked with fawn-colored russety dots, except on a por- 
tion of the shaded side, where it is yellow tinged and streaked with red. 
Eye, small and closed, set in a moderately deep and undulating basin. 
Stalk, slender, about an inch long, inserted in a wide, round, and deep 
cavity. Flesh, yellow, crisp, juicy, richly, and briskly flavored. 

A most excellent dessert apple ; in use from November to February. 

This is a native of the United States, and is there considered one of 
the best dessert apples. Along with the Newtown Pippin it ranks as one 
of the most productive and profitable orchard fruits, but like many, and 
indeed almost all the best American varieties, it does not attain to that 
degree of perfection in this country that it does in its native soil. The 
tree is tender and subject to canker, and the fruit lacks that high flavor, 
and peculiar richness which characterizes the imported specimens. It 
was raised at Esopus, on the Hudson, where it is still grown to a large 
extent. 

114. ESSEX PIPPIN.— Hort. 
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 239. 

Fruit, small ; round and flattened, somewhat oblate. Skin, smooth, 
green at first, but becoming of a yellowish-green as it ripens, and with a 
faint tinge of thin red where exposed to the sun. Eye, open, with long, 
reflexed, acuminate segments, placed in a shallow basin. Stalk, three 
quarters of an inch long, slender, inserted in a round and even cavity. 
Flesh, yellowish, firm, and crisp, with a brisk, sugary, and rich flavor. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality, nearly allied to the Golden Pip- 
pin ; it is in use from October to February. 

115. FAIR MAID OF TAUNTON.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 15 

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and an inch and three 
quarters high ; ovato-oblate, and rather irregularly formed. Skin, 
smooth and shining, thick and membranous, of a pale straw color, and 
with a faint of red on the side exposed to the sun ; thickly strewed 
all over with small russety dots. Eye, somewhat closed, with broad, flat 
segments, which are reflexed at the tips, and set in a shallow and plaited 
basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a wide cavity, which is lined with 
rough brown russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, very juicy, sweet, 
and though not richly yet pleasantly flavored. 

A dessert apple, but not of the first quality ; in use from November to 
February. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 81 

116. FAIR'S NONPAREIL.— Hon. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 469. 

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and two inches high ; ovate, 
even, and regularly shaped. Skin, tender, of a bright green color at first, 
but changing as it attains maturity, to a fine clear yellow without any 
tinge of red. Eye, closed, set in a shallow, and finely plaited basin. 
Stalk, inserted in a pretty deep cavity, which has sometimes a fleshy 
protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, fine, firm, crisp, and juicy, with 
a rich, refreshing, sugary, and vinous flavor. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to 
February. 

117. FAMAGUSTA.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 15. 

Fruit, medium sized, about two inches and three quarters wide, and 
two inches and a half high ; roundish-ovate, somewhat ribbed towards 
the eye. Skin, smooth, clear deep yellow, thinly strewed with large 
brownish russety dots, on the shaded side, and marked with patches and 
veins of thin, delicate, pale brown russet, and a faint tinge of red on the 
side exposed to the sun. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and even basin. 
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a narrow and shallow cavity, which 
is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, sweet, aqueous, and 
slightly perfumed. 

A culinary apple, in use from December to February. 

The Famagusta of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue cannot be the 
original Famagusta mentioned by Rea, Worlidge, and Ray, becau, e Rea 
says it is " a fair large early apple," which is confirmed by Wor. dge 
placing it " in the number of the best early apples." The name "e, 
therefore, now given to a variety different from that to which it was origi 
nally applied, but which may still be in existence in some parts of the 
country. 

118. FARLEIGH PIPPIN.— Lind. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 243. Lind. Guide, 68. Rog. Fr. 
Cult. 97. 

Synonyme. — Farley Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, n. 319. 

Fruit, medium sized ; oblong-ovate, and with prominent ribs on the 
sides, which terminate at the crown in bold ridges. Skin, yellowish- 
green on the shaded side ; and brownish-red where exposed to the sun. 
Eye, deeply set in an angular basin. Flesh, greenish, firm, rich, and 
sugary. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality; in use from January to April. 

The tree is a strong, vigorous, and upright grower, very hardy, and 
an abundant bearer. 

This variety originated at Farleigh, in Kent. 



82 BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

119. FEARN'S PIPPIN.— Hooker. 

Identification. — Flort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2, n. 245. Lind. Guide, 47. Fors. Treat. 102. 
Bog. Fr. Cult. 85. 

Synonymes. — Clifton Nonesuch, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Ferris Pippin, Ibid. Flo- 
rence Pippin, in Covent Garden Market. 

Figure. — Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 43. Pom. Mag. t. 67. lion. Pyr. Mai. t. xii. f. 2. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and flattened at both ends. Skin, 
pale greenish-yellow, streaked with dull red on the shaded side ; and 
bright dark crimson, strewed with grey dots, and small patches of russet 
on the side next the sun, and extending almost over the whole surface. 
Eye, large, partially open, with broad connivent segments, which are 
reflexed at the tips, and set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, a 
quarter of an inch, long, inserted in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh, 
yellowish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, sugary, and pleasantly flavored. 

An excellent apple, either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; it is 
in use from November to February. 

The tree is very hardy and a great bearer. It is only of late years 
that it has been brought into general cultivation, and now it is grown 
very extensively by the London market gardeners, for the supply of 
Covent Garden Market. 

120. FEDERAL PEARMAIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 540. 

Fruit, below medium size ; pearmain-shaped. Skin, yellowish on the 
shaded side ; with, a little red, and a few dark red streaks on the side 
next the sun ; the whole thickly covered with large russety dots, and a 
few patches of russet. Eye, set in a pretty deep and ribbed basin. 
Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a funnel-shaped and russety 
cavity. Flesh, fine and delicate, very juicy, with a rich, sugary, and 
vinous flavor. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in December, and continues 
till March. 

121. FENOUILLET GRIS.— Duh. 

Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 287. t. 5. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 246. 

Lind. Guide, 88. Down. Fr. Amer. 110. Diel Kernobst. iv. 117. Quint. Inst. 

i. 202. 
Synonymes. — Fenouillet, Knoop Pom. 52. t. ix. Fenellet, Lang. Pom. 134, t. lxxv. 

f. 1. Fenouillet, d'Or Gros, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Gros Fenouillet ace. Calvel. 

Petit Fenouillet, Ibid. Pomme d'Anis, ace. Merlet. Anis, Duh. Arb. Fruit. 

i. 287. George de Pigeon, ace. Knoop. 130. Graue Fenchelapfel, Diel Kernobst. 

iv. 117. Grauer Fenchelapfel. Anisapfel, Mayer Pom. Franc, t. xxxii. f. 55. 

Winter Anisreinette, Christ Handb. No. 116. 

Figure.— Nois. Jard. Fr. ed. 2, pi. 99. Poit. et Turp. 151. 

Fruit, small, about two inches and a quarter broad, and the same in 
height ; roundish-ovate, and broadest at the base. Skin, of a fine deep 
yellow color, like a Golden Pippin, but almost entirely covered with 
russet, which is brown on the shaded side, and grey where exposed 



THE APPLE. — IT'S VARIETIES. 83 

to the sun, mixed with a tinge of redish brown. Eye, small and open, 
set in a round, wide, and rather deep basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, 
inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, crisp, 
rich, sugary, and aromatic, partaking much of the flavor of Anise — hence 
the origin of one of the synonymes. 

An excellent dessert apple, and when well ripened is considered of 
first-rate quality by those who are partial to its peculiar flavor. It is in 
season from December to March, and at an advanced period becomes 
woolly. 

The tree is a small and slender grower ; but an abundant bearer. It 
requires a rich soil and warm situation, and succeeds well as a dwarf on 
the paradise stock. 

122. FENOUILLET JAUNE.— Duh. 

Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 290. Down. Fr. Amer. 109. Bon. Jard. 

Synonymes. — Drap d'Or, Knoop Pom. 59. Caracter Appel, Ibid. t. x. Pomme 
de Caractere, Ibid. 130. Reinette Drap d'Or, Ibid. 130. Embroidered Pippin, 
Lind Guide, 46. 

Figure. — Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 105. 

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three 
quarters high ; roundish, flattened, and broadest at the base ; even and 
regularly formed. Skin, fine bright yellow, marked with reticulations 
of pale brown russet. Eye, small and closed, set in a wide and pretty 
deep basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a deep and funnel-shaped 
cavity. Flesh, white, firm, sugary, and richly perfumed. 

A delicious little dessert apple ; in use from December to April. 

The tree is a free grower, quite hardy, and an excellent bearer ; but 
requires a light and warm soil. 

According to Knoop, this apple is called Pomme de Caractere, from 
the linear tracings of russet with which it is covered, being so disposed 
as to give it the appearance of being marked with letters or characters. 

123. FENOUILLET ROUGE.— Duh. 

Identification —Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 289. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 247. Lind. 
Guide, 47. Down. Fr. Amer. 109. Diel Kernobst. iii. 199. 

Synonymes. — Courtpendu, Quint. Inst. i. 202. Reinette Courtpendu, Knoop Pom, 
129. Courtpendu Gris, Ibid. 60. Reinette de Goslinga, Ibid. 129. Carpendy, 
Gib<*. Fr. Gard. 355. Petit Courtpendu Gris, Inst. Arb. Fr. 154. Bardin, Schab. 
Prat. ii. 88. Pomme de Bardin, Riv. et Moul. Meth. 191. Curtipendula Minora, 
Bauh. Hist. i. 23. Rothe Fenchelapfel, Diel Kernobst. iii. 199. Reinette Grisc 
de Champagne, ace. Bret. Ecole. 

Figure. — Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 99. Mayer Pom. Franc, tab. xxxiii. Poit. et 
Turp. pi. 67. 

Fruit, small, two inches broad and about the same in height ; round- 
ish, and a little flattened. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, but so entirely 
covered with dark grey russet as to leave none of the ground color visible, 
except that portion exposed to the sun, which is dark redish brown. 
Eye, large and closed, set in a wide and rather shallow basin. Stalk, 
about an inch long, sometimes obliquely inserted, by the side of a fleshy 
G 2 



84 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

prominence, in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, 
rich, sugary, and highly perfumed with the flavor of anise or fennel 

An excellent dessert apple ; in use from November to January. 

The tree is a small grower, but an abundant bearer, and requires a 
warm and rich soil to have the fruit in perfection. 

124. FILL-BASKET.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in 
height ; conical, round at the base, flattened at the apex, and distinctly 
angular on the sides. Skin, pale dull greenish-yellow on the shaded 
side, and streaked with broken patches and pencilings of pale red, 
where exposed to the sun, the whole covered with russety dots. Eye, 
closed, as if drawn together or puckered, placed level with the flat crown, 
and with a small knob or wart at the base of each segment. Stalk, three 
quarters of an inch long, thickest at the insertion, and placed in a small, 
round, and shallow cavity, which is surrounded with dark brown russet. 
Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy, and acid, with a brisk and pleasant 
flavor. 

An excellent culinary apple, extensively grown in the neighbourhood 
of Lancaster, where it is highly esteemed ; it is in use from October to 
January. 

This, which may be called the Lancashire Fill-basket, is very different 
from the Kentish variety of that name. 

125. FLANDERS PIPPIN.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two and a quarter high ; 
oblate, and marked on the sides with ten distinct angles, five of which 
are more prominent than the others. Skin, pale green, changing to pale 
greenish-yellow as it ripens, and occasionally tinged with a cloud of thin 
dull red on the side exposed to the sun, and thinly strewed with a few 
dots. Eye, closed, with long and downy segments, set in a narrow and 
ribbed basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to an inch in length, slender, 
and inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. 
Flesh, white, tender, and marrowy, juicy, and briskly flavored. 

A culinary apple of second-rate quality ; in use during October and 
November. 

It is much grown in the Berkshire orchards. 

126. FLOWER OF KENT.— Park. 

Identification. — Park. Par. 587. Raii Hist. ii. 1448. Fors. Treat. 101. Lind 
Guide, 14. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 254. Down. Fr. Amer. 83. Rog. Fr. 
Cult. 37. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xv. f. 2. 

Fruit, large ; roundish, and considerably flattened, with obtuse angles 
on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, where they form 
prominent knobs on the apex. Skin, greenish-yellow, thickly strewed 
with green dots on the shaded side ; but next the sun, dull red marked 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 



85 



with patches and streaks of livelier red, and dotted with light grey dots. 
Eye, large and open, with broad reflexed segments, and placed in a large 




angular basin, which is marked with russet. Stalk, an inch long, thick 
and strong, deeply set in an angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, 
crisp, and juicy, with a pleasant and briskly acid flavor. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to 
January. 

The tree is a pretty good bearer, one of the strongest and most vigor- 
ous growers, and consequently more suitable for the orchard than the 
fruit garden. 

This is a very old variety, being mentioned by Parkinson^ Leonard 
Meager, and Ray, but there is no notice of it in the works of any sub- 
sequent writer till the publication of Forsyth's Treatise. 



127. FLUSHING SPITZENBURGH.— Down. 
Identification. — Down. Fr. Araer. 139. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, narrowing towards the eye. Skin, 
entirely covered with deep red, which is streaked with deeper red, 
except on any small portion where it has been shaded, and there it is 
green, marked with broken streaks and mottles of red, the whole surface 
strewed with light grey russety dots. Eye, small and closed, very slightly 
depressed, and surrounded with plaits. Stalk, nearly an inch long, in- 
serted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, greenish, tender, sweet, 
juicy, and without any predominance of acid. 



86 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC;. 



An American dessert apple of little value ; in use from October to 
January. 

In the Horticultural Society's Catalogue this is made synonymous 
with Esopus Spitzenburgh, but it is quite a different variety. 

128. FOREST ST YRE.— Knight, 



iDENTiFicATio-Br.— Pom. Heref. pi. xlL 

Synonymes. — Stire, Marsh. Gloucest. ii. 251. 
Sty re, Lind. Guide, 104. 

Figure. — Pom. Heref. pi. xii. 



Hort. Soc. Cat. eel. 3, n. 799. Forest 



Fruit, below medium size ; roundish, inclining to oblate, regularly 
and handsomely shaped. Skin, pale yellow, with a blush of red on the 
side which is exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with short 
obtuse segments, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, 
inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, firm. 

Specific gravity of the juice from 1076 to 108 1. 

This is a fine old Gloucestershire cider apple, which is extensively 
cultivated on the thin limestone soils of the Forest of Dean. The cider 
that it produces is strong bodied, rich, and highly flavored. 

The tree produces numerous straight, luxuriant, upward shoots, like 
a pollard willow ; it runs much to wood, and in deep soils attains a con- 
siderable size before it becomes fruitful. 



Fruit, medium sized 



/ 




129. FORGE.— H. 

roundish, obscurely ribbed, and sometimes nar- 
rowing towards 
the eye, where it 
is angular. Skin, 
smooth and shin- 
ing, of a fine gold- 
en yellow color, 
strewed with mot- 
tles of crimson on 
the shaded side ; 
and dark red 
marked with 
patches of deep 
crimson on the 
side exposed to 
the sun ; some- 
times when much 
exposed to the 
sun the yellow 
assumes a deep 
orange tinge. 
Eye, small and 
closed, set in an angular basin. Stalk, very short, not a quarter of an 
inch long, inserted in a small, round, and shallow cavity, surrounded 




THE APPLE. ITS VAKIETIES. 87 

with thick russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, mellow, juicy, sweet, 
and finely perfumed. 

A beautiful and valuable apple, suitable either for the dessert, culi- 
nary use, or for the manufacture of cider. It is in use from October to 
January. 

The tree attains about the middle size, is perfectly hardy and healthy, 
and quite free from canker and disease. It is a most abundant and 
regular bearer. 

I am surprised that this beautiful apple has hitherto escaped the 
notice of pomologists, it being so universally grown, and generally 
popular, in the district to which it belongs. In the north-eastern parts 
of Sussex, and the adjoining county of Surrey, it is extensively culti- 
vated, and I believe there is scarcely a cottager's garden where it is 
not to be met with, nor is there a cottager to whom its name is not 
as familiar as his own, it being considered to supply air the qualifica- 
tions that a valuable apple is supposed to possess ; and although this 
judgment is formed in contrast with the other varieties grown in the 
district, nevertheless, the Forge is a useful and valuable apple, particularly 
to a cottager, whether we consider its great productiveness, its uses as a 
dessert and excellent cooking apple, or the excellent cider which it pro- 
duces. It is said to have originated at a blacksmith's forge near East 
Grinstead. 

130. FORMAT'S CREW.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 256. Lind. Guide, 69, Rog. Fr. 
Cult. 60. 

Figure. — Pom, Mag. t. 89. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half high, and two inches 
wide ; conical, and flattened at both ends. Skin, pale yellowish-green, 
with redish-brown on the side exposed to the sun, covered with pale, 
thin, yellowish-brown russet. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow and 
plaited basin. Stalk, short, not deeply inserted. Flesh, greenish- 
yellow, juicy, rich, and highly flavored, with much of the flavor of the 
Nonpareil and Golden Pippin. 

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it comes into use in 
November, and keeps till April. 

The tree is a great bearer, but tender and subject to canker. 

It is well adapted for dwarf training when worked on the paradise 
stock. 

This variety was raised by Thomas Seton Forman, Esq., Penny darron 
Place, near Merthyr Tydvil, Glamorganshire. 

131. FOULDEN PEARMAIN.— Lind. 

Identification.— Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 69. Hort. 
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 541. 

Synonyme. — Horrex's Pearmain, ace. Lind. in Hort. Trans. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half high, and about the 
same broad ; ovate. Skin, yellow in the shade, and clear thin red on 



88 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

the side exposed to the sun, strewed all over with small russety dots. 
Eye, small and open, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk, three 
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a round and moderately deep cavity. 
Flesh, yellowish, tender, very juicy, and briskly acid. 

An excellent culinary apple, and suitable also for the dessert ; in use 
from November to March. 

This variety originated in the garden of Mrs. Horrex, of Foulden, in 
Norfolk, and was first brought into notice by Mr. George Lindley, who 
communicated it to the Horticultural Society, March 7, 1820. 

132. FOXLEY.— Knight. 

Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 14. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3 t n. 258. Lind, 
Guide, 104. 

Figure.— Pom. Heref. t. 14. 

Fruit, growing in clusters of two or three together, very small, not 

much larger than a good sized cherry ; 
roundish, and sometimes a little flattened, 
and narrowing towards the crown. Skin, 
deep, rich, golden yellow on the shaded 
side ; and bright redish-orange on the 
side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and 
closed, not depressed, and surrounded 
with a few knobs. Stalk, about an inch 
long, inserted in a shallow cavity, which 
is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow. 
Specific gravity of the juice 1080. 
A valuable cider apple. 
This variety was raised by Thomas 
Andrew Knight, Esq., from the Cherry Apple, impregnated with the 
pollen of the Golden Pippin. It was named Foxley from the seat of the 
late Uvedale Price, Esq., in whose garden, where it had been grafted, it 
first attained maturity. Mr. Knight says, " there is no situation where 
the common Wild Crab will produce fruit, in which the Foxley will not 
produce a fine cider." 

133. FOX- WHELP.— Evelyn. 

Identification. — Evelyn Pom. Lind. Guide, 105. Fors. Treat. 101. Down. 
Fr. Amer. 146. Rog. Fr. Cult. 112. Worl. Vin. 162. 

Figure,— Pom. Heref. t. 3. 

Fruit, medium sized ; ovate, and irregularly shaped, with prominent 
angles on the sides. Skin, yellow and red, mixed with a good deal of 
deeper red streaked all over the fruit. 

Specific gravity of the juice 1076 when the fruit is healthy ; and when 
small and shrivelled it is 1080. 

The juice of this variety is extremely rich and saccharine, and enters 
in a greater or less proportion into the composition of many of the finest 
ciders in Herefordshire, to which it communicates both strength and 
flavor. 




THE APPLE.— ITS VARIETIES. 89 

This is one of the oldest of our cider apples, and is enumerated by 
Evelyn ; but is not so highly extolled as the Redstreak, and some other 
varieties. In Evelyn's " Advertisements concerning Cider," a "person 
of great experience," says " Cider for strength and a long lasting drink 
is best made of the Fox- Whelp of the Forest of Dean, but which comes 
not to be drunk till two or three years old. By Worlidge it was " es- 
teemed among the choice cider fruits." 

134. FRANKLIN'S GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 283. Fors. Treat. 101. Lind. Guide, 
15. Down. Fr. Amer. 83. Diel Kernobst x. 92. 

Synontme. — Sudlow's Fall Pippin, Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 217. 

Figure.— Pom. Mag. t. 137. Ron. Pyr. Mai, pi. xviii. f. 3. 

Fruit, medium sized ; oblato-ovate, even and regularly formed. Skin, 

of an uniform deep 
yellow, covered all 
over with dark spots 
interspersed with 
fine russet, parti- 
cularly round the 
apex. Eye, small, 
with long narrow 
segments overlap- 
ping each other, 
partially open, and 
set in a wide and 
deep basin. Stalk, 
short and slender, 
about half-an-inch 
long, inserted in a 
round, narrow, and 
smooth cavity. 
Flesh, yellow, ten- 
der, and crisp, very juicy, vinous, and aromatic. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to December. 
The tree does not attain a large size, but is vigorous, healthy, and 
hardy, and an excellent bearer. It is well suited for a dwarf or espalier, 
and succeeds well on the paradise stock. 

This is of American origin, and was introduced to this country by 
John Sudlow, Esq., of Thames Ditton, and first exhibited at the London 
Horticultural Society in 1819. 

135. FRIAR.— Knight. 

Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 30. Lind. Guide, 105. Salisb. Or. 126. 
Figure. — Pom. Heref. t. 30. 

Fruit, of good size ; somewhat conical, being broad at the base, and 
narrow at the crown. Skin, dark grass-green on the shaded side ; and 




90 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

dark muddy livid red where exposed to the sun. Eye, sunk, and sur- 
rounded by four or five obtuse but prominent ridges. Stalk, short and 
stiff, notwithstanding which the fruit is generally pendant. 

Specific gravity of its juice 1073. 

This is a cider apple cultivated in the north-west parts of Hereford- 
shire, where the climate is cold, and the soil unfavourable, and where pro- 
per attention is never paid by the farmer to the management of his cider, 
which in consequence is generally fit only for the ordinary purposes of a 
farm-house. — Knight. 

The trees are vigorous and productive. 

Mr. Knight says, " The Friar probably derived its name from some 
imagined resemblance between its color and that of the countenance of 
a well-fed ecclesiastic." 

1 36. FULWOOD.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 261. Lind. Guide, 48. 
Stnonyme. — Green Fulwood, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and a half 
high ; roundish, with broad irregular ribs on the sides. Skin, green, 
covered with broken stripes of dark dull red on the side next the sun. 
Eye, large and closed, moderately depressed, and surrounded with broad 
plaits. Stalk, short and slender, deeply inserted in a narrow and uneven 
cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, very juicy, briskly acid, and 
slightly perfumed. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to 
March. 

137. GANGES.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. Guide, 69. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 262. 

Fruit, large ; oblong and irregular. Skin, green, with a few specks of 
darker green interspersed ; and dashed with red on the sunny side. 
Eye, hollow. Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted, quite within the 
base. Flesh, pale yellowish-green, sub-acid, and of good flavor. 

A culinary apple ; in use from October to January. — Lindley. 

1 38. GARTER.— Knight. 

Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 26. Lind. Guide, 105. Salisb. Or. 125. 
Figure. — Pom. Heref. t. 26. 

Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, tapering from the base to the crown, 
perfectly round in its circumference, and free from angles. Skin, pale 
yellow on the shaded side ; but when exposed to the sun of a bright 
lively red, shaded with darker streaks and patches quite into the crown. 

Specific gravity of its juice 1066. 

Though this contains but a small portion of saccharine matter, it 
contributes to afford excellent cider when mixed with some of the older 
varieties. 



THE APPLE. — -ITS VARIETIES. 01 

139. GLORIA MUNDI.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 271. Down. Fr. Amer. 110. 

Synonymes. — Monstrous Pippin, Coxe View, 117. Baltimore, Hort. Trans.m. 120. 
Lind. Guide, 61. Glazenwood Gloria Mundi, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. New York 
Gloria Mundi, Ibid. American Gloria Mundi, Ibid. American Mammoth, IbicL 
Mammoth, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 13. Ox Apple, ace. Downing. Pomme Josephine, 
Poit et Turp. v. tab. 423. Pomme Melon, Ibid. Belle Josephine, Lelieur. Belle 
Dubois, arc. Dubrieul. Paternoster, Ibid. Rhode Island, Ibid. Hausmutter- 
chen, Teutsche G. Mag. ii. 453, t. 29. Menagere, Ibid. 

Figures. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. t. 4. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiv. f. 2. Poit. et 
Turp. tab. 423. 

Fruit, immensely large, sometimes measuring four inches and a half 
in diameter ; of a roundish shape, angular on the sides, and flattened 
both at the base and the apex. Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green, in- 
terspersed with white dots and patches of thin delicate russet, and tinged 
with a faint blush of red next the sun. Eye, large, open, and deeply set 
in a wide and slightly furrowed basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted 
in a deep and open cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh, 
white, tender, juicy, and though not highly flavored, is an excellent 
culinary apple. 

It is in use from October to Christmas. 

This variety is of American origin, but some doubts exist as to where 
it was first raised, that honor being claimed by several different locali- 
ties. The general opinion, however, is, that it originated in the garden 
of a Mr. Smith, in the neighbourhood of Baltimore, and was first brought 
over to this country by Captain George Hudson, of the ship Belvedere, 
of Baltimore, in 1817. It was introduced from America into France by 
Comte Lelieur, in 1804. But from the account given in the Allgemeines 
Teutsches Gartenmagazin, it is doubtful whether it is a native of Ame- 
rica, for in the volume of that work for 1805, it is said to have been 
raised by Herr Kunstgartner Maszman, of Hanover. If that account is 
correct, its existence in America is in all probability owing to its having 
been taken thither by some Hanoverian emigrants. At page 41, vol. iii., 
Dittrich has confounded the synonymes of the Gloria Mundi with 
Golden Mundi, which he has described under the name of Monstow's 
Pepping. 

140. GLORY OF ENGLAND.— H. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and over two inches and 
three quarters high ; ovate, somewhat of the shape of Emperor Alex- 
ander, ribbed on the sides, and terminated round the eye by a number 
of puckered-like knobs. Skin, dull greenish-yellow, with numerous 
embedded whitish specks, particularly round the eye, and covered with 
large dark russety dots, and linear marks of russet ; but on the side 
exposed to the sun it is of a deeper yellow, with a few broken streaks 
and dots of crimson. Eye, small and slightly closed, set in a shallow 
and puckered basin. Stalk, short and fleshy, inserted in a wide, deep, 
and russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, soft, juicy, sprightly, 
and slightly perfumed. 

An excellent culinary apple ; in use from October to January. 



92 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

141. GLORY OF THE WEST.— Diel. 

Identification. — Diel Kernobst* xii. 83. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two inches and 
three quarters high ; oblate, ridged and angular about the eye, and 
ribbed on the sides. Skin, smooth and shining, yellow, mixed in some 
parts with a tinge of green, and washed with thin clear red on the side 
next the sun ; the whole surface is strewed with minute russety dots, 
and several large dark spots, such as are often met with on the Haw- 
thornden. Eye, large, with long segments, and set in an angular basin. 
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is 
surrounded with a large patch of rough grey russet. Flesh, yellowish- 
white, firm but tender, very juicy, with a pleasant, brisk, and slightly 
perfumed flavor. 

A culinary apple of first quality ; it is in use the end of October and 
continues till Christmas. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attaining a great size, 
and is an excellent bearer. 

I had this variety from Mr. James Lake, of Bridgewater, and it is 
evidently identical with the Glory of the West of Diel, a name which, 
according to Lindley, is sometimes applied to the Dutch Codlin. The 
variety here described bears a considerable resemblance to that known 
by the name of Turk's Cap. 

142. GOGAR PIPPIN.— Fors. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 126. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 273. Lind. Guide, 
48. Nicol. Villa. Gard. 31. 

Synontme. — Stone Pippin, of some, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, obscurely angled, and slightly flat- 
tened. Skin, thick and membranous, pale green, strewed all over with 
small russety dots, and faintly mottled with a tinge of brownish-red next 
the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow, shallow, and plaited 
basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a very shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish- 
white, tender, juicy, sugary, and brisk. 

A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use from January to March. 

This variety is of Scotch origin, and is said to have originated at 
Gogar, near Edinburgh. 

143. GOLDEN HARVEY.— Knight. 

Identification. — Pom. Heref, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 275. Lind. Guide, 49. 
Down. Fr. Amer. 111. Bog Fr. Cult. 61. 

Synontmes. — Brandy, Fors. Treat. 95. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 45. Round Russet Har- 
vey, Rea Pom. 210. Worl. Vin. 159 ? 

Figures. — Pom. Heref. t. 22. Pom. Mag. t. 39. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 4. 

Fruit, small ; oblato-cylindrical, even and free from angles. Skin, 
entirely covered with rough scaly russet, with sometimes a patch of the 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 



93 



yellow ground color exposed on the shaded side, and covered with 
brownish-red on the side next the sun, Eye, small and open, with very 

short, reflexed segments, set 
in a wide, shallow, and slightly 
plaited basin. Stalk, half-an- 
inch long, inserted in a shal- 
low cavity. Flesh, yellow, 
firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, with 
an exceedingly rich and pow- 
erful aromatic flavor. 

This is one of the richest 
and most excellent dessert 
apples ; it is in use from De- 
cember to May ; but is very 
apt to shrivel if exposed to 
light and air as most russety 
apples are. 

The tree is a free grower, 
and perfectly hardy. It at- 
tains about the middle size and is an excellent bearer. When grown on 
the paradise stock it is well adapted for dwarf training, and forms a good 
espalier. 

Independently of being one of the best dessert apples, it is also one of 
the best for cider ; and from the great strength of its juice, the specific 
gravity of which is 1085, it has been called the Brandy Apple. 




144. GOLDEN KNOB.— Fors. 



Identification.— Fors. Treat. 104. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 279. Rog. Fr. 
Cult. 54. 

Synonyme. — Kentish Golden Knob, Nursery Catalogues. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 9. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and the 
same in height ; ovate, sometimes a little flattened, which gives it a 
roundish shape. Skin, pale green, becoming yellowish-green as it attains 
maturity ; much covered with russet round the base and on the shaded 
side ; but yellow, marked with streaks of a redish tinge, with crimson 
dots next the sun, and thickly strewed all over with large freckles of 
russet. Eye, open, generally with long segments, but in the roundish 
specimens they are short and stunted, and placed in a shallow basin. 
Stalk, very short, and quite embedded in the cavity. Flesh, greenish- 
white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, of a brisk, sweet flavor. 

A good dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; in use from December 
to March. 

The tree is hardy and a vigorous grower, producing enormous crops, 
and on that account extensively cultivated, particularly in Kent, for the 
supply of the London markets. Though a good apple it is one more 
deserving the attention of the orchardist than the fruit gardener. 



94 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

145. GOLDEN MONDAY.— Switz. 
Synonyme. — Monstow's Pepping, Ditt. Handb. iii. 41. 

Fruit, small, about two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ; 
roundish, inclining to oblate. Skin, smooth, pale grass green on the 
shaded side ; but fine clear golden yellow dotted with crimson dots, on 
the side exposed to the sun, and in some parts marked with ramifica- 
tions of very thin delicate brown russet, which generally issue from the 
basin of the eye. Eye, small, and rather open, with narrow, acute, and 
stiff segments, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, not 
a quarter of an inch long, quite embedded in a narrow, round, and rather 
deep cavity, which, with the base, is covered with very thick and rough 
scaly russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, not very juicy, sugary, brisk, 
and perfumed, not unlike the flavor of the Golden Pippin. 

A very excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from Octo- 
ber to Christmas. 

I do not know what the Golden Mundi of Forsyth is, which he describes 
as a fine handsome apple, beautifully streaked with red ; but that now 
described is the Golden Monday of the Berkshire orchards, and the same 
as has been cultivated in the Brompton Park nursery for upwards of a 
hundred years. 

The Golden Russet is sometimes called by the name of Golden Mon- 
day, but it is a very distinct variety from this. 

146. GOLDEN NOBLE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv., p. 524. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 280. 
Lind. Guide, 49. 

Fruit, large ; round, and narrowing towards the eye, handsome. Skin •> 
smooth, clear bright yellow, without any blush of red, but a few smaU 
redish spots and small patches of russet. Eye, small, set in a round and 
deep basin, surrounded with plaits. Stalk, short, with a fleshy growth 
on one side of it, which connects it with the fruit. Flesh, yellow, ten- 
der, with a pleasant acid juice, and baking of a clear amber color, per- 
fectly melting, with a rich acidity. 

A valuable culinary apple ; in use from September to December. 

This was first brought into notice by Sir Thomas Harr, of Stowe Hall, 
Norfolk, whose gardener procured it from a tree supposed to be the ori- 
ginal, in an old orchard at Downham, and communicated it to the Hor- 
ticultural Society of London, in 1820. 

147. GOLDEN PEARMAIN.— Fors. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 103. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 542. Lind. Guide, TO 
Synonyme. — Ruckman's Pearmain, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 755. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 6. 

Fruit, medium sized, about two inches and a half in diameter, and the 
same in height ; abrupt pearmain-shaped, irregularly ribbed on the sides, 
and uneven at the apex. Skin, pale yellow, strewed with patches of rus- 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 



95 



set, and covered with minute russety dots on the shaded side ; but deep 
redish orange, streaked with deeper color, and strewed with minute rus- 
sety dots on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, with 
reflexed segments, and set in a wide, deep, and angular basin. Stalk, 
slender, three quarters of an inch long, and obliquely inserted, with fre- 
quently a fleshy protuberance on one side of it, in a rather shallow cavity, 
which is lined with green russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, very juicy, 
sweet, and lacking acidity, which gives it a sickly flavor. 

An apple of second-rate quality, suitable either for culinary purposes 
or the dessert ; in use from November to March. 

The tree is an upright grower and a free bearer, but requires to be 
grown in good soil. 

In America this is esteemed as a cider apple. 



148. GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Evelyn. 



Raii Hist. ii. 1447. Switz. Fr. Gard. 135. 
Hort. Soc Cat. ed. 3, n. 281. Down. Fr. 



Identification. — Evelyn Pom. 
Pom. Heref. Lind. Guide, 16. 
Amer. 112. 

Synontmes. — Small Golding Pippin, or Bayford, Meag. Eng. Gard. 85. Barford 
Pippin, ace. Bail Hist. Russet Golden Pippin, Lang. Pom. 130, t. lxxix. f. 5. 
Balgown Pippin, Leslie and Anders. Cat. English Reinette, ace. West. Univ. 
Bot. iv. 139. Old Golden Pippin, Bog. Fr. Cult. 98. English Golden Pippin, 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. l,n. 382. London Golden Pippin, Ibid. 387. Herefordshire 
Golden Pippin, Ibid. 384. Milton Golden Pippin, Ibid. 388. Warter's Golden 
Pippin, Ibid. 394 . Balgone Pippin, Ibid. 35. Balgone Golden Pippin, ace. Ibid. 
ed. 3. Bayfordbury, ace. Ibid. ed. 3. American Plate, Bon. Pyr. Mai. 63, 
pi. xxxii. f. 2. Guolden Peppins, Quint. Inst. i. 202. Reinette d'Angleterre, 
Schab. Prat. ii. 88 Pepin d'Or, Knoop Pom. 54, tab. ix. Pomme d'Or, Huh. Arb. 
Fruit, i. 292, t. 7. Gelbe Englische Pipe, Meyen Baumsch. No. 14. Gold 
Pepping, Hiel Kernobst. ii. 69. Peppin d'Or, Knoop. Pom. tab. ix. Goud Pep- 
ping, Ibid. 131. Goudeling's Pepping, Ibid. Gulden Pipping, Ibid. Engelsche 
Goud Pepping, Ibid. Litle Pepping, Ibid. Koenings Peppeling, Hort. Soc. 
Cat. ed. 1, n. 527. 

Figures. — Pom. Heref. t. 2. Hook. Pom. Lond. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xviii. f. 5. 
Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 108. 

Fruit, small ; roundish, inclining to oblong, regularly and handsomely 

shaped, without inequalities 
or angles on the sides. Skin, 
rich yellow, assuming a deep 
golden tinge when perfectly 
ripe, \*ith a deeper tinge 
where it has been exposed 
to the sun ; the whole surface 
is strewed with russety dots, 
which are largest on the 
sunny side, and intermixed 
with these are numerous em- 
bedded pearly specks. Eye, 
small and open, with long 
segments, placed in a shal" 
low, smooth, and even basin. 
Stalk, from half-an-inch to an 
inch in length, inserted in a 




96 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

pretty deep cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, very juicy arid sugary, 
with a brisk, vinous, and particularly fine flavor. 

One of the oldest and by far the most highly esteemed of our dessert 
apples, and neither the BorsdorfFer of the Germans, the Reinette of the 
French, nor the Newtown Pippin of the Americans, will ever occupy in 
the estimation of the English the place now accorded to the Golden Pip- 
pin. It is also an excellent cider apple. The specific gravity of its juice 
is 1078. 

It is in season from November to April. 

The tree is a free and vigorous grower, but does not attain a great 
size. It is also an excellent bearer. 

When and where the Golden Pippin was first discovered, are now mat- 
ters of uncertainty ; but all writers agree in ascribing to it an English ori- 
gin, some supposing it to have originated at Parham Park, near Arundel, 
in Sussex. Although it is not recorded at so early a period as some others, 
there is no doubt it is a very old variety. It is not, however, the " Golding 
Pippin " of Parkinson, for he says " it is the greatest and best of all sorts 
of Pippins." It was perhaps this circumstance that led Mr. Knight to 
remark, that from the description Parkinson has given of the apples cul- 
tivated in his time, it is evident that those now known by the same 
names, are different, and probably new varieties. But this is no evidence 
of such being the case, for I find there were two sorts of Golden Pippin, 
the " Great Golding/' and the " Small Golding, or Bayford," both of 
which are mentioned by Leonard Meager, and there is no doubt the 
" Golding Pippin," of Parkinson, was the " Great Golding." Whether 
it was because it was little known, or its qualities were unappreciated, 
that the writers of the 1 7th century were so restrictive in their praises 
of the Golden Pippin, it is difficult to say ; but true it is whilst Pear- 
mains, Red Streaks, Codlings, and Catsheads, are set forth as the deside- 
rata of an orchard, the Golden Pippin is but rarely noticed. Ralph Aus- 
tin calls it " a very speciall apple and great bearer." Evelyn certainly 
states that Lord Clarendon cultivated it, but it was only as a cider apple : 
for he says " at Lord Clarendon's seat at Swallowfield, Berks, there is an 
orchard of 1000 Golden and other cider Pippins." In his Treatise on 
Cider he frequently notices it as a cider apple ; but never in any place 
that I can recollect of as a dessert fruit. In the Pomona, he says, 
" About London and the southern tracts, the Pippin, and especially the 
Golden, is esteemed ^br making the most delicious cider, most whole- 
some, and most restorative." Worlidge merely notices it as " smaller 
than the Orange Apple, else much like it in color, taste, and long keep- 
ing." Ray seems the first who fully appreciated it, for after minutely 
and correctly describing it, he says, " Ad omnes culinae usus praestan- 
tissimum habetur, et Pomaceo conficiendo egregium." De Quintinye's 
remarks are not at all complimentary. He says it has altogether the 
character of the paradise or some other wild apple, it is extremely yellow 
and round, little juice, which is pretty rich, and without bad flavor. 
But the Jardinier Solitaire, more impartial, or with better judgment, 
says, " son eau est tres sucree ; elle a le gout plus releve que la Reynette ; 
c'est ce que luy donne le merite d'etre reconnue pour une tres excellente 
pomme." The opinion of Angran de Rueneuve is also worth recording. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 97 

u La Pomrae d'Or est venue d'Angleterre ; on l'y apelle Goule-Pepin. 
J'estime qu'elle doit etre la Reyne des Pommes, et que la Reynette ne 
doit marche qu' apres elle ; car elle est d'un plus fin relief que toutes 
les autres Pommes." Switzer calls it " the most antient, as well as most 
excellent apple that is." But it is not my intention to record all that 
has been written in praise of the Golden Pippin, for that of itself would 
occupy too much space, my object in making these extracts being simply 
to show the gradual progress of its popularity. 

The late President of the London Horticultural Society, T. A. Knight, 
Esq., considered that the Golden Pippin, and all the old varieties of 
English apples, were in the last stage of decay, and that a few years 
would witness their total extinction. This belief he founded upon the 
degenerate state of these varieties in the Herefordshire orchards, and 
also upon his theory that no variety of apple will continue to exist more 
than 200 years. But that illustrious man never fell into a greater error. 
It would be needless to enter into any further discussion upon a subject 
concerning which so much has already been said and written, as there is 
sufficient evidence to confute that theory. The Pearmain, which is the 
oldest English apple on record, shows no symptoms of decay, neither 
does the Catshead, London Pippin, Winter Quoining, or any other variety ; 
those only having been alloived to disappear from our orchards, which 
were not worth perpetuating, and their places supplied by others infinitely 
superior. 

It is now considerably upwards of half a century since this doctrine 
was first promulgated, and though the old, exhausted, and diseased trees 
of the Herefordshire orchards, of which Mr. Knight spoke, together with 
their diseased progeny — now that they have performed their part, and 
fulfilled the end of their existence — may ere this have passed away, we 
have the Golden Pippin still, in all the luxuriance of early youth, where 
it is found in a soil congenial to its growth ; and exhibiting as little 
symptoms of decay as any of the varieties which Mr. Knight raised to 
supply the vacancy he expected it to create. 

In the Brompton Park Nursery, where the same Golden Pippin has 
been cultivated for nearly two centuries, and continued from year to 
year by grafts taken from young trees in the nursery quarters, I never 
saw the least disposition to disease, canker, or decay of any kind ; but, 
on the contrary, a free, vigorous, and healthy growth. 

But this alarm of Mr. Knight for the safety of the Golden Pippin, and 
his fear of its extinction, were based upon no new doctrine, for we find 
Mortimer a hundred years before, equally lamenting the Kentish Pippin. 
After speaking of manures, &c, for the regeneration of fruit trees, he 
says, " I shall be glad if this account may put any upon the trial of 
raising that excellent fruit the Kentish Pippin, which else, I fear, will 
be lost. For I find in several orchards, both in Kent, Essex, and Hert- 
fordshire, old trees of that sort, but I can find no young ones to prosper. 
A friend of mine tried a great many experiments in Hertfordshire, about 
raising them, and could never get them to thrive, though he had old 
trees in the same orchard that grew and bore very well. I likewise tried 
several experiments myself, and have had young trees thrive so well, 
as to make many shoots of a yard long in a year, but these young shoots 
H 



98 



"BRITISH "POMOLOGY, ETC. 



were always blasted the next year, or cankered ; which makes me think 
that the ancients had some particular way of raising them, that we have lost 
the knowledge of." Although this was written a hundred and fifty years 
ago, we have the Kentish Pippin still, which though not so much culti- 
vated, or so well known now as then, is nevertheless where it does exist 
as vigorous and healthy as ever it was. 



149. GOLDEN REINETTE.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 661. Lind. Guide, 50. Down. Fr. 
Amer. 129. Rog. Fr. Cult. 101. 

Synonymes. — Aurore, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 26. Dundee, Ibid. 289. Megginch 
Favorite, Ibid. 600. Princesse Noble, Ibid. 814. Reinette d'Aix, Ibid. 860. Rci- 
nette Giclen, Ibid. 888. Yellow German Reinette, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3 . 
Elizabeth, Ibid. Englise Pippin, Ibid. Wygers, Ibid. Court-pendu doree, Hort. 
Soc. Cat. ed. I, 206. Kirke's Golden Reinette, Rog. Fr. Cult. 102. Golden 
Renet. Rati Hist. ii. 1448. Golden Rennet, Lang. Pom. 134, t. lxxvi. f. 6. 
Fors. Treat. 103. Pomme Madame, Knoop Pom. 65, t. xi. Wyker Pipping, 
Ibid. 132. 

Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 69. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xii. f. 6. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and a little flattened. Skin, a fine deep 

yellow, which to- 
wards the sun is 
tinged with red, 
streaked with 
deeper and live- 
lier red, and dot- 
ted all over with 
russetydots. Eye, 
large and open, 
with short dry 
segments, and set 
in a wide and 
even basin. Stalk, 
half-an-inchlong, 
deeply inserted in 
a round and even 
cavity. Flesh, yel- 
low, crisp, brisk, 
juicy, rich, and 
sugary. 
A fine old dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from Novem- 
ber to April. 

The tree is healthy, vigorous, and an abundant bearer. It requires a 
light and warm soil, and is well adapted for dwarf training when worked 
on the paradise stock. Large quantities of this fruit are grown in the 
counties round London for the supply of the different markets, where 
they always command a high price. 

This variety has been long known in this country and esteemed as one 
of the finest apples. Worlidge, in 1676, says, " It is to be preferred in 
our plantations for all occasions." Ellis, in his " Modern Husband- 




THE APPLE, — ITS VARIETIES. 99 

man," 1744, says, " The Golden Rennet, when of the largest sort, may 
be truly said to be the farmer's greatest favorite apple, because when all 
others miss bearing, this generally stands his friend, and bears him large 
quantities on one tree." 

150. GOLDEN RUSSET.— Ray. 

Identification. — Raii Hist. ii. 1447. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,n. 740. Lind. Guide, 
89. Fors. Treat. 103. Rog. Fr. Cult. 105. Down. Fr. Amer. 132. 

Synontme. — Aromatick, or Golden Russeting, Worl. Vin. 156. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxix. f. 2. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high; ovate. Skin, thick, covered with dingy 
yellow russet, which is rough and thick on the shaded side, and round 
the base ; and sometimes with a little bright red on the side next the 
sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a prominently plaited basin. Stalk, 
very short, inserted in an uneven cavity, and not protruding beyond the 
base. Flesh, pale yellow, firm, crisp, sugary, and aromatic ; but not 
abounding in juice. 

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December 
to March. 

The tree is healthy and an excellent bearer, but requires a warm 
situation to bring the fruit to perfection. 

This is another of our old English apples. Worlidge calls it the Aroma- 
tick, or Golden Russeting, " it hath no compear, it being of a gold-color 
coat, under a russet hair, with some warts on it. It lives over the winter, 
and is, without dispute, the most pleasant apple that grows ; having a 
most delicate aromatick hautgust, and melting in the mouth." 

151. GOLDEN STREAK.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches 
and a quarter high ; ovate. Skin, fine clear yellow, marked all over with 
broken streaks of fine bright crimson. Eye, large and open, consider- 
ably depressed. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a russety basin. 
Flesh, yellow, brisk, and pleasantly flavored. 

A Somersetshire cider apple. 

152. GOLDEN WINTER PEARMAIN.— Diel. 

Identification. — Diel Kernobst. x. 174. 

Stnonymes.— King of the Pippins, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 383. Fors. Treat. 110. 
Lind. Guide, 31. Down. Fr. Amer. 88. Hampshire Yellow, Hort. Soc. Cat. 
ed. 1, 431. Hampshire Yellow Golden Pippin, Rog. Fr. Cult 86. Jones's 
Southampton Pippin, ace. Rogers. 

Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 117. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxviii. f. 4. 

Fruit, medium sized ; abrupt pearmain -shaped, broadest at the base. 
Skin, smooth, of a deep, rich, golden yellow, which is paler on the shaded 
side than on that exposed to the sun, where it is of a deep orange, marked 
H 2 



100 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

with streaks aud mottles of crimson, and strewed with russety dots. Eye, 
large and open, with long, acuminate, and reflexed segments ; and placed 
in a round, even, and rather deep basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch 
long, stout, and inserted in a rather shallow cavity, which is lined with 
thin pale brown russet mixed with a tinge of green. Flesh, yellowish- 
white, firm, breaking, juicy, and sweet ; with a pleasant and somewhat 
aromatic flavor. 

A beautiful and very handsome apple of first-rate quality, and suitable 
either for the dessert or for culinary purposes ; it is in use from the end 
of October to January. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, a most abundant bearer, and 
attains a considerable size. It is perfectly hardy, and will grow in almost 
any situation. 

This variety was first brought into notice by Mr. Kirke, a nursery- 
man, at Brompton, under the name of King of the Pippins. I have, 
however, thought it advisable to discontinue that name in connection 
with this variety, because Diel previously possessed and described it 
under the name of Golden Winter Pearmain, which is much more appro- 
priate ; and the name of King of the Pippins belongs to another and 
very distinct variety. — See JYo. 199. 

153. GOOSEBERRY.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 293. 
Fruit, very large ; roundish-ovate. Skin, smooth, deep lively green, 




with a brownish tinge where exposed to the sun ; strewed all over with 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 101 

minute russety dots, which are large and redish next the sun. Eye, open, 
with broad, flat, ovate segments, set in a deep and plaited basin. Stalk, 
three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep, round, and slightly 
russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, very tender, delicate, and mar- 
rowy, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly flavored, 

A culinary apple of the finest quality, and surpassed by none for the 
purpose to which it is applicable ; it is in use from October to January. 

This is a valuable apple to the market gardener, and is now exten- 
sively cultivated in the Kentish orchards, particularly about Faversham, 
and Sittingbourne, for the supply of the London Markets. This is a 
very different apple from the Gooseberry Pippin of Ptonald's Pyrus Malus 
Brentfordensis. 

1 54. GRANGE.— Knight. 

Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 7. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 295. Lind. Guide, 
106. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 6. 

Fruit, below medium size ; roundish, regularly and handsomely shaped. 
Skin, smooth, of a rich golden yellow, assuming a slight orange tinge next 
the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots. Eye, large and open, 
with broad, flat, and reflexed segments ; and scarcely at all depressed. 
Stalk, very short and fleshy, inserted in a wide and shallow cavity, which 
is tinged with green color and slightly russety. Flesh, yellow, firm, 
crisp, sugary, and briskly flavored. 

A very excellent apple either for the dessert or for the manufacture 
of cider ; it is in use from October to January. 

The specific gravity of its juice is 1079. 

The tree is perfectly hardy and an excellent bearer. 

This is one of the excellent productions of T. A. Knight, Esq. It 
was raised in 1791, from the seed of the Orange Pippin, impregnated 
with the pollen of the Golden Pippin, and introduced in 1802. The 
original tree is at Wormsley Grange, in Herefordshire. 



155. GRANGE'S PEARMAIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 
Synonyme. — Grange's Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and the same in height ; pearmain- 
shaped, as large, and very much the shape of the Royal Pearmain. 
Skin, yellow, with a tinge of green, and studded with embedded pearly 
specks, on some of which are minute russety points, on the shaded 
side ; but marked with broken stripes and spots of crimson, inter- 
spersed with large russety dots on the side exposed to the sun. 
Eye, partially closed with broad flat segments, set in a round, deep, 
and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, stout, and rather fleshy, in- 
serted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, ten- 
der, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. 

A fine large apple of first-rate quality as a culinary fruit, and also 



102 BRITISH TOMOLOGY, ETC. 

very good tor the dessert. It bakes beautifully, and has a fine and plea 
sant acid ; it is in use from November to February. 
The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer. 

1 56. GRAVENSTEIN.— Hort. 

Identification— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 297. Lind. Guide, 71. Hort. Trans, 
vol. iv. p. 216. Fors. Treat. 104. Down. Fr. Amer. 85. 

Synonymes.— Grave Slije, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Sabine, of the Flemings, Ibid. 
Griifensteiner, Diel Kernobst. viii. 8. Sickler Obstcjart. xxi. 116. 

Figures.— Hort. Trans, vol. iv. t. 21. Pom. Mag. t. 98. Ron. Pyr . Mai. pi. x. f. 1 . 

Fruit, above the medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and 
three quarters high ; roundish, irregular, and angular on the sides, the 
ribs of which extend from the base even to the eye. Skin, smooth, 
clear pale waxen-yellow, streaked and dotted with lively crimson, in- 
termixed with orange, on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, 
with long segments, which are a little reflexed, and set in an irregu- 
lar, angular, and knobbed basin, which is sometimes lined with fine 
delicate russet, and dotted round the margin with minute russety dots. 
Stalk, very short, but sometimes three quarters of an inch long, set 
in a deep and angular cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, very juicy, with a 
rich, vinous, and powerful aromatic flavor ; and if held up between the 
eye and the light, with the hand placed on the margin of the basin of the 
eye, it exhibits a transparency like porcelain. 

This is a very valuable apple of the first quality, and is equally desira- 
ble either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; it is in use from October 
to December. 

The tree is hardy, a vigorous and healthy grower, and generally a good 
bearer. It has somewhat of a pyramidal habit of growth, and attains a 
considerable size. 

Though not of recent introduction, this beautiful and excellent apple 
is comparatively but little known, otherwise it would be more generally 
cultivated. It is one of the favorite apples of Germany, particularly 
about Hamburgh, and in Holstein, where it is said to have originated in 
the garden of the Duke of Augustenberg, at the Castle of Grafenstein. 
The original tree is said to have been in existence about the middle of 
the last century. According to Diel some suppose it to be of Italian 
origin. 

157. GREEN TIFFING.— H. 

Synonyme. — Mage's Johnny, in Lancashire. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half high, and about the same 
in width ; conical, rounded at the base, and somewhat angular and 
ribbed on the sides and round the eye. Skin, smooth, green at first, 
but changing as it ripens to yellowish-green ; next the sun it is quite 
yellow, strewed with minute russety dots, and a few dots of red. Eye, 
small and closed, set in a shallow basin, and surrounded with prominent 
plaits. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, white, crisp, 
tender, very juicy, and pleasantly acid. 



THE APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 103 

A most excellent culinary apple ; in use from September to December. 
This is. an esteemed variety in Lancashire, where it is extensively 
cultivated. 

The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer. 

158. GREEN WOODCOCK. 

Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and a half 
high ; round, and somewhat flattened. Skin, green, changing to yellow 
on the shaded side, and dotted with a few grey dots ; but red, mottled 
with broad broken stripes of darker red on the side next the sun, which 
become paler as they extend to the shaded side. Eye, open, with long 
acuminate segments, deeply set in an angular basin. Stalk, short, in- 
serted in a shallow cavity, lined with rough russet, which extends over 
the base. Flesh, white, deeply tinged with green, tender, juicy, and 
briskly flavored. 

A culinary apple ; in use from October to Christmas. 

This variety is grown in some parts of Sussex particularly about Hails- 
ham and Heat hfi eld. 

159. GREENUP'S PIPPIN.— H. 

Synonyme. — Greenus's Pippin, of same Catalogues. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two and a half 
high ; roundish, broadest at the base, and with a prominent rib on one 




side, extending from the base to the crown. Skin, smooth, pale straw 
colored tinged with green, on the shaded side ; but covered with beautiful 
bright red on the side next the sun, and marked with several patches of 
thin delicate russet. Eye, closed, with long flat segments, placed in a 
round, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a 



1(M BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

wide cavity. Flesh, pale yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, and 
briskly flavored. 

An excellent apple, either for culinary or dessert use. 

In the northern counties it is a popular and highly esteemed variety, 
and ranks as a first-rate fruit. It is in use from October to December. 

The tree is hardy and healthy ; it does not attain a large size, but is 
an abundant bearer. When grown against a wall, as it is sometimes iu 
the North of England, and border counties, the fruit attains a large size, 
and is particularly handsome and beautiful. 

This variety was first discovered growing in the garden of a shoe- 
maker, at Keswick, named Greenup, and was first cultivated and made 
public by Clarke and Atkinson, nurserymen at that place about fifty 
years ago. It is now much cultivated throughout the border counties, 
and is a valuable apple where the more choice varieties do not attain 
perfection. 

160. GREY LEADINGTON.— Gibs. 

Identification. — Gibs. Fr. Gard. 354. Nicol. Villa. Gard. 31. Fors. Treat. III. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 401. 

Svnontmes. — Leadington's Grauer Pipping, Did Kernobsl. x. 144. Gray Lead - 
ington Pippin, Ibid. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in 
height ; oblong or conical, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, 
greenish-yellow, covered with cinnamon-colored russet, on the shaded 
side, and pale red when exposed to the sun ; the whole covered with 
whitish-grey dots. Eye, large and open, with long acuminate segments, 
and set in a rather deep basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a 
pretty deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, tender, very juicy, and of a rich, 
vinous, sugary, and aromatic flavor. 

An excellent apple of first-rate quality, desirable either for the dessert 
or for culinary purposes ; it is in use from September to January. 

The tree is a strong grower, vigorous, hardy, and an excellent bearer. 
It succeeds well as a dwarf on the paradise stock. 

This is a favorite apple in Scotland, where it ranks among the best 
dessert fruits. 

161. GROS FAROS.— Duh. 

Identification.— Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 385. Schab. Prat. ii. 90. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
ed. 3, n. 244. 

Synontme. — Faros, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ; 
roundish and flattened, broadest at the base, and narrowing towards the 
eye, sometimes slightly angled. Skin, smooth, pale greenish-yellow, with 
a few streaks of red where shaded ; and entirely covered with red, which 
is striated with deeper red where exposed to the sun. Eye, small and 
open, set in a narrow, round, and rather deep basin. Stalk, half-an-inch 
long, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined with dark brown 
russet. Flesh, greenish-white, crisp, firm, juicy, sweet, slightly acid, and 
perfumed. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 105 

A dessert apple of good but not first-rate quality ; in use from Decem- 
ber to March. 

The tree is healthy and vigorous, and a good bearer. 

162. HAGLOE CRAB.— Knight. 

Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 5. Fors. Treat. 106. Lind. Guide, 107. 

Fruit, small, two inches wide, and the same in height ; ovate, flattened, 
and irregularly shaped. Skin, pale yellow, streaked with red next the 
sun, and covered with a few patches of grey russet. Eye, open, with 
flat, reflexed segments. Stalk, short. Flesh, soft and woolly, but not 
dry. 

Specific gravity of its juice 1081. 

This is a most excellent cider apple ; the liquor it produces being 
remarkable for its strength, richness, and high flavor. It requires, how- 
ever, to be grown in certain situations ; a dry soil with a calcareous 
subsoil, being considered the best adapted for producing its cider in 
perfection. Marshall says, " It was raised from seed by Mr. Bellamy, 
of Hagloe, in Gloucestershire, grandfather of the present Mr. Bellamy, 
near Ross, in Herefordshire, who draws from it (that is, from trees grafted 
with scions from this parent stock) a liquor, which for richness, flavor, 
and pure on the spot, exceeds perhaps every other fruit liquor which 
nature and art have produced. He has been offered sixty guineas for a 
hogshead (about 1 10 gallons) of this liquor. He has likewise been offered 
bottle for bottle of wine, or spirituous liquors, the best to be produced ; 
and this without freight, duty, or even a mile of carriage to enhance its 
original price. 

163. HALL DOOR.— Fors. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 106. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 313. Hog. Fr. 
Cult, 57. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiii. f. 1. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three quar- 
ters high ; oblate, puckered round the eye. Skin, pale green at first, but 
changing to dull yellow, streaked with red. Eye, set in a wide and irregu- 
lar basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. 
Flesh, white, firm, but coarse, juic}', and pleasantly flavored. 

A dessert apple of ordinary merit; in use from December to March. 

164. HAMBLEDON DEUX ANS.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 202. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 83. 
Figure. — Ron Pyr. Mai. pi. xlii. f. 4. 

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high ; 
roundish, rather broadest at the base. Skin, greenish-yellow in the 
shade ; and dull red, streaked with broad stripes of deeper and brighter 
red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a rather 
shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, green- 
ish-white, firm, crisp, not very juicy, but richly and briskly flavored. 



10:') BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

One of the most valuable culinary apples, and not unworthy of 
the dessert ; it is in use from January to May, and is an excellent 
keeper. 

This variety originated at Hambledon, a village in Hampshire, where 
there are several trees of a great age now in existence. 

165. HANWELL SOURING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 219. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 319. 

Lind. Guide, 71. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxx. f. 4. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and three 
quarters high ; roundish-ovate, angular, or somewhat five-sided, and nar- 
rowing towards the eye. Skin, greenish-yellow, sprinkled with large rus- 
sety dots, which are largest about the base ; and with a faint blush of 
red next the sun. Eye, closed, set in a deep, narrow, and angular basin, 
which is lined with russet. Stalk, very short, inserted in an even funnel- 
shaped cavity, from which issue ramifications of russet. Flesh, white, 
firm, crisp, with a brisk and poignant acid flavor. 

An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use in December 
and keeps till March, when it possesses more acidity than any other 
variety which keeps to so late a period. 

It is said to have been raised at Hanwell, a place near Banbury, in 
Oxfordshire. 

166. HARGREAVE'S GREEN-SWEET.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a half high ; oblato-cylindrical, angular on the sides, with 
prominent ridges round the eye. Skin, yellow, tinged with green, on 
the shaded side ; but deeper yellow tinged with green, and marked 
with a few faint streaks of red next the sun, and strewed all over with 
small russety dots. Eye, half open, with linear segments, placed in a deep 
and angular basin, which is surrounded with ridges formed by the termi- 
nation of the costal angles. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slen- 
der, and inserted in a deep, round cavity, which is lined with rough 
russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet, and perfumed. 

A good dessert apple but lacks acidity ; it is in use during September 
and October. 

About Lancaster this is a well-known apple. The original tree, which 
is of great age, is still standing in the nursery of John Hargreave and 
Sons, hence it is called Hargreave's Green-Sweet. 

167. HARVEY APPLE.— Park. 

Identification. — Park. Par. 587. Aust. Orch. 54. Worl. Vin. 159. Raii Hist. ii. 
1448. Switz. Fr. Gard. 138. Lind. Guide, 72. 

Synonyme. — Doctor Harvey, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 208. 

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and about the same high ; ovate, and 



THE APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 107 

somewhat angular. Skin, greenish-yellow, dotted with green and white 
specks, and marked with ramifications of russet about the apex. Eye, 
small, very slightly depressed, and surrounded with several prominent 
plaits. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in an uneven and deep cavity. 
Flesh, white, firm, crisp, juicy, pleasantly acid, and perfumed. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality, well-known and extensively cul- 
tivated in Norfolk ; it is in use from October to January. 

The tree is large, hardy, and a great bearer. 

In the Guide to the Orchard, it is said, " When baked in an oven 
which is not too hot, these apples are most excellent ; they become 
sugary, and will keep a week or ten days, furnishing for the dessert a 
highly flavored sweetmeat." 

This is one of the oldest English apples. It is first mentioned by 
Parkinson as " a faire, greate, goodly apple ; and very well rellished." 
Ralph Austen calls it " a very choice fruit, and the trees beare well." 
Indeed it is noticed by almost all the early authors. According to Ray 
it is named in honor of Dr. Gabriel Harvey, of Cambridge, " Pomum 
Harveianum ab inventore Gabriele Harveio Doctore nomen sortitum 
Cantabrigiae suae deliciae." 

168. HARVEY'S PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 19. 

Synonyme. — Dredge's Beauty of Wilts, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Bog. Fr. Cult. 53. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, but 
washed with fine red on the side next the sun, and marked with crimson 
dots. Flesh, firm, crisp, juicy, and richly flavored. 

An excellent and useful apple either for culinary purposes or dessert 
use ; it is in season from December to February. 

The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer ; it attains above 
the middle size, and may be grown either as an open dwarf, or an espa- 
lier, when grafted on the paradise stock. 

169. HARVEY'S WILTSHIRE DEFIANCE.— H. 

Fruit, of the largest size ; conical, and very handsomely shaped, dis- 
tinctly five-sided, having five prominent and acute angles descending 
from the apex, till they are lost in the Ipase. Skin, fine deep sulphur yel- 
low ; of a deeper shade on the side which is exposed to the sun, and 
covered all over with minute russety dots, with here and there ramifying 
patches of russet. Eye, pretty large and open, with short ragged seg- 
ments, and set in a rather shallow and angular basin. Stalk, very short, 
about half-an-inch long, and not extending beyond the base, inserted in 
a round and deep cavity, lined with rough scaly russet, which branches 
out over a portion of the base. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and juicy, 
sugary, vinous, and richly flavored. Core, very small for the size of the 
apple. 

A very handsome and most desirable apple, being of first-rate quality, 
either as a dessert or culinary fruit ; it is in use from the end of Octo- 
ber to the beginning of January. 



108 



This variety seems to be comparatively little known ; but it is well 
deserving the notice either of the fruit gardener, or the orchardist ; to the 




latter particularly so, as its size, fine appearance, and handsome shape 
make it attractive at market ; and its solid and weighty flesh give it an 
advantage over many apples of its size. 



170. HAUTE BONTE.— Duh. 

Identification. — Dull. Arb. Fruit, i. 315. Quint. Inst. i. 203. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
ed. 3, n. 323. 

Synonymes. — Reinette grise, haute bonte, Bon Jard. 1843, 514. Blandilalie, in 
Poitou, ace. Quint. 

Figures. — Nois. Jard. Fr. ed. 2, pi. 106. Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. pi. xii. f. 1. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, somewhat ribbed on the sides, and 
flattened at both ends ; broadest at the base, and narrowing towards 
the apex, which is terminated by prominent ridges. Skin, smooth and 
shining, green at first, but changing to yellow as it ripens, and with a 
faint tinge of red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, half open, with 
long acuminate segments, set in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, half- 
an-inch long, inserted in a deep and irregular cavity. Flesh, greenish- 
white, tender, juicy, sugary, rich, brisk, and aromatic. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 109 

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality when grown to perfec- 
tion ; it is in use from January to May. 

This is a variety of the Reinette Grise, and a very old French apple. 

171. H A WTHORNDEN.— Hort . 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 324. Lind. Guide, 17. Down. Fr. 
Amer. 86. Hog. Fr. Cult. 26. 

Svnonymes. — Hawthorndean, Fors. Treat. 107. White Hawthorndean, Nicol. 
Gard. Kal. 256. Eed Hawthorndean, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat White Apple, ace. 
Nicol. Villa Gard. 30. 

Figure. — Hook Pom. Lond. t. 44. Pom. Mag. t. 34. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iv. f. 1. 

Fruit, varying very much in size, according to the situation and con- 
dition of the tree ; sometimes it is very large, and again scarcely attain- 
ing the middle size ; generally, however, it is above the medium size ; 
roundish and depressed, with occasionally a prominent rib on one side, 
which gives it an irregularity in its appearance. Skin, smooth, covered 
with a delicate bloom ; greenish-yellow, with a blush of red on one side, 
which varies in extent and depth of color according as it has been more 
or less exposed to the sun, Eye, small and closed, with broad and flat 
segments, placed in a pretty deep and irregular basin. Stalk, short, 
stout, and sometimes fleshy, inserted in a deep and irregular cavity. 
Flesh, white, crisp, and tender, very juicy, with an agreeable and plea- 
sant flavor. 

One of the most valuable and popular apples in cultivation. It is suit- 
able only for kitchen use, and is in season from October to December. 

The tree is very healthy and vigorous, and as an early and abundant 
bearer is unrivalled by any other variety. It succeeds well in almost 
every description of soil and situation where it is possible for apples to 
grow. 

This variety was raised at Hawthornden, a romantic spot near Edin- 
burgh, celebrated as the birthplace and residence of Drummond the 
poet, who was born there in 1585. I have never learnt at what period 
the Hawthornden was first discovered. The first mention of it is in the 
catalogue of Leslie and Anderson, of Edinburgh ; but I do not think 
it was known about London till 1790, when it was introduced to the 
Brompton Park nursery. 

172. HERMANN'S PIPPIN.— H. 

Stnonyme. — Grosser Gestreifter Hermannsapfel, Diel Kernobst. vii. 99 ? 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches broad, and the same in height ; 
roundish, and irregularly formed. Skin, yellow, tinged with green on 
the shaded side ; but striped and mottled with dark crimson on the side 
next the sun, and thickly strewed with russety dots round the eye. Eye, 
open, with long green acuminate segments, which are recurved at the 
tips, and set in a deep and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, short and stout, 
inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity, which is lined with rough 
grey russet, extending over almost the whole of the base. Flesh, yellow- 
ish-white, very tender and juicy, but with little flavor. 



110 BRITISH T0M0L0GY, ETC. 

An apple of very ordinary quality, which seems only suitable for culi- 
nary purposes ; it is in use from October to January. 

I received this variety from Mr. James Lake, of Bridgewater, and 
it seems to be so like the description of Diel's Grosser Gestreifter Her- 
mannsapfel, that I have adopted it as a synonyme. 

173. HOARY MORNING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 336. Lind. Guide, 18. Down. Fr. 

Amer. 113. 
Synonymes. — Dainty Apple, Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 234. Downy, Ibid. 275. Sam 

Rawlings, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 
Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 53. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxviii. f. 1. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three 
quarters high ; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular. Skin, yel- 
lowish, marked with broad pale red stripes on the shaded side ; and 
broad broken stripes of bright crimson on the side next the sun ; the 
whole surface entirely covered with a thick bloom, like thin hoar frost. 
Eye, very small, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted 
in a wide and round cavity. Flesh, yellowish- white, tinged with red at 
the surface under the skin, brisk, juicy, rich, and slightly acid. 

A beautiful and very good culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is 
in use from October to December. 

174. HOLLANDBURY.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 338. 

Synonymes. — Hollingbury, Fors. Treat. 107. Hawberry Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc 

Cat. ed. 3. Horsley Pippin, Ibid. Beau Rouge, Ibid. Bonne Rouge, Ibid. 

Howbury Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 467. Kirke's Scarlet Admirable, Bog. 

Fr. Cult. 38. Kirke's Schoner Rambour, Diel. Kernobst. v. B. 52. 
Figures. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xciii. f. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi xl. f. 2. 

Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters wide, and three 
inches high ; roundish and flattened, with irregular and prominent 
angles or ribs extending from the base to the apex. Skin, deep yellow, 
tinged with green on the shaded side ; but bright deep scarlet where 
exposed to the sun, generally extending over the whole surface. Eye, 
closed, with long acuminate segments, and set in a wide and deep 
basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity, 
which is generally lined with russet. Flesh, white, with a slight tinge 
of green, delicate, tender and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. 

A beautiful and showy apple for culinary purposes, but not of first-rate 
quality ; it is in use from October to Christmas. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, but not a very abundant 
bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise stock. 

175. HOLLAND PIPPIN.— Langley. 

Identification. — Lang. Pom. 134, t. lxxix. f. 1. Mill. Diet. Hort. Soc. Cat 

ed. 3, n. 339. Lind. Guide, 51. Down. Fr. Amer. 86. 
Synonymes. — Summer Pippin, ace. Down. Pie Pippin, Ibid. 

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high ; 



THE APPLE. TTS VAPJETIES. Ill 

roundish and flattened, with ribs on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow, 
with a slight tinge of pale brown where exposed to the sun, and strewed 
with large green dots. Eye, small and closed, set in a round, narrow, and 
plaited basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in a wide and deep cavity. 
Flesh, yellowish- white, firm, tender, juicy, sugary, and briskly acid. 

A valuable apple, of first-rate quality for culinary purposes ; it is in 
use from November to March. 

The tree is a strong grower, vigorous, healthy, and a good bearer. 

This is the Holland Pippin of Langley and Miller, but not of Ray or 
Ralph Austen, who make it synonymous with the Kirton Pippin, which 
Ray describes as being small and oblate, and the same as is called Broad- 
eye in Sussex. The Holland Pippin is a native of the Holland district 
of Lincolnshire, hence its name. 

176. HOLLOW CORE.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and three inches 

high; conical, irregu- 
lar in its outline, rib- 
bed, and distinctly 
four -sided ; at about 
four-fifths of its length 
towards the crown it 
is very much con- 
tracted and swells 
out again towards 
the eye, altogether 
very much resem- 
bling a codlin in 
shape. Skin, smooth 
and shining, pale 
grass green on the 
shaded side, and 
covered with a cloud 
of pale red next the 
sun, thinly strewed 
with dots, which are 
red on the exposed, 
and dark green on 
the shaded side. Eye, 
small and closed, set 
in a narrow, contracted, and plaited basin, which is surrounded with 
several small knobs. Stalk, green and downy, half-an-inch long, inserted 
in a narrow, close, and deep basin, which is quite smooth. Flesh, white, 
very tender and delicate, with a brisk, mild, and pleasant flavor. Core, 
very large, with open cells. 

An excellent culinary apple, with a fine perfume ; ripe in September. 
This variety is extensively grown in Berkshire, particularly about New- 
bury and Reading, whence large quantities are sent to London for the 
supply of Covent Garden Market. 




.1 1 ^ BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

177. HOLLOW CROWNED PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 341. Lind. Guide, 72. 
Synonyme. — Hollow-eyed Pippin, Fors. Treat 107. 

Fruit, medium sized ; oblato-oblong, the same width at the apex as 
the base, and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, pale green, becoming 
yellow at maturity, with a faint blush of red where it is exposed to the 
sun. Eye, large, and set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, thick, 
and curved, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, firm, juicy, sugary, 
and briskly acid. 

An excellent culinary apple ; in use from November to February. 

178. HOOD'S SEEDLING.— Ronalds. 

Identification and Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 5. 

This appears to me to be identical with the Scarlet Pearmain. The 
fruit is exactly the same, and not distinguishable from it. The only 
difference I can detect is, that the young trees are more strong and vigor- 
ous than that variety ; but the distinction is altogether so slight, that 
if not really identical, they are so similar as not to require separate 
descriptions. 

179. HORMEAD PEARMAIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 545. 

Synonymes. — Arundel Pearmain, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 744. Hormead Pippin 
Ibid. 462. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in 
height ; of the true pearmain-shape, regular and handsome. Skin, of an 
uniform clear yellow, strewed with brown russety dots. Eye, large and 
closed, with long segments, and set in a shallow and uneven basin. Stalk, 
very short and stout, deeply inserted. Flesh, white, tender, very juicy, 
and pleasantly acid. 

An excellent apple, of first-rate quality for culinary use, and suitable 
also for the dessert ; it is in season from October to March. 

180. HORSHAM RUSSET.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 89. 

Fruit, about the size of the Nonpareil, but not so regular in its out- 
line, generally about two inches and a quarter in diameter, and two 
inches deep. Eye, small and closed, in a small depression without 
angles. Stalk, short, rather thick, rather deeply inserted in a wide, 
uneven cavity. Skin, pale green, covered with a thin, yellowish-grey 
russet round its upper part, with a pale salmon-colored tinge on the 
sunny side. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp. Juice, plentiful, of a 
high aromatic Nonpareil flavor. 

A dessert apple ; in season from November till March. 

Raised from the seed of a Nonpareil about thirty years ago (1821), by 



THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 113 

Mrs. Goose, of Horsham St. Faith's, near Norwich. It is a very hardy 
tree, and a good bearer. 

1 80. HOSKREIGER.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 343. 
Synonyme. — Heidelocher, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
Figure. — Maund. Fruit, pi. 51. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three 
quarters high ; roundish and considerably flattened, almost oblate. Skin, 
of a fine grass-green, which changes as it ripens to yellowish-green, and 
marked with broad streaks of pale red, on the side next the sun, which 
is strewed with rather large russety freckles. Eye, small and open, with 
erect, acute segments, and placed in a rather deep, narrow, and undulating 
basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, funnel-shaped cavity, which is 
lined with pale brown russet. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, 
with a brisk and pleasant flavor. 

A first-rate culinary apple ; in use from November till March. 

The tree is a vigorous and healthy grower, and an abundant bearer. 

181. HUBBARD'S PEARMAIN.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 68. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 

n. 546. 
Synonymes. — Hubbard's, Fors. Treat. 108. Knsset Pearmain, ace. Fors. Treat. 

Golden Vining, ace. Pom. Mag. Hammon's Pearmain, ace. Riv. Cat. 

Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 27. 

Fruit, small ; ovate, and regularly formed. Skin, covered with pale 

brown russet, and where any 
portion of the ground color 
is exposed, it is yellowish- 
green on the shaded side, and 
brownish-red next the sun ; 
but sometimes it is almost 
free from russet, particularly 
in hot seasons, being then of 
an uniform yellowish-green, 
mottled with orange or pale 
red next the sun. Eye, small 
and closed, with short seg- 
ments, and set in a shallow 
basin. Stalk, short, about 
half-an-inch long, inserted 
in a round and even cavity. 
Flesh, yellow, firm, not juicy, 

but very rich, sugary, and highly aromatic. 

This is one of the richest flavored dessert apples ; it is in use from 

November to April. 

The tree is a small grower, but healthy, hardy, and an abundant 

bearer. 




114 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC*. 

Hubbard's Pearmain was first introduced to public notice by Mr. George 
Lindley, at a meeting of the London Horticultural Society in 1820. 
" This," says Mr. Lindley, "is a real Norfolk apple, well known in the 
Norwich market ; and although it may be found elsewhere, its great ex- 
cellence may have caused its removal hence. The merits of Hubbard's 
Pearmain as a table apple are unrivalled, and its superior, from the com- 
mencement of its season to the end, does not, I am of opinion, exist in 
this country." 

182. HUGHES'S GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Hooker. 

Identification.— Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 26. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 284. Lind. 
Guide, 18. Rog. Fr. Cult. 85. 

Synonyme.— Hughes's New Golden Pippin, Fors. Treat 108. Diel Kernobst, 
x. 97. 

Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 132. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xviii. f. 4.. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches 
high ; round, and flattened at both extremities. Skin, rich yellow, 
covered with large, green, and russety dots, which are thickest round the 
eye. Eye, open, with short, flat, acuminate segments, which are gene- 
rally reflexed at the tips, and set in a wide, shallow, and~plaited basin. 
Stalk, very short, and not at all depressed, being sometimes like a small 
knob on the flattened base. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, rich, brisk, 
juicy, sugary, and aromatic. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to 
February. 

The tree is hardy, and healthy, though not a strong grower, the 
shoots being long and slender. It is also an excellent bearer. 

183. HUNT'S DEUX ANS.— Hort. 
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 201. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches 
and a half high ; somewhat conical, irregularly formed, and angular. 
Skin, greenish, and covered with grey russet on the shaded side ; but 
redish-brown covered with grey russet, and large russety dots, on the 
side exposed to the sun. Eye, large, and open, with long, spreading, 
acuminate segments, placed in a deep, angular, and irregular basin. 
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, oblique cavity, and not 
extending beyond the base. Flesh, yellowish-white tinged with green, 
firm and leathery, juicy and sugary, with a rich and highly aromatic 
flavor, very similar to, and little inferior to the Ribston Pippin. 

A dessert apple of the first quality, whether as regards its long dura- 
tion, or the peculiar richness of its flavor : it is in use from December 
to March ; but according to Mr. Thompson — no mean authority — it will 
keep for two years. It may, however, be a question whether or not this 
is identical with the Hunt's Deux Ans of the Horticultural Society, which 
Mr. Thompson regards as only a second-rate fruit. If it is the same, the 
climate of Somersetshire, whence I had both trees and specimens of the 
fruit, is more adapted for bringing it to perfection than that of Chiswick. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAKIETIES. 115 

184. HUNT'S DUKE OF GLOUCESTER — Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 525. Lind. Guide, 90. Hort. Soc. Cat, 
ed. 3, n. 222. 

Fruit, below medium size ; roundish ovate. Skin, almost entirely 
covered with thin russet, except a spot on the shaded side, where it is 
green ; and where exposed to the sun it is of a redish-brown. Flesh, 
white tinged with green, crisp, juicy, and highly flavored. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to 
February. 

This variety was raised from a seed of the old Nonpareil, to which it 
bears a strong resemblance, by Dr. Fry of Gloucester, and received the 
name it now bears, from being sent to the Horticultural Society of Lon- 
don, by Thomas Hunt Esq., of Stratford-on-Avon, in 1820. Mr. Lindley 
gives Hunt's Nonpariel as a synonyme of Duke of Gloucester ; but it is 
a very distinct variety ; it was, however, a seedling raised by Mr. Hunt 
from the Duke of Gloucester, and is a very first-rate variety. 

185. HUNTHOUSE.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 347. Rog. Fr. Cult. 57. 

Fruit, of medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, by two 
inches and a half high ; conical, ribbed on the sides, and terminated at 
the apex, with rather prominent knobs. Skin, at first grass-green, but 
changing as it ripens to greenish-yellow ; where exposed to the sun it is 
tinged with red, and marked with small crimson dots and a few short 
broken streaks of the same color ; but where shaded it is veined with 
thin brown russet, particularly about the eye, and very thinly strewed 
with russety dots. Eye, large, half open, with broad flat segments, set 
in a narrow, and deeply furrowed basin. Stalk, an inch long, straight, in- 
serted in a very shallow cavity, sometimes between two fleshy lips, but 
generally with a fleshy protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, greenish- 
white, firm, tender, and with a brisk, but rather coarse and rough acid 
flavor. 

A useful culinary apple ; in use from December to March. 

Its chief recommendation is, the immense productiveness of the tree, 
which is rather small, with pendulous shoots, and extremely hardy ; 
it succeeds in exposed situations where many other varieties could not 
grow. Rogers says, "it is a tree of the third class in the orchard, and 
will answer well in exposed situations, trained as dwarfs or half-standards, 
it being equal in hardihood, and very fit to be planted along with the 
Grey Leadington." 

This variety was discovered at Whitby, in Yorkshire, where it is exten- 
sively cultivated. # 

186. HUTTON SQUARE.— H. 

Fruit, large ; roundish-ovate, and irregular in its outline, being much 
bossed on the sides, and knobbed about the eye and the stalk. Skin, 
smooth, dull greenish-yellow where shaded, and strewed with minute 

i 2 



1 1 



BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



russety dots ; but washed with dull red next the sun, and dotted with 
black dots. Eye, small and closed, placed in an angular and plaited 
basin. Stalk, short, deeply embedded in an angular cavity. Flesh, 
white, firm, crisp, sweet, briskly and pleasantly flavored. 




A valuable culinary apple of first-rate quality, and not unsuitable for 
the dessert, where a brisk and poignant flavored apple is preferred ; it is 
in use from November to March. 

This variety is extensively grown about Lancaster ; and is said to have 
originated at the village of Hutton, in that vicinity. 

The tree is an excellent bearer. 



187. IRISH PEACH.— Hort. 



Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 527. 
Amer. 74. 

Stnonymes. — Early Crofton, Hort. Trans, vol. viii. p. 32 

Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 100. Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. viii. f. 



Lind. Guide, 4. Down. Fr. 
Ron. Pyr. Mai 15. 



Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two 
inches and a quarte^r high ; roundish, somewhat flattened, and slightly 
angular. Skin, smooth, pale yellowish-green, tinged with dull redish- 
brown, and thickly dotted with green dots on the shaded side ; but fine 
lively red, mottled and speckled with yellow spots on the side exposed 
to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a rather deep, and knobbed 
basin, which is lined with thick tomentum. Stalk, short, thick, and 
fleshy, inserted in a pretty deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 117 

and crisp, abounding in a rich, brisk, vinous, and aromatic juice, which, 
at this season, is particularly refreshing. 

An early dessert apple of the finest quality. It is ripe during the first 
week in August, and lasts all through that month. It is a most beautiful, 
and certainly one of the most excellent summer apples, possessing all the 
rich flavor of some of the winter varieties, with the abundant and refresh- 
ing juice of the summer fruits. Like most of the summer apples it is in 
greatest perfection when eaten from the tree, which is hardy, vigorous, 
and an abundant bearer. 

188. IRISH REINETTE.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by two inches 
and a half high ; oblong, somewhat five-sided, with five ribs which extend 
from the base to the apex, where they run into the eye, forming five 
prominent ridges. Skin, yellowish-green, strewed with minute russety 
dots on the shaded side ; but dull brownish-red, almost entirely covered 
with large patches of dull leaden colored russet, on the side exposed to 
the sun. Eye, small and closed, placed in a ribbed and plaited basin. 
Stalk, short, inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity. Flesh, green- 
ish-yellow, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk, and poignant acid 
juice. 

A valuable culinary apple ; in use from November to February. 

This variety is much cultivated about Lancaster, and in the county of 
Westmoreland, where it is highly esteemed. 

189. ISLE OF WIGHT PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 360. Lind. Guide, 108. Rog. Fr. 
Cult, 82. Fors. Treat. 109. 

Synonymes. — Isle of Wight Orange, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 484. Orange Pippin, 
Pom. Heref. t. 8. Pomme d'Orange, Knoop Pom. 47, t. viii. Engelse Oranje 
Appel, Ibid. 171. 

Figures. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 4. Pom. Heref. t. 8. 

Fruit, small, two inches wide, by an inch and a half deep ; globular. 
Eye, slightly sunk, with broad acute segments of the calyx. Stalk, very 
short. Skin, yellowish-golden grey, with a russety epidermis, highly 
colored with orange and red next the sun. Flesh, firm and juicy, with 
a rich and aromatic flavor. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality, and also valuable as a cider fruit ; 
it is in use from September to January. 

The specific gravity of its juice is 1074. 

This is a very old variety, and is no doubt the " Orange Apple " of 
Ray and Worlidge. According to Mr. Knight, it is by some supposed 
to have been introduced from Normandy to the Isle of Wight, where it 
was first planted in the garden at Wrexall Cottage, near the Undercliff, 
where it was growing in 1817. There are several other varities of apples 
known by the name of" Orange" and " Orange Pippin," but they are 
all very inferior to this. 

The tree does not attain a large size, but is hardy, healthy, and an ex- 



118 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

eellent bearer. It succeeds well when grafted on the paradise stock, and 
grown as an open dwarf, or an espalier, 

190. ISLEWORTH CRAB.— Hort. 

Synonyme.— Brentford Crab, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 21. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, by the same 
in height ; conical. Skin, smooth, of a pale yellow color, with a deeper 
tinge where exposed to the sun, and covered with small redish-brown 
dots. Eye, small and open, with reflexed segments, set in a round and 
narrow basin. Stalk, slender, inserted in a deep, round, and even cavity. 
Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored. 

A pretty good culinary apple of second-rate quality ; in use during 
October ; but scarcely worth cultivation. 

1 91 . JOANNETING.— H. 

Synontmes. — Jennetting, Coles' Adam in Eden, 257. Juniting, Rea Pom. 209. 
Jeniting, Worl. Vin. 161. Ginetting or Juneting, Rail Hist. ii. 1447, 1. Junet- 
ing, or Jenneting, Switz. Fr. Gard. 134. Genneting, Lang. Pom. t. lxxiv. f. 2. 
Juneting, Fors. Treat. 109. Early Jenneting, or June-eating, Aber. Diet. White 
Juneating, Hort. Soc, Cat. ed.3, n. 374. Down. Fr. Amer. 78. Juneating, Lind. 
Guide, 4. Rog. Fr. Cult. 27. Owen's Golden Beauty, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 
717. Primiting, in Kent and Sussex. 

Figure.— Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. i, f. 3. 

Fruit, small ; round, and a little flattened. Skin, smooth and shining, 

pale yellowish-green in the shade ; 
but clear yellow, with sometimes 
a faint tinge of red or orange 
next the sun. Eye, small and 
closed, surrounded with a few 
small plaits, and set in a very shal- 
low basin. Stalk, an inch long, 
slender, and inserted in a shallow 
cavity, which is lined with deli- 
cate russet. Flesh, white, crisp, 
brisk, and juicy, with a vinous and 
slightly perfumed flavor, but be- 
coming meally and tasteless, if 
kept only a few days after being 
gathered. 

This is the earliest apple of the year, the first of Pomona's autumnal 
offerings ; it is in greatest perfection when gathered off the tree, or im- 
mediately afterwards, as it very soon becomes dry and meally. 

The tree does not attain a large size, but is hardy and healthy. It is 
not a great bearer, which may, in a great measure, account for it not 
being so generally cultivated, as its earliness would recommend it to be. 
If worked on the paradise stock it may be grown in pots, when the fruit 
will not only be produced earlier, but in greater abundance than on the 
crab, or free stock. 




THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 119 

This is one of our oldest apples, and although generally known and 
popular, seems to have escaped the notice of Miller, who does not even 
mention it any of the editions of his dictionary. As I have doubts of 
this being the Geneting of Parkinson — his figure being evidently in- 
tended for the Margaret, which in some districts is called Joanneting — 
the first mention we have of this variety is by Rea, in 1665, who 
describes it as " a small, yellow, red-sided apple, upon a wall, ripe in 
the end of June." 

The orthography which I have adopted in the nomenclature of this 
apple may, to some, at first sight, seem strange ; but I am nevertheless 
persuaded it is the correct one. The different forms in which it has 
been written will be found in the synonymes given above, none of which 
afford any assistance as to the derivation or signification of the name. 
Abercrombie was the first who wrote it June-eating, as if in allusion to 
the period of its maturity, which is, however, not till the end of July. 
Dr. Johnson, in his Dictionary, writes it Gineting, and says it is a cor- 
ruption of Janeton (Fr.) signifying Jane or Janet, having been so called 
from a person of that name. Ray a says, " Pomum Ginettinum, quod 
unde dictum sit me latet." Indeed there does not seem ever to have 
been a correct definition given of it. 

In the middle ages, it was customary to make the festivals of the 
church, or saint's days, periods on which occurrences were to take place, 
or from which events were dated. Even in the present day, we hear the 
country people talking of some crop to be sown, or some other to be 
planted at Michaelmas, St. Martin's, or Saint Andrew's-tide. It was 
also the practice, during the reign of Popery in this country, as is still 
the case in all Roman Catholic countries, for parents to dedicate their 
children to some particular saint, as Jean Baptiste, on the recurrence of 
whose festival, all who are so named keep it as a holiday. So it was also 
in regard to fruits, which were named after the day about which they 
came to maturity. Thus, we have the Margaret Apple, so called from being 
ripe about St. Margaret's day — the 20th of July. The Magdalene, or 
Maudlin, from St. Magdalene's day — the 22nd of July. And in Curtius b 
we find the Joannina, so called, " Quod circa divi Joannis Baptistae nativi- 
tatem esui sint." These are also noticed by J. B. Porta ; he says, " Est 
genus alterum quod quia circa festum Divi Joannis maturiscit, vulgus 
Melo de San Giovanni dicitur." And according to Tragus, " Quae apud 
nos prima maturantur, Sanct Johans Opffel, Latine, Praecocia mala 
dicuntur." 

We see, therefore, that they were called Joannina, because they ripened 
about St. John's Day. We have also among the old French pears Amire 
Joannet — the Admired, or Wonderful Little John, which Merlet informs 
us was so called, because it ripened about St. John's Day. If then we 
add to Joannet the termination ing, so general among our names of 
apples, we have Joanneting. There can be no doubt that this is the cor- 
rect derivation, and signification of the name of this apple, and although 
the orthography may for a time appear singular, it will in the course of 
usage become as familiar as the other forms in which it as been written. 

a Hist. Plant, ii. 1447. b Hortorum, p. 522. o Hist. p. 104;j. 



ISO BRITISH POMOLOGY, fctfC. 

192. KEEPING RED-STREAK.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 627. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, flattened, angular on the sides. Skin T 
green at first, changing to greenish-yellow, and striped with red on the 
shaded side ; but entirely covered with dark red on the side next the sun, 
marked with russet, and numerous grey dots. Eye, open, set in a shal- 
low and undulating basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a narrow and 
shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish - yellow, firm, brisk, and pleasantly 
flavored. 

A culinary apple ; in use from December to April. 

193. KEEPING RUSSET.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and five eighths wide, and two inches 
and a quarter high ; roundish. Skin, entirely covered with thin, pale 
yellowish-brown russet, like the Golden Russet, and occasionally with a 
bright, varnished, fiery-red cheek on the side next the sun, which is 
sometimes more distinct than at others. Eye, open, set in a round and 
plaited basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a rather shallow cavity. 
Flesh, yellow, firm, juicy, and sugary, with a particularly rich, mellow 
flavor, equal to, and even surpassing that of the Ribston Pippin. 

A delicious dessert apple, of first-rate quality : in use from October to 
January, and, under favorable circumstances, will even keep till March. 

This is an apple which is very little known, and does not seem at all 
to be in general cultivation. I obtained it from the private garden of the 
late Mr. James Lee, at Hammersmith. It certainly deserves greater 
publicity. 

194. KENTISH FILL- BASKET.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 377. Down. Fr. Amer. 114. 

Svnonymes.— Lady de Grey's, Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 532. Kentish Pippin, of 
some. 

Fiolke. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. ix. f. 1. 

Fruit, very large, four inches wide, and three inches and a quarter 
high ; roundish, irregular, and slightly ribbed. Skin, smooth, yellowish- 
green in the shade, and pale yellow with a redish-brown blush, which is 
streaked with deeper red, on the side next the sun. Eye, large, set in a 
wide and irregular basin. Flesh, tender and juicy, with a brisk and 
pleasant flavor. 

This is an excellent culinary apple, of first-rate quality, in use from 
November to January. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attaining a large size, and is 
an abundant bearer. 

This is not the Kentish Fill-basket of Miller and Forsyth, nor yet of 
Rogers ; the variety described under this name by these writers being 
evidently the Kentish Codlin. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 



121 



195. KENTISH PIPPIN.— Ray. 



Identification. — Raii. Hist. ii. 1448. 
73. Rog. Fr. Cult. 92. 

Synonymes. — Red Kentish Pippin, Diel Kernobst. viii. 121 
Pepping, Ibid. Vaun's Pippin, ace. Riv. Cat. 



Hort. Soc. Cat. erf. 3, n. 378. Lind. Guide, 
Rother Kentischer 



Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two 
inches and a half high ; conical and slightly angular. Skin, pale yellow, 
with brownish-red next the sun, studded with specks, which are greenish 
on the shaded side, but yellowish next the sun. Eye, small, and partially 
open, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short and fleshy, 
almost imbedded in a deep and wide cavity, which is smooth or rarely 
marked with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, delicate, very juicy, with a 
sweet, and briskly acid flavor. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to January. 

The tree attains a pretty good size, is hardy, vigorous, and a good 
bearer. 

This is a very old and favorite apple, first mentioned by Ray, and 
enumerated in the list of Leonard Meager, as one of the varieties then 
cultivated in the London nurseries, in 1670. Mortimer made a sad 
lamentation on the fancied degeneration of the Kentish Pippin, which I 
have quoted in treating of the Golden Pippin. 



196. KERRY PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification— Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 454. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 380. 
Lind. Guide, 19. Down. Fr. Amer. 88. Rog. Fr. Cult. 79. 

Synonyme. — Edmonton's Aromatic Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 

Figures. — Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 20, Pom. Mag. t. 107. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iv. f. 3. 

Fruit, below medium size ; oval, sometimes roundish-oval. Skin, 

smooth and shining, greenish- 
yellow at first, but changing 
as it ripens to a fine clear pale 
yellow color, tinged and streak- 
ed with red, on the side next 
the sun ; but sometimes when 
fully exposed, one half of the 
surface is covered with bright 
shining crimson, streaked with 
deeper crimson ; it is marked 
on the shaded side with some 
traces of delicate russet. Eye, 
small and closed, with broad, 
erect, and acuminate seg- 
ments, set in a shallow basin, 
which is generally surrounded 
with five prominent plaits. 
Stalk, slender, three quarters 
of an inch long, obliquely inserted in a small cavity, by the side of a fleshy 




122 BBITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

protuberance. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with 
a rich, sugary, brisk, and aromatic flavor. 

An early dessert apple of the highest excellence ; It is in use during 
September and October. 

The tree is a free grower, hardy, and a good bearer, attaining about 
the middle size. It is well adapted for grafting on the paradise stock, 
and being grown either as a dwarf, or espalier. 

This variety was introduced chiefly through the instrumentality of Mr. 
Robertson, the nurseryman of Kilkenny, in Ireland. 

197. KESWICK CODLIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 158. Lind. Guide. 31. Down. Fr. 
Amer. 87. Rog. Fr. Cult. 65. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iii. f. 3. 

Fruit, large ; conical and angular. Skin, pale yellow, with a blush on 
the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large, set in a deep and angular basin. 
Stalk, short, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, pale yellow, very juicy, 
and briskly flavored. 

One of the earliest, and most valuable of our culinary apples. It may 
be used for tarts so early as the end of June ; but its greatest perfection 
is during August and September. 

The tree is healthy, vigorous, and an immense bearer, attaining to the 
middle size. It succeeds well in almost every soil and situation, and 
when grown on the paradise stock, is well suited for espalier training. 

This excellent apple was first discovered, growing among a quantity of 
rubbish, behind a wall at Gleaston Castle, near Ulverstone, and was 
first brought into notice by one John Sander, a nurseryman at Keswick, 
who having propagated it, sent it out under the name of Keswick Codlin. 

In the Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, Sir John 
Sinclair says, u the Keswick Codlin tree has never failed to bear a crop 
since it was planted in the Episcopal garden at Rose Castle, Carlisle, 
twenty years ago (1813). It is an apple of fine tartness and flavor, 
and may be used early in autumn. The tree is a very copious 
bearer, and the fruit is of good size, considerably larger than the 
Carlisle Codlin. It flourishes best in a strong soil." 

198. KILKENNY PEARMAIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 547. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and the same in 
height ; roundish, inclining to conical. Skin, yellow, sprinkled with 
russety dots, and sometimes covered with slight reticulations of russet ; 
tinged with orange, and a few streaks of red, on the side exposed to the 
sun. Eye, small, and rather open, set in a narrow basin. Stalk, short, 
inserted in a shallow cavity, and surrounded with a large patch of russet. 
Flesh, yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, and sweet ; but of dry texture, and 
lacking acidity. 

A dessert apple of no great merit ; in use from October to Christmas. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 



123 



199. KING OF THE PIPPINS.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized ; ovate or conical, regularly and handsomely 

shaped. Skin, greenish 
yellow, with a blush of 
red next the sun, and 
marked with a little 
rough brown russet. 
Eye, large, and partially 
open, with long and 
broad segments, which 
are connivent, but re- 
flexed at the tips, set in 
a shallow and undulat- 
ing basin. Stalk, a 
quarter of an inch long, 
just extending beyond 
the base. Flesh, white 
with a yellowish tinge, 
firm, crisp, very juicy 
and sugary, with a rich 

vinous flavor. 

This is one of the richest flavored early dessert apples, and unequalled 

by any other variety of the same season ; it is ripe in the end of August, 

and beginning of September. 

This is the original, and true King of the Pippins, and a very different 

apple from that generally known by the same name. See Golden 

Winter Pearmain. I suspect this is the King Apple of Rea. 





200. KINGSTON BLACK.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and one and three quarters 
high ; roundish. Skin, pale yellow, striped with red on the shaded side ; 
and very dark red, striped with dark purple, or almost black stripes, on 
the side next the sun ; thickly strewed all over with light-grey russety 
dots, and with a large patch of russet over the base. Eye, open, with 
broad reflexed segments, and set in a deep basin. Stalk, very short, in- 
serted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, white, stained with red under the 
skin, on the side next the sun, tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored. 

This is a beautiful little apple, extensively grown in Somersetshire, 
where in the present day it is considered the most valuable cider apple. 
It keeps till Christmas. 



201. KIRKE'S LORD NELSON.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. eel. 3, n. 414. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiv. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and three 



124 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

quarters high ; roundish, and narrowing a little towards the apex. Skin, 
smooth, pale yellow, streaked all over with red. Eye, open, with short 
reflexed segments, and set in a plaited basin. Stalk, short and slender. 
Flesh, yellowish- white, firm, juicy and aromatic, but wants acidity. 

An inferior variety, neither a good dessert apple, nor at all suitable for 
culinary purposes ; It is in use from November to February. 



202. KNOBBED RUSSET.— H. 

Synonymes. — Knobby Russet, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 741. Hort. Trans. vol.iv. 
p. 219. Lind. Guide, 90. Winter Apple, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 1167. Old 
Maid's, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish-oval, and very uneven on its surface ; 
being covered with numerous knobs, or large warts, some of which are 
the size of peas. Skin, greenish-yellow, and covered with thick scaly 
russet. Eye, set in a deep basin. Stalk, inserted in a deep cavity. 
Flesh, yellowish, crisp, sweet, and highly flavored ; but not very juicy. 

A singular looking dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is in use from 
December to March. 

This variety was introduced to the notice of the London Horticultural 
Society in 1819, by Mr. Haslar Capron, of Midhurst, in Sussex. 



203. LADY'S DELIGHT.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and a quarter 
high ; oblate, and ribbed on the sides. Skin, smooth and shining, green- 
ish-yellow, marked with a number of imbedded dark-green specks ; 
washed with red on the side next the sun, and with a circle of red rays 
round the base. Eye, partially closed, with broad and flat segments ; 
set in an angular and plaited basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in 
a round and rather deep cavity. Flesh, white, tender, crisp, very juicy, 
sweet, brisk, and pleasantly aromatic. 

An excellent culinary or dessert apple, highly esteemed about Lan- 
caster, where it is much grown ; it is in use from October to Christmas. 

The habit of the tree is drooping, like that of the Weeping Willow. 



204. LADY'S FINGER.— Fors. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 111. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and two 
inches and three quarters high ; pyramidal, rounded at the base, dis- 
tinctly five sided, flattened at the apex, where it is terminated in five 
prominent knobs, with a smaller one between each. Skin, smooth, dull 
greenish-yellow, strewed with minute, grey russety dots ; tinged on the 
side next the sun with a dull blush, which is interspersed with spots of 
deep lively red. Eye, small and partially closed, set in a small and regu- 
larly notched basin. Stalk, slender, short, and obliquely inserted under 
a fleshy protuberance. Flesh, yellow, tender, juicy, and pleasantly acid. 



THE APPLE.— ITS VARIETIES. 125 

A culinary apple much grown about Lancaster ; it is in use from 
November, to March or April. 

This is a very different apple from the White Paradise, which is some- 
times called " The Lady's Finger." 

205. LAMB ABBEY PEARMAIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 269. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2, 549. Lind. 

Guide, 74. Diel Kernobst. vi. B. 84. 
Stnonyme. — Laneb Abbey Pearmain, M'lnt. Orch. 24. 
Figures.— Hort. Trans, vol. v. t. 10, f. 2. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxi. f. 2. 

Fruit, small ; roundish or oblato-oblong, regularly and handsomely 

shaped. Skin, smooth 
greenish-yellow on the 
shaded side, but becoming 
clear yellow when at matu- 
rity ; on the side next the 
sun it is dull orange, streak- 
ed and striped with red, 
which becomes more faint 
as it extends to the shaded 
side, and dotted all over 
with minute, punctured, 
russety dots. Eye, rather 
large, and open, with long, 
broad segments, reflexed at 
the tips, and set in a wide, 
deep and plaited basin. 
Stalk, from a quarter to 
half-an-inch long, slender, deeply inserted in a russety cavity. Flesh, 
yellowish -white, firm, crisp, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk, and 
rich vinous flavor. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality, and very valuable, both as regards 
the richness of its flavor, and the long period to which it remains in perfec- 
tion ; it is in use from January, and keeps till April without shrivelling. 
The tree is healthy, a free grower, and good bearer. 
This variety was raised in the year 1804, by the wife of Neil Malcolm 
Esq. of Lamb Abbey, near Dartford in Kent, from the pip of an import- 
ed fruit of the Newtown Pippin. 

206. LARGE YELLOW BOUGH.— Down. 

Identification. — Down. Fr. Amer. 74. 

Synonymes. — Large Early Yellow Bough, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Sweet Bough, 
ace. Kenrick. Early Bough, Ken. Amer. Or. 26. Bough, Coxe, View, 101. 
Sweet Harvest, ace. Down. 

Fruit, above medium size ; oblong oval, handsomely and regularly 
formed. Skin, smooth, pale greenish-yellow. Eye, set in a narrow and 
deep basin. Stalk, rather long. Flesh, white, very tender, crisp, and 
very juicy, with a rich, sweet, sprightly flavor. 




120 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



A dessert apple of first-rate quality. Ripe in the begining of August, 
The tree is a vigorous and luxuriant grower, and a good bearer. 

207. LEMON PIPPIN.— Fors. 

Identification.— Fors. Treat. 112. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 406. Lind. Guide, 75. 
Down. Fr. Amer. 115. Rog. Fr. Cult, 81. 

Synonymes.— Kirke's Lemon Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 551. Quince, Bog. 

Fr. Cult. 66. Englischer Winterquittenapfel, Did Kernobst. ii. B. 21. 
Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 37. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. be. f. 4. 
Fruit, medium sized ; oval, with a large fleshy elongation covering the 




stalk, which gives it the form of a lemon. Skin, pale yellow tinged with 
green, changing to a lemon yellow as it attains maturity, strewed with 
russety freckles, and patches of thin delicate russet. Eye, small, and 
partially open, with short segments, and set in an irregular basin, which 
is frequently higher on one side than the other. Stalk, short, entirely 
covered with a fleshy elongation of the fruit. Flesh, firm, crisp, and 
briskly flavored. 

A very good apple, either for culinary or dessert use ; it is in season 
from October to April, and is perhaps the most characteristic apple we 
have, being sometimes so much like a lemon, as at first sight to be taken 
for that fruit. Forsyth says it is excellent for drying. 

The tree does not attain a large size ; but is healthy, hardy, and a 
good bearer. 

It is uncertain at what period the Lemon Pippin was first brought into 
notice. Rogers calls it the " Quince Apple," and, if it is what has always 
been known under that name, it must be of considerable antiquity, being 
mentioned by Rea, Worlidge, Ray, and almost all the early writers ; but 
the first instance wherein we find it called Lemon Pippin, is in Ellis's 
" Modern Husbandman" 1744, where he says it is " esteemed so good 
an apple for all uses, that many plant this tree preferable to all others." 



THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 127 

208. LEWIS'S INCOMPARABLE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 356. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 59. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxx. f 2. 

Fruit, large, three inches wide and two inches and three quarters 
high ; conical, broad at the base and narrow at the apex, which is gener- 
ally higher on one side than the other. Skin, deep lively red, streak- 
ed with crimson on the side next the sun ; but yellow, faintly streaked 
with light red on the shaded side, and strewed with numerous minute 
russety dots. Eye, small and open, with broad, and slightly connivent 
segments, set in a rather narrow, and somewhat angular basin. Stalk, 
very short, inserted in a wide, and deep cavity, which is lined with thin 
grey russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk and 
slightly perfumed flavor. 

A useful apple either for culinary purposes or the dessert but only of 
second-rate quality ; it is in use from December to February. 

The tree attains the largest size, is strong, vigorous, and an abundant 
bearer. 

209. LINCOLNSHIRE HOLLAND PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 409. 

Synonyme. — Striped Holland Pippin. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 1075. Lind. Guide, 23 . 

Figures. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xc. f. 1. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xir. f. 4. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a half wide, and three 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish,, inclining to ovate, and somewhat 
angular on the sides. Skin, yellow on the shaded side ; but orange, 
streaked with crimson, on the side next the sun, and studded all over 
with numerous imbedded green specks. Eye, small, set in a rather deep 
basin. Stalk short, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, white 
and pleasantly sub-acid. 

A very pretty, but very useless apple, fit only for kitchen use, and then 
only of second-rate quality ; it is in season from November to February. 

210. LOAN'S PEARMAIN.— Ray. 

Identification. — Raii. Hist. ii. 1448. Lang. Pom. 134. t. lxxvi. f. 2. Switz. Fr. 
Gard. 138. Mill. Diet. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 550. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxii. f . 3. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and 
a quarter high ; abrupt pearmain-shaped. Skin, greenish-yellow, with a 
few faint streaks of red, and strewed with numerous large russety dots 
on the shaded side ; but deep orange mottled and streaked with crimson, 
and covered with patches of thin grey russet, on the side next the sun. 
Eye, open, with reflexed segments, set in a wide, even, and plaited basin. 
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a rather shallow cavity, with a fleshy 
protuberance on one side of it. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, crisp, and 
very juicy, with a sugary and pleasant flavor. 

An excellent old dessert apple ; in use from November to February. 

This is a very old variety. It is first mentioned by Ray, but is not 
enumerated in Meager's list. 



128 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

211. LONDON PIPPIN.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 67. Fors. Treat, ed. 7, 112. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 410. Rog. Fr. Cult. 93. 

Synonymes. — Five-Crowned Pippin, Fors. Treat, ed. 3. 99. Royal Somerset, 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 971. New London Pippin, Ibid. 562. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiv. f. 2. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, and flattened, with a few ribs on 
the sides which increase in size towards the crown where they terminate 
in five prominent and equal ridges, from which circumstance it has been 
called the Five-Crowned Pippin. Skin, at first pale yellowish-green, 
changing to pale yellow or lemon color, with brownish-red on the side 
next the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a rather shallow basin, 
Stalk, half an inch long, slender, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yellowish- 
white, firm, crisp, tender, and juicy, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. 

An excellent culinary apple, and serviceable also for the dessert ; it 
is in use from November to April, when it is perfectly sound and shows 
no symptoms of shrivelling. 

The tree attains about the middle size, is not a strong grower, but 
quite hardy, and an excellent bearer. 

Although there is no record of this variety in the writings of any 
pomological author before Mr. Lindley, it is nevertheless a very old 
English apple. In an ancient note-book of an ancestor of Sir John 
Trevelyan, Bart., of Nettlecombe, in Somersetshire, so early as 1580, the 
" Lounden Peppen " is mentioned among the " names of Apelles which I 
had their graffes from JBrentmarch, from one Mr. Pace. " From this we 
may learn, that we are not to take for granted the non-existence of any 
variety, simply because there is no notice of it, previous to the period 
when it may have been first recorded, in works on pomology. 

212. LONG NOSE.— H. 

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half high, and about 
the same in width at the base ; conical, with prominent angles on the 
sides. Skin, smooth and shining, grass green, changing to greenish 
yellow, with a cloud of bright red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, 
closed, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, fleshy 
at the insertion, sometimes with a fleshy protuberance on one side of it, 
and inserted in a narrow, shallow, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish- 
white, crisp, and tender, with a slightly sweet but rather indifferent 
flavor. 

An apple of little merit, being of no value either for culinary purposes 
or the dessert ; it is in season from October to December, and is met 
with in the Berkshire Orchards. 

213. LONGSTART. H. 

Synonyme. — "Westmoreland Longstart. 
Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, narrowing towards the eye, somewhat 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 129 

like the old Nonpareil in shape. Skin, almost entirely covered with red, 
which is streaked with deeper red ; except on the shaded side where 
there is a patch of greenish-yellow, tinged with thin red. Eye, partially 
open, with broad, flat segments, and set in a shallow and plaited basin. 
Stalk, about an inch long, inserted in a wide cavity, which is lined with 
russet. Flesh, white, crisp, tender, juicy, with a pleasant sub-acid 
flavor. 

A very excellent culinary apple ; comes into use during October, and 
lasts till Christmas. 

This variety is much grown about Lancaster, and some parts of West- 
moreland, where it is a great favorite among the cottagers. 

214. LONGVILLE'S KERNEL.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 411. Lind. Guide, 32. Down. 
Fr. Amer. 90, 

Synonyme. — Sam's Crab, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 1021. 

Figure.— Pom Mag. t. 63. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches 
and a quarter high ; ovate, slightly angular, but handsomely shaped. Skin, 
greenish-yellow, tinged with red, and streaked with dark red on the side 
next the sun. Eye, small and open, with short erect segments, set in a 
deep and plaited basin. Stalk, short, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yel- 
low, firm, sweet, slightly acid, and with a perfumed flavor. 

A dessert apple, of good, but only second-rate quality ; in use during 
August and September. 

According to Mr. Lindley " It is said that this apple was originated in 
Herefordshire, where it is at present but little known : it is very hand- 
some, and of considerable merit." 



215. LUCOMBE'S PINE-APPLE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 585. 

Synonymes — Pine Apple, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 789. Pine Apple Pippin, 
Ibid. 790. 

Figure. — Maund. Fruit, 49. 

Fruit, rather below medium size ; ovate or conical, slightly and ob- 
scurely ribbed about the eye. Skin, of an uniform, clear, pale, yellow, but 
with an orange tinge on the side next the sun, the whole surface thinly 
strewed with pale-brown russety dots. Eye, small and closed, with 
somewhat ovate segments, set in a narrow, shallow, and plaited basin. 
Stalk, stout, about a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a narrow, and 
shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender and delicate, juicy and 
sugary, with a rich aromatic flavor, resembling that of a pine apple. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from the beginning of 
October to Christmas. 

This desirable apple was raised in the nursery of Messrs. Lucombe, 
Pince, & Co., of Exeter, and is well worthy of general cultivation. 

K 



130 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

216. LUCOMBE'S SEEDLING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 41G. LinJ. Guide, 52. Rog. Fr. 
Cult. 49. 

Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 109. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiv. f. 3. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three 
quarters high ; roundish, and angular. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, 
strewed with dark dots, and imbedded green specks on the shaded side ; 
but bright red, which is streaked with crimson, on the side next the sun. 
Eye, small and open, set in an angular and plaited basin. Stalk, short 
and thick, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, white, firm, juicy, and 
pleasantly flavored. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to February. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, attains a large size, and is 
an excellent and early bearer. 

This variety as well as the preceeding.was raised in the Exeter nursery. 

217. MADELEIN E.— Calvel. 

Identification. — Calvel. Traite. iii. 24. 

Stnonymes. — Margaret, Mill. Diet. Summer Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat.ed.3. 

Fruit, rather below medium size ; roundish. Skin, yellowish-white, 
with numerous imbedded pearly specks, with an orange tinge next the 
sun, and sometimes marked with faint streaks of red. Eye, small and 
closed, set in a narrow basin, and surrounded with several unequal plaits. 
Stalk, short and slender, not extending beyond the base, and inserted in 
a funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white, very crisp and tender, juicy, sugary, 
and highly flavored. 

An early dessert apple, of good, but only second-rate quality ; ripe in 
the middle and end of August. 

The tree is a free grower, and is readily distinguished by the excessive 
pubescence of its leaves and shoots. 

Mr. Lindley in the " Guide to the Orchard " considers this variety as 
identical with the Margaret of Ray, which is a mistake. It is no doubt 
the Margaret of Miller, but certainly not of any English author either 
preceeding, or subsequent to him. It is to be observed that the lists of 
fruits given by Miller in his Dictionary are chiefly taken from the works 
of the French pomologists, while the fruits of his own country are almost 
wholly neglected ; and the only reason I can assign for him describing 
this variety for the Margaret is, because our own Margaret being by some 
authors called the Magdalene, he might have thought the two synony- 
mous. — See Margaret. 

218. MAIDEN'S BLUSH.— Coxe. 

Identification. — Coxe, View, 106. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, ri. 420. Fors. Treat. 
213. Down. Fr. Amer. 90. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a 
half high ; roundish and flattened. Skin, of a fine, rich, pale-yellow color, 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 131 

tinged with a blush of beautiful red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye. 
pretty large and closed, set in a round, even, and rather deep basin, 
Stalk, short, inserted in a deep, and round cavity. Flesh, white, tender, 
brisk, and pleasantly acid. 

A very beautiful culinary apple, but not of first-rate quality. It is in 
use during September and October. 

The tree is a vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer. 

This variety is of American origin. It is highly esteemed in the 
neighbourhood of Philadelphia, and considered one of the best culinary 
apples in America ; it is also much used for drying, for which purpose it 
is considered the best. It is not however held in great repute in this 
country, its size and color being its chief recommendation. 

219. MANKS CODLIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. 161. Lind. Guide, 32, Rog. Fr. Cult. 66. 

Stnonymbs. — Irish Pitcher, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Irish Codlin, Hort. Soc. 
Cat. ed. 1, 178. Eve, in Scotland. Frith Pippin, ace. Lind. Guide. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iii. f. 1. 

Fruit, large ; conical, and slightly angular. Skin, smooth, greenish- 
yellow at first, but changing as it ripens to clear pale-yellow, tinged with 
rich orange-red on the side next the sun ; but sometimes, when fully ex- 
posed, assuming a clear bright-red cheek. Eye, small and closed, set in 
a small, plaited, and pretty deep basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch 
long, more or less fleshy, sometimes straight, but generally obliquely in- 
serted, and occasionally united to the fruit by a fleshy protuberance on 
one side of it. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, brisk, juicy and slightly 
perfumed. 

A very valuable early culinary apple, of first-rate quality. It is ripe in 
the beginning of August, and continues in use till November. 

The tree is very hardy, and healthy, but not a large grower. It is a 
very early and abundant bearer, young trees in the nursery quarters 
generally producing a considerable quantity of fruit, when only two years 
old from the grafts. It is well suited for planting in exposed situations, 
and succeeds well in shallow soils. It forms a beautiful little tree when 
grafted on the paradise stock, and is well adapted for espalier training. 

220. MANNLNGTON'S PEARMAIN.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized ; abrupt pearmain-shaped. Skin, of a rich golden- 
yellow color, covered with thin brown russet, on the shaded side ; but 
covered with dull brownish-red, on the side next the sun. Eye, partially 
closed, with broad flat segments, set in a shallow and plaited basin. 
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, obliquely inserted in a moderately 
deep cavity, with generally a fleshy protuberance on one side of it. 
Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, and very sugary ; with a brisk and par- 
ticularly rich flavor. 

This is one of the best and richest flavored of our dessert apples. It 
is only of recent introduction ; but will no doubt, ere long, prove one of the 
most popular, as it is one of the most valuable varieties in its class ; not 

K 2 



1-82 



BRITISH TOMOLOGY, ETC. 




only on account of its excellence, but for the long period during which 
it is in perfection ; it comes into use in October and November, and 
continues in good condition till March. 

A communication of 
some importance has 
been forwarded to me 
by Mr. Cameron of 
Uckfield, by whom this 
variety was first propa- 
gated. He says the 
fruit should be allowed 
to hang late on the tree 
before it is gathered, so 
as to secure its peculiar 
richness of flavor, and 
long period of duration ; 
for if gathered too soon, 
it looses much of its fine 
richness and is very 
apt to shrivel. 

The tree does not 
attain a large size, but 
is perfectly hardy, and 
an early and excellent 
bearer ; young trees, only two or three years from the graft, producing a 
considerable crop of handsome, well-grown fruit. 

This esteemed variety originated about the year 1770, in a garden 
now in the possession of Mr. Mannington, a respectable butcher at Uck- 
field in Sussex. At the time it was raised the garden belonged to Mr. 
Turley, a blacksmith, and grandfather of Mr. Mannington. The original 
tree grew up at the root of a hedge, where the refuse from a cider press 
had been thrown ; it never attained any great size, but continued to 
preserve a stunted, and diminutive habit of growth, till it died about the 
year 1820. Previous to this, however, grafts had been freely distributed 
to persons in the neighbourhood, many of whom were anxious to possess 
such a desideratum ; but it does not seem to have been known beyond its 
own locality, till the autumn of 1847, when Mr. Mannington caused 
specimens of the fruit to be forwarded to the London Horticultural Society, 
and by whom it was pronounced to be a dessert fruit of the highest ex- 
cellence. It was designated by Mr. Thompson "Mannington's Pearmain." 

221. MARGARET.— Rea. 

Identification.— Rea. Pom. 209. Raii. Hist. ii. 1447. Lang. Pom. 134, t.lxxiv. 
fig. 1. Rog. Fr. Cult. 30. Pors. Treat. 114. 

Synonymes.— Early Red Margaret, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 425. Lind. Guide, 8. 
Down. Fr. Amer. 73. Early Red Juneating, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 504. Red 
Juneating, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Striped Juneating, Ibid. ed. 1, 506. Early 
Striped Juneating, Ibid. Striped Quarrenden, Ibid, ed. 1, 823. Summer 
Traveller, Ibid, 1083. Eve Apple, In Ireland, ace. Robertson in Hort. Trans. Hi. 
452. Early Margaret, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Marget •■ Apple, Meager. Eng. Gard. 
Maudlin, Switz. Fr. Gard. 135. Magdalene, Gibs. Fr. Gard. 352. Marguerite, 
ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Lammas, ace. Fors. Treat. 



THE APPLE. 



•ITS VARIETIES. 



133 



Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 46. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. vi. f. I. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish-ovate, and narrowing towards the eye, 

where it is angular. Skin, green- 
ish-yellow on the shaded side ; 
but bright-red next the sun, strip- 
ed all over with darker red, and 
strewed with grey russety dots. 
Eye, half open, and prominent ; 
with long, broad, erect segments, 
surrounded with a number of 
puckered knobs. Stalk, short and 
thick, about half-an-inch long, 
inserted in a small, and shallow 
cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, 
brisk, juicy, and vinous, with a 
pleasant and very refreshing flavor. 
A first-rate early dessert apple ; 
it is ripe in the beginning of 
August, but does not keep long, be- 
ing very liable to become meally. 
To have it in perfection, it is well 
to gather it a few days before it ripens on the tree, and thereby secure 
its juicy, and vinous flavor. 

The tree does not attain a large size, being rather a small grower. It 
is a good bearer, more so than the Joanneting, and is quite hardy, except 
in light soils, when it is liable to canker. It is well adapted for growing 
as dwarfs, either for potting or being trained as an espalier, when grafted 
on the paradise, or pomme paradis stock. 

This is a very old English apple. It is without doubt the Margaret 
of Rea, Worldige, Hay, and all our early pomologists except Miller ; Mr. 
Lindley, however, is of a different opinion, for he believes the Mar- 
garet of Miller to be identical with that of Ray. That this variety is the 
Margaret of Rea, his description is sufficient evidence. " The Margaret 
or Magdelen Apple is a fair and beautiful fruit, yellow, and thick striped 
with red, early ripe, of a delicate taste, sweet flavor, and best eaten off 
the tree." Ray gives no description of it, but it is only reasonable to 
suppose, that it is this variety he refers to, seeing it is the Margaret of 
all authors both immediately preceeding, and subsequent to him. And 
indeed in no instance is that of Miller noticed by any English author, 
but himself, anterior to Mr. Lindley. 




222. MARGIL.— Hook. 

Identification. — Hook. Pom. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 428. Lind. Guide, 
53. Down. Fr. Amer. 117, Thomp. in Gard. Chron. 1847, p. 116. 

Synonymes.— Margill. Fors. Treat. 114. Bog. Fr. Cult. 48. Never Fail, Hott. 
Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 629. Munches Pippin, Ibid. 623. Small Ribston, M.C.H.S. 

Figures.— Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 33. Pom. Mag. t. 36. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xii. f. 4. 

Fruit, small, two inches and an eighth wide, and the same in height j 
conical, distinctly five sided, with acute angles on the side, which termin- 



134 BRITISH 

ate at the crown in five prominent ridges. Skin, orange, streaked with 
deep red, and covered on one side with patches of russet. Eye, small and 
closed, compressed as it were between the angles of the basin. Stalk, 
half-an-inch long, slender, and rather deeply inserted in a round, and 
russety cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, juicy, rich, and sugary, with a power- 
ful, and delicious aromatic flavor. 

One of the finest dessert apples, a rival of the Ribston Pippin, excelling 
it in juiciness, and being of a better size for the dessert ; it is in use from 
November to February. 

The tree is quite hardy, and generally an abundant bearer, except in 
seasons when the bloom is injured by frosts, to which it is liable. It is of a 
small, and slender habit of growth, and is well adapted for growing as 
dwarfs, or espaliers, when grafted on the paradise stock. 

There seems to be no record of this variety before the publication of 
the Pomona Lo?ido7iensis, although it was known for many years previ- 
ously. Rogers says, he saw a tree of it growing as an espalier in the garden 
at Sheen, which was planted by Sir William Temple. I find it was 
cultivated to a considerable extent in the Brompton Park nursery, so 
early as 1 750 ; it must therefore have been well known at that period ; 
but I cannot discover any trace of its origin. It may have been intro- 
duced from the continent by George London who was for some years 
in the gardens at Versailles under De Quintinye, and afterwards in part- 
nership with Henry Wise as proprietor of the Brompton Park nursery, 
as the name seems to indicate more of French than English origin. 



223. MARMALADE PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 429. Diel Kernobst. i. B. 23. 

Synonymes. — Althorp Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 8. Welsh Pippin, ace. Bon. 
Pyr. Mai. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxviii. f. 3. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and 
three quarters high ; oblong, with a prominent rib on one side, and 
flattened at the apex, where it terminates in several prominences. Skin, 
very thick, hard, and membranous ; deep yellow, with a brownish tinge 
next the sun, and strewed with numerous imbedded pearly specks. Eye, 
small and open, with long acuminate and reflexed segments, set in a deep, 
and angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, and 
smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish -white, firm and tender, sweet, juicy, and 
pleasantly flavored. 

A culinary apple, but only of second-rate quality ; it is in use from 
October to January. 

The tree is hardy and an abundant bearer. 

This variety was introduced in 1818 — the year in which the original 
tree first produced fruit — by a Mr. Stevens of Stanton Grange, in Derby- 
shire, by whom it was raised from a seed of the Keswick Codling. The 
Marmalade Pippin of Diel which is described in the 22 vol. and which he 
says is an English apple, is not the same as the above, for he describes it 
as " a true streaked apple, and ripe in August ". 



THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 135 

224. MARTIN NONPAREIL.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 456. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 475. 
Lind. Guide, 91. Kog. Fr. Cult. 68. 

Figure. — Pora. Mag. t. 79. 

Fruit, below medium size ; ovate, and angular on the sides. Skin, 
pale yellow, sprinkled with yellowish-brown russet. Eye p large and open, 
set in an angular basin. Stalk, short and thick. Flesh, yellow, firm, 
rich, juicy and sugary. 

An excellent dessert apple, but equal to the old Nonpareil ; conse- 
quently can only be regarded as a second-rate variety ; it is in use from 
December to March. 

The tree is a vigorous grower, hardy and a good bearer. 

This apple was received from a nursery, as a crab stock, by the Rev. 
George Williams of Martin-Hussingtree, near Worcester, and after 
producing fruit, was communicated by him to the London Horticultural 
Society. 

225. MELA CARLA.— Gallesio. 

Identification. — Gallesio Pom, Ital. vol. i. p. I. 

Synonymes. — Male Carle, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 424. Down. Fr. Amer. 116. 
Malcarle, Lind. Guide, 52. Porame Maleearle, Cat. Trnite. iii. 63. Mela di Carlo, 
ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Pomme de Charles, Ibid. Pomrae Carl, Ibid. Pomme 
Finale, Ibid. Charles Apple, ace. Hort. Trans, vol. vii. p. 259. Der Malacarle, 
Did Kemobst. xxi. 35. 

Figures. — Galles. Pom. Ital. vol. i. t. 1. Hort. Trans, vol. vii. t. 7. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and the same 
in height ; roundish, inclining to ovate, narrowing a little towards the 
eye, but generally of an ovate shape. Skin, thin and tender, pale green 
at first, changing as it ripens to fine delicate waxen-yellow, on the shaded 
side ; but covered with fine dark crimson, on the side next the sun. Eye, 
small and closed, with long acuminate segments, and set in a pretty wide, 
and deep basin, which is sometimes a little ribbed. Stalk, three quarters 
of an inch long, inserted in a small, and smooth cavity. Flesh, white 
with a greenish tinge, very delicate, juicy, and tender, with a sweet and 
vinous flavor, and a perfume like that of roses. 

A dessert apple, which, when in perfection, is of the most exquisite 
flavor, but being indigenous to a warmer climate, it does not attain its 
full maturity in this country. By the aid of a south wall, in a warm 
and sheltered situation, it may however be brought to some degree of 
perfection. At Elvaston Castle, Mr. Barron has successfully cultivated 
it upon earthen mounds, with an inclination to the sun, of 45°. When 
in perfection, its flesh is said to be as melting as that of the Beurre, 
and Doyenne pears ; it is in use from December to March. 

The tree is a strong, and vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer. 

This apple is of Italian origin, and is extensively cultivated about Turin 
Its name is by some supposed to have been given in honor of Charle- 
magne, who is said to have held this fruit in high estimation. 



136 



B1I1TISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



226. MELROSE.— H. 

Stnonyme. — White Melrose, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 25. 

Fruit, large ; roundish-ovate, inclining to conical, and broad at the 
base ; it has an irregularity in its outline, caused by prominent ribs, 
which extend from about the middle, to the basin of the eye, where 




they form large and unequal ridges ; and also by several flattened 'parts 
on the sides, giving it the appearance as if indented by a blow. Skin, 
smooth and shining, pale yellow tinged with green, on the shaded side ; 
but yellow tinged with orange, and marked with crimson spots and dots, 
on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and closed, with broad flat 
segments, and deeply set in a plaited, and prominently ribbed basin. 
Stalk, very short, not more than a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a 
deep, irregular cavity, in which are a few streaks and patches of rough 
russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, but tender and marrow-like, with 
a sweet, and pleasantly sub-acid flavor. 

A very valuable and fine looking apple, of first-rate quality, suitable 
either for culinary purposes or the dessert ; it is in use from October to 
January. 

The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, and forms a large 
round head, It is also an abundant and free bearer. 

This is an old Scotch apple, the cultivation of which is confined ex- 
clusively to the Border counties, where it was probably first introduced 
by the monks of Melrose Abbey. Though it is one of the most popular 
apples of the Tweedside orchards, it does not seem to have been ever known 
beyond its own district. It is without doubt the largest, and one of the 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 137 

most useful apples of which Scotland can boast, and requires only to be 
more generally known, to be cultivated throughout the length and breadth 
of that country. Even in the south it is not to be disregarded, as both 
in size, and quality, it is one of the most attractive market apples. I 
have known them sold at two shillings a dozen. The figure given above 
is only from a medium-sized specimen of the fruit. 



227. MERE DE MENAGE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 436. 

Fruit, very large ; conical. Skin, red, streaked with darker red all over, 
except a little on the shaded side where it is yellow. Eye, set in an 
angular basin. Stalk, very stout, inserted in a deep cavity, so much so 
as to be scarcely visible. Flesh, firm, crisp, brisk and juicy. 

A valuable and very beautiful culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in 
use from October to January. 

228. MINCHALL CRAB.— Fors. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 115. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 440. Lind. Guide, 
54. Hog. Er. Cult. 58. 

Sotonymes. — Minshul Crab, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 609. Mincham's Crab, Brook. 
Pom. Brit. Lancashire Crab, Ibid. 536. Lancaster Crab, Ibid. 539. 

Figures. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xciii. f. 2. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiii. f. 4. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a 
half high ; roundish, and considerably flattened, almost oblate. Skin, 
yellow, covered with dark dots, and a few veins of russet ; russety over 
the base, and marked with a few broken stripes and mottles of pale crimson 
on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, with short, and ragged 
segments, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch 
long, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, white, firm, crisp, and 
juicy, with a rough, and sharp acid flavor. 

A culinary apple, but only of second-rate quality ; it is in use from 
November to March. 

The tree is very hardy, and is not subject to canker, or the attacks of 
insects. It is an abundant bearer. 

This apple is extensively grown in the southern parts of Lancashire, 
and is a great favorite in the Manchester market, and all the other manu- 
facturing towns of that district. It receives its name from the village of 
Minchall in Cheshire, where, according to Rogers, the original tree exist- 
ed in 1777. 

229. MINIER'S DUMPLING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. i. 70. Fors. Treat. 114. Lind. Guide, 54. 

Fruit, large, from three to three inches and a half wide, and nearly the 
same in height ; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular on the sides. 
Skin, dark green, striped with darker green on the shaded side ; but 
covered with dark red where exposed to the sun. Stalk, an inch long, 



138 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

rather thick, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, firm, juicy, sub- 
acid and pleasantly flavored. 

An excellent culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; in use from Novem- 
ber to May. 

The tree is a strong grower, hardy, and an excellent bearer. 

230. MITCHELSON'S SEEDLING.— H. 

Fruit, above the medium size ; somewhat ovate. Skin, of a fine deep 
yellow, thinly strewed with minute brown dots, interspersed with slight 






patches of very delicate russet ; but faintly mottled with clear red, on the 
side exposed to the sun. Eye, large and open, with short stunted segments, 
and set in a rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted 
in a round, and even cavity, which is tinged with green, and lined with 
fine delicate grey russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, brisk, very juicy 
and vinous, abounding in a rich and agreeable perfume. 

A very excellent apple, suitable either for culinary purposes, or the 
dessert ; it is in use from December to February. 

This beautiful apple, was raised by Mr. Mitchelson, a market gardener 
at Kingston-on-Thames. 

231. MONKLAND PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 442. 

Fruit, small, two inches wide, and the same in height ; oval, even, and 
regularly formed, with five obscure ribs round the eye. Skin, green, be- 
coming yellow as it attains maturity, marked with imbedded green specks, 
and numerous very minute dots. Eye, half open, set in a round, and 



THE APPLE. ITS VAKIETTES. 139 

plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, slender, and insert- 
ed in a round, narrow cavity, which is lined with rough russet. Flesh, 
greenish-white, soft and juicy, but with little or no flavor. 

An apple of which it is difficult to say to what use it is applicable, hav- 
ing nothing whatever to recommend it ; it is ripe in November. 



232. MONKTOX.— II. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and 
two inches high ; oblate, slightly ribbed on the sides, and ridged round 
the eye. Skin, entirely covered with beautiful red, which is marked 
with spots, and broken stripes of deep crimson ; the color on the shaded 
side is paler than on the side exposed to the sun ; it is strewed all over 
with russety dots, and round the stalk, and in the basin of the eye it is of 
a clear waxen-yellow. Eye, small and open, with broad, erect segments, 
set in a moderately deep basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a 
rather shallow cavity, which is lined with thick grey russet. Flesh, yel- 
lowish, tender, juicy, and brisk. 

A beautiful cider apple, raised at Monkton, near Taunton, in Somer- 
setshire. 



233. MOORE'S SEEDLING.— H. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches high ; 
conical and angular, flattened at the base. Skin, greenish-yellow on the 
shaded side ; and marked with broken streaks of red where exposed to 
the sun, interspersed with numerous large dark spots. Eye, small and 
open, set in a plaited basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a small, 
narrow cavity, and surrounded with a patch of russet. Flesh, yellow, 
tender, rather sweet and pleasantly flavored. 

A good culinary apple ; ripe in October, and keeps till December. 



234. MORRIS'S COURT OF WICK.— H. 

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three 
quarters high ; roundish-oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped, very 
closely resembling its parent, the old Court of Wick. Skin, pale green 
on the shaded side ; but washed with light red next the sun, which is 
covered with darker red spots, and marked with thin grey russet, round 
the eye. Eye, open, with reflexed segments, equally as characteristic as 
that of the old Court of Wick, and placed in a wide, shallow basin. Stalk, 
half-an-inch long, inserted in a round cavit}'. Flesh, firm but tender, 
with a profusion of rich, vinous, and highly flavored juice. 

A delicious dessert apple, excelling even the old Court of Wick ; it is 
in use from October to February. 

This variety was raised some years ago, by Mr. Morris, a market gar- 
dener at Brentford, near London. 



140 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



235. MORRIS'S NONPAREIL RUSSET.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 743? 

Synonyme and Figure. — Nonpareil Russet, Eon. Ptjr. Mai. 25, pi. xiii. f. 3. 



Fruit, small 



conical and irregularly formed, being generally larger on 

one side than the other, and 
having the eye placed later- 
ally. Skin, green, covered 
with large patches of thin 
grey russet, strewed with 
silvery scales, and marked 
with green dots. Eye, small 
and open, with segments re- 
flexed at the tips, and set in 
a plaited basin. Stalk, short, 
and deeply inserted in an 
oblique cavity. Flesh, green- 
ish, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, 
/ briskly flavored, and charged 
J I V / with a pleasant aroma. 

W'Ss. An excellent dessert apple, 

of the first quality ; in use 
from October to March, and will keep even as long as May and June. 

Can this be the same as the Morris's Nonpareil Russet, of the London 
Horticultural Society's catalogue, which is*said to be oblate ? I know that 
the variety described above is the true one, the friend from whom I 
received it having procured it from Mr. Morris himself. 
This variety was raised by Mr. Morris of Brentford. 




236. MORRIS'S RUSSET.— H. 

Fruit below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches 
and a quarter high ; round, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, 
covered with a coat of smooth, thin, brown russet, with occasionally a 
bright, fiery-crimson flame breaking out on the side next the sun, some- 
times so large as to form a fine, smooth, and varnished crimson cheek. 
Eye, large and open, set in a small and shallow basin. Stalk, very short, 
inserted in a rather small cavity. Flesh, firm, but tender, juicy, brisk 
and sugary, charged with a very rich, and powerful aromatic flavor. 

This is a dessert apple, of the highest excellence, and ought certainly 
to form one in every collection, however small ; it is in season from 
October to February. 

This, like the two preceeding varieties, was raised by Mr. Morris of 
Brentford. 



237. NANNY.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 452. 
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 141 

inches and a half high ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, and some- 
what angular on the sides. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow with broken > 
streaks of red, on the shaded side ; but bright red, streaked with dark 
crimson, on the side next the sun ; the whole strewed with russety dots. 
Eye, open, with flat segments, placed in an angular basin, which is mark- 
ed with linear marks of russet. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather deep, 
round cavity, thickly lined with rough russet, which extends in ramifica- 
tions over the base. Flesh, yellow, rather soft and tender, juicy, sugary, 
and highly flavored. 

A dessert apple of excellent quality, and when in perfection, a first-rate 
fruit ; it is in use during October, but soon becomes meally. 

The tree attains the middle size and is a good bearer, much more so 
than the Ribston Pippin, to which the fruit bears some resemblance in 
flavor. 

238. DE NEIGE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 454. Lind. Guide, 22. Down. Fr. 
Amer. 91. 

Synonymes. — Fameuse, Fors. Treat. 101. Rog. Fr. Cult. 38. Sanguineus, ace. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. La Fameuse, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 1. 

Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 2. 

Fruit, about the medium size, two inches and a half broad, and two 
inches high ; roundish, sometimes oblate. Skin, tender, smooth and 
shining, of a beautiful pale waxen-yellow color, tinged with pale red, on 
the shaded side ; but covered with deeper red, on the side next the sun, 
Eye, small, half open, and set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, half- 
an-inch long, inserted in a round, and pretty deep cavity. Flesh, pure 
white, very tender and delicate, sweet and pleasantly flavored. 

A very beautiful and handsome apple, but not of great merit It is 
suitable for dessert use, and is in perfection from November to January. 

The tree is of a small habit of growth, hardy, and bears well ; but in 
some soils it is liable to canker. 

This variety is supposed to be of Canadian origin, and was introduced 
to this country by a Mr. Barclay, of Brompton near London. This is not 
the Pomme de Neige of Diel. 

239. NELSON CODLIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 162. 

Synony ivies. — Nelson's Codlin, Lind. Guide, 32. Backhouse's Lord Nelson, Ron. 
Pyr. Mai. 49. Nelson, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxv. f. 3. 

Fruit, large and handsome ; conical or oblong. Skin, greenish-yellow 
strewed with russety specks, on the shaded side ; but where exposed to 
the sun of a fine deep yellow, covered with rather large dark spots, which 
are encircled with a dark crimson ring. Eye, open, with short segments, 
set in a deep, plaited, and irregular basin. Stalk, about a quarter of an 
inch long, inserted in a very deep, and angular cavity. Flesh, yellowish- 
white, delicate, tender, juicy and sugary. 



142 

A very excellent apple, of first-rate quality as a culinary fruit, and also 
valuable for the dessert ; it is in use from September to January. 




This variety was discovered many years ago, in the West Riding of 
Yorkshire, where it is now cultivated to a large exent. It was first brought 
into notice by John Nelson, a noted Wesleyan preacher in that part of 
the country, who, during his professional visits distributed grafts of it 
among his friends. From this circumstance it became generally known 
by the name of the Nelson Apple. It was called Backhouse's Lord Nelson 
by Mr. Ronalds in the Pyrus Malus Brentfordiensis, from having been re- 
ceived from the York nursery ; but Mr. Backhouse, to whom it refers, dis- 
claims having any merit either in the origin or introduction of it, and 
prefers retaining simply the name of " Nelson ", as a tribute to the 
memory of the excellent man after whom it was named. 

The tree is a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and a most 
abundant bearer. 



240. NEW ROCK 
-Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 269. 



PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 460. 



Lind. 



Identification. 
Guide, 75. 

Fruit, of medium size ; round. Skin, dull green on the shaded side, 
and brownish-red where exposed to the sun, entirely covered with brown 
russet. Eye, deeply set in a round basin. Stalk, short. Flesh, yellow, 
firm, sweet, rich, and perfumed with the flavor of anise. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from January to May. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 1 44 

This variety was raised by Mr. William Pleasance, a nurseryman at 
Barnwell, near Cambridge, and was communicated by him to the London 
Horticultural Society, in 1821. It belongs to the Nonpareil family, and 
is valuable as a late winter apple. 

241. NEWTOWN PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 458. Lind. Guide, 54. Down. Er. 
Araer. 1 18. Eors. Treat. 115. Rog. Er. Cult. 95. 

Synonymes. — Large Yellow Newton Pippin, Coxe View, 142. American New- 
town Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Green Newtown Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. 
ed. 1, 636. Large Newtown Pippin, Ibid. 638. Petersburgh Pippin, Ibid. 780. 
Green Winter Pippin, arc. Down. Fr. Amer. Newton Pippin, Aber. Diet. Neu- 
jorker Reinette, Diet. Kernobst. v. 152. 

Figures. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xciii. f. 6. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvii. f. 1. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, broadest at the base, with broad ob- 
scure ribs extending to the apex, which give it an irregularity in its out- 
line. Skin, at first dull green, but changing as it ripens to a fine olive- 
green, or greenish-yellow, with a redish-brown tinge next the sun, and 
dotted all over with small grey russety dots. Eye, small and closed, set 
in a small and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, 
and inserted all its length, in a deep, round cavity lined with delicate 
russet, which extends over a portion of the base. Flesh, yellowish- white 
tinged with green, firm, crisp, very juicy, with a rich, and highly aromatic 
flavor. 

A dessert apple, which, when in perfection, is not to be surpassed. It 
is in use from December to April. This description being taken from an 
imported specimen, it must not be expected that fruit grown in this 
country, will attain the same degree of perfection ; for like most of the 
best American apples, it does not succeed in this climate. Even with the 
protection of a wall, and in the most favorable situation, it does not 
possess that peculiarly rich aroma, which characterizes the imported fruit. 

The tree is a slender, and slow grower, and is always distinguished, 
even in its young state, by the roughness of its bark. It prefers a strong, 
rich, and genial soil, and, according to Coxe, does not arrive at maturity 
till 20 or 25 years old. 

This is an old American apple. It originated at Newtown, on Long 
Island, U. S., and was introduced to this country about the middle of 
the last century. I find it was cultivated in the Brompton Park nursery 
so early as 1768, under the name of " Newtown Pippin from New York." 
Forsyth remarks that it is said to have been originally from Devonshire, 
but if it were so, there would still have been some trace of it left in that 
county. It is extensively cultivated in New York, and all the middle 
states, and particularly on the Hudson, where the finest American orch- 
ards are. There are immense quantities produced which are packed in 
barrels and exported to Britain and other parts. The month of January, 
is generally the season they arrive in this country, and then they are the 
most attractive of all dessert apples in Covent Garden market ; the name 
serving in many instances, as a decoy for the sale of many other and in- 
ferior varieties. The Alfriston, in many collections, is erroneously culti- 
vated under the name of Newtown Pippin. 



144 



242. NEWTOWN SPITZENBERG.— Coxe. 



Identification. — Goxc, View. 126. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 791. Lind. Guide, 

55. Down. Fr. Amer. 139. 
Synonymes. — Matchless, Hort. Soe. Cat. ed. 1. 397. Burlington Spitzenberg, ace. 

Coxe Cult 126. English JSpitzemberg, Ibid. 
Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 144. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. x. f. 3. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and two 
inches and a quarter deep ; roundish, regularly and handsomely formed, 
a little flattened, somewhat resembling a Nonesuch. Skin, smooth, at 
first pale-yellow tinged with green, but changing to a beautiful clear yel- 
low, on the shaded side ; but of a beautiful clear red .streaked with 
deeper red, on the side next the sun, and strewed with numerous small, 
russety dots. Eye, open, set in a wide, and even basin. Stalk, short 
and stout, inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich and 
pleasantly flavored. 

An American dessert apple, very pretty, and handsome; of good quality, 
but only second-rate ; it is in use from November to February. 

This variety originated at Newtown on Long Island U. S. It received 
the name of Matchless, from the late William Cobbett, who sold it under 
that name 

243. NEW YORK PIPPIN.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind, Plan. Or. Lind. Guide, 76. 

Fruit, rather large, of an oblong figure, somewhat pyramidal, rather 
irregular in its outline, and slightly pentangular on its sides, three of 
which are generally much shorter than the other, forming a kind of lip 
at the crown ; from two inches and a half to three inches deep, and the 
same in diameter at the base. Eye, closed, rather deeply sunk in a very 
uneven irregular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, rather deeply 
inserted in a wide uneven cavity. Skin, dull greenish-yellow, with a few 
green specks, intermixed with a little skin, (thin ?) grey russet, and ting- 
ed with brown on the sunny side. Flesh, firm, crisp, tender. Juice, 
plentiful, saccharine, with a slight aromatic flavor. 

A dessert apple ; in use from November to April. 

An American variety of excellence. The tree grows large, and bears 
well It sometimes happens with this as it does with Hubbard's Pearmain, 
that smooth fruit grow upon one branch and russety ones upon another ; 
and in cold seasons the fruit are for the most part russety. 

It was named the New York Pippin by Mr. Mackie, and first propa- 
gated in his nursery, at Norwich, about forty years ago. (1831.) 

Never having seen or met with this apple, I have here given Mr. 
Lindley's descriptions verbatim, for the benefit of those who may meet 
with it ; as it is no doubt still in existence in the county of Norfolk. 

244. NONESUCH.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 489. Lind. Guide, 20. 

Synonymes. — Nonsuch, Fors. Treat. 116. Bog. Fr. Cult. 36. Down. Fr. Amer. 

91. Langton Nonsuch, Hanb. PI. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxvii. f. 2. 
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and 



THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. _ 145 

a quarter high ; roundish-oblate, regularly and handsomely shaped. 
Skin, smooth, pale yellow, mottled with thin pale red, on the shaded side ; 
and striped with broad, broken stripes of red next the sun. Eye, small 
and closed, set in a wide, shallow, and even basin. Stalk, short and 
slender, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, sugary 
and slightly perfumed. 

An excellent culinary apple, of first-rate quality, and, according to Mr. 
Thompson, excellent for apple jelly ; it is ripe in September, and con- 
tinues during October. 

The tree is a free grower, attaining about the middle size, and is an 
abundant, and early bearer, young trees three years old from the graft 
producing an abundance of beautiful fruit. 

Although an old variety, I do not think this is the Nonesuch, of Rea, 
Worlidge, or Ray, as all these authors mention it as being a long keeper, 
for which circumstance, it might otherwise have been considered the 
same. Rea says " it is a middle sized, round, and red striped apple, of 
a delicate taste, and long lasting. " Worlidge's variety is probably the 
same as Rea's he says " The Non-such is a long lasting fruit, good at the 
table, and well marked for cider." And Ray also includes his Non-such 
among the Winter Apples. 



245. NONPAREIL.— Duh. 

Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 1 13, t. xii. f. 2. Switz. Fr. Gard. 136. Lang. 
Pom. 134. t. lxxix. f. 4. Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 117. 

Synonymes. — Old Nonpariel, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. n. 476. Lind. Guide, 91. Down. 
Fr. Amer. 120. Old or Original Nonpareil, Rog. Fr. Cult. 70. English Nonpareil, 
ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Hunt's Nonpai'eil, Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 659. Lovedon's 
Pippin, Ibid. 573. Reinette Nonpareil. Knoop. Pom. 51, t. ix. Nonpareil 
d'Angleterre, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. I, 647. Due d'Arsel, Ibid. 283. Griine 
Reinette, Sickler. Obstgart. hi. 177, t. 10. Diel Kernobst. v. 95. Norapareil, Chart. 
Cat. 54. Pomme-poire, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 

Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 86. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xx'xiv. f. 5. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, broad at the base and narrowing to- 
wards the apex. Skin, yellowish-green, covered with large patches of 
thin grey russet, and dotted with small brown russety dots, with occasion- 
ally a tinge of dull red, on the side next the sun. Eye, rather prominent, 
very slightly if at all depressed, half open, with broad segments which 
are reflexed at the tips. Stalk, an inch long, set in a round and pretty 
deep cavity which is lined with russet. Flesh, greenish, delicate, crisp, 
rich, and juicy, abounding in a particularly rich, vinous, and aromatic flavor. 

One of the most highly esteemed and popular of all our dessert apples. 
It is in use from January till May. 

The tree is a free grower, and healthy, scarcely attaining the middle 
size, and an excellent bearer. It prefers a light and warm soil, succeeds 
well on the paradise stock, and is well adapted for growing in pots, when 
grafted on the pomme paradis of the French. Bradley in one of his tracts 
records an instance of it being so cultivated. " Mr. Fairchild (of Hoxton) 
has now (February) one of the Nonpareile apples upon a small tree, in a 
pot, which seems capable of holding good till the blossoms of this year 

L 



116 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC 



have ripened their fruit." In the northern counties and in Scotland, it 
does not succeed as a standard as it does in the south, and even when 
grown against a wall, there is a marked contrast in the flavor when com- 
pared with the standard grown fruit of the south. 

It is generally allowed that the Nonpareil is originally from France. 
Switzer says " It is no stranger in England ; though it might have its 
original from France, yet there are trees of them about the Ashtons in 
Oxfordshire, of about a hundred years old, which (as they have it by tra- 
dition) was first brought out of France and planted by a Jesuit in Queen 
Mary or Queen Elizabeth's time." It is strange, however, that an apple 
of such excellence, and held in such estimation as the Nonpareil has always 
been, should have received so little notice from almost all the early con- 
tinental pomologists. 
It is not mentioned in 
the ■ long list of the 
Jardinier Francois of 
1653, nor even by De 
Quintinye, or the Jar- 
dinier Solitaire. Scha- 
bol enumerates it, but 
it is not noticed by 
Bretonnerie. It is 
first described by Du- 
hamel and subse- 
quently by Knoop. 
In the Chartreux cata- 
logue it is said " elle 
est forte estimee en 
Angleterre", but, 
among the writers of 
our own country, Swit- 
zer is the first to notice 
it. It is not mentioned by Rea, Worlidge or Ray, neither is it enumerat- 
ed in the list of Leonard Meager. In America it is little esteemed. 




246. NORFOLK BEEFING.— H. 

Synonymes. — Norfolk Beaufin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 34. Lind. Guide, 55. 
Down. Fr. Amer. 120. Norfolk Beau-fin, Bog. Fr. Cult. 59. Norfolk Becfin, 
Fors. Treat, ed. 3, 124. Reeds Baker, Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 858. Catshead 
Beaufin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 

Figures. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xcii. f. 3. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiii. f. 3. 

Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and three 
quarters high ; oblate, irregular in its outline, caused by several obtuse 
angles or ribs, which extend from the base to the basin of the eye, where 
they form prominent knobs or ridges. Skin, smooth, green at first, but 
changing to yellow, and almost entirely covered with dull brownish-red, 
which is thickest and darkest next the sun ; sometimes it is marked with 
a few broken stripes of dark crimson, and in specimens where the color 
extends over the whole surface, the shaded side is mottled with yellow 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 147 

spots. Eye, open, set in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk short, 
inserted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, firm and crisp, with a brisk 
and pleasant flavor. 

A well known and first-rate culinary apple ; it is in use from January 
to June. It is extensively cultivated in Norfolk, where, besides being 
applied to general culinary purposes, they are baked in ovens, and form 
the dried fruits met with among confectioners and fruiterers, called 
" Norfolk Biffins." 

The tree is vigorous in its young state, but unless grown in a rich soil, 
and a favorable situation, it is apt to canker, particularly if it is too moist. 

The name of this apple has hitherto been written Beaufin, as if of French 
origin ; but it is more correctly Beefing, from the similarity the dried 
fruit presents to raw beef. 

247. NORFOLK PARADISE.— Fors. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 117. Lind. Guide, 77. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 
Figure. — Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xcii. f. 4. 

Fruit, medium sized ; oblong, irregularly formed. Eye, very large, 
deeply sunk in an uneven, oblique hollow. Stalk, rather short, not deeply 
inserted. Skin, greenish-yellow ; on the sunny side of a brownish-red, 
streaked with a darker color. Flesh, white, very firm. Juice, abund- 
ant and of a very excellent flavor. 

A dessert apple ; in use from October till March. 

Its name seems to indicate a Norfolk origin ; but I never could find it 
in any part of the county. — Lindley. 

248. NORFOLK STONE PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 804. 

Synonymes. — Stone Pippin, Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 69. Lind. Guide, 82. 
Diel Kernobst. xi. 1 19. White Stone Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 1071. White 
Pippin, in Norfolk. Englischer Kleiner Steinpepping, Diel Kernobst. xi. 119. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches broad, and the same in height ; 
oblong, slightly angular on the sides, and narrowing a little towards the 
apex. Skin, smooth and very thin, pale green at first, but changing by 
keeping to pale yellow with a mixture of green ; sometimes it has a slight 
tinge of red next the sun. Eye, small, half open, with acuminate seg- 
ments, set in a rather shallow and wide basin. Stalk, slender, half-an- 
inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity with a fleshy protuberance on one 
side of it. Flesh, white, firm and breaking, brisk, sweet, and perfumed. 

An excellent long-keeping culinary apple, and useful also in the des- 
sert ; it is in use from November to July. In the " Guide to the Orch- 
ard," Mr. Lindley says " This is a valuable Norfolk Apple known in the 
Norwich market by the name of White Pippin. The fruit when peeled, 
sliced, and boiled in sugar, becomes transparent, affording for many 
months a most delicious sweetmeat for tarts." 

The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and attains the middle size. 
It is a regular and abundant bearer. 



148 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

249. NORTHERN GREENING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 497. Fors. Treat. 117. Lind. Guide, 
77. Diel Kernobst. xi. 83. 

Synonymes. — W aimer Court, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 1134. Cowarne Queening, 
Bon. Pyr. Mai. 49. John, of some, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxv. f. 4. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and about 
three inches high ; roundish, inclining to ovate, being narrowed towards 
the eye. Skin, smooth and tender, of a beautiful grassy green in the 
shade, and dull brownish-red marked with a few broken stripes of a darker 
color, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with long 
segments, set in a narrow, round, deep, and even basin. Stalk, three 
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a narrow and deep cavity. Flesh, 
greenish-white, tender, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk and somewhat 
vinous flavor. 

An excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November 
to April. 

The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, attaining the largest size, 
and is an abundant bearer. 

This is sometimes called Cowarne Queening, but that is a very differ- 
ent variety, and is a cider apple. 

250. NOTTINGHAM PIPPIN.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two 
inches and a half high ; ovate. Skin, smooth, pale yellow at first, but 
changing by keeping to lemon yellow, without any trace of red, but with 
slight markings of russet. Eye, closed, with long green segments, set in 
a wide and rather deeply plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch 
long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and russety cavity. Flesh, white ? 
fine and marrowy, juicy, sugary, and vinous. 

A second-rate dessert apple ; in use from November till February. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer. 

251. ORD'S APPLE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. ii. p. 285. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 507. Lind. 
Guide, 77. 

Synonyme. — Simpson's Pippin, ace. Hort. Trans. 

Figuiie. — Hort. Trans, vol. ii. t. 19. 

Fruit, medium sized ; conical or oblong, very irregular in its outline, 
caused by prominent and unequal ribs on the sides, which extend to and 
terminate in ridges round the eye. Skin, smooth and shining, deep 
grassy green, strewed with imbedded grey specks, and dotted with brown 
russety dots on the shaded side ; but washed with thin brownish-red, 
which is marked with spots or patches of darker and livelier red, and strew- 
ed with star-like freckles of russet on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, 
small and closed, placed in a rather deep and angular basin, which is 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 



149 




lined with linear nmrks of rough russet. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, 

somewhat oblique- 
ly inserted by the 
side of a fleshy 
swelling, which is 
more or less pro- 
minent. Flesh, 
greenish-white, 
tender, crisp, and 
brittle, abounding 
in a profusion of 
rich, brisk, sugary, 
and vinous juice, 
with a finely per- 
fumed and refresh- 
ing flavor. 

An excellent ap- 
ple, of first-rate 
quality, and well 
deserving of more 
general cultiva- 
tion ; It is in use 
from January to 
May, and keeps well. 

Some thirty years ago, Ord's apple was brought into public notice as 
a variety which was worthy of universal cultivation ; and was considered 
of such importance as to form the subject of a paper in the Horticultural 
Society's Transactions, by A. Salisbury Esq. At that time it was receiv- 
ed into all the collections in the London nurseries, and was very gener- 
ally grown ; but in the course of years it was again lost sight of, and I 
believe there are now very few places where it is to be met with. I shall 
be glad, however, if this notice should direct the attention of some lover 
of a good apple, to rescue this excellent variety from the oblivion into 
which it is likely to fall, and to restore it to the position it once occupied 
as one of our finest dessert apples. 

This excellent variety originated at Purser's Cross, near Fulham, 
Middlesex. It was raised in the garden of John Ord, Esq. by his sister- 
in-law, Mrs. Anne Simpson, from seed of a Newtown Pippin imported 
in 1777. There is another variety called Simpson's Seedling, raised from 
the seed of Ord's apple, to which it is very similar ; but being much in- 
ferior in quality, its cultivation has been in a great measure discontinued. 

252. OSLIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 511. Tors . Treat. 119. Lind. Guide, 5. 
Down. Fr. Amer, 75. Gard. Chron. 1845, 784. Bog. Fr. Cult. 33. 

Synonymes. — White Oslin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 2. Scotch Oslin. Orglon, 
Gibs. Fr. Gard. 353. Orgeline or Orjeline, Fors. Treat, ed. 5, 119. Arbroath 
Pippin, ace. Fors. Treat, ed. 7. Original Pippin, Nicol Villa Gard. 28. Mother 
Apple, ace. Caled Hort. Mem. i. 237. Golden Apple, Ibid. 238. Bur-Knot, 
Ibid. Summer Oslin, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 11. 

Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 5. Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. vi. f. 2. 



150 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high ; 
roundish-oblate, evenly and regularly formed. Skin, thick and membran- 
ous, of a fine pale yellow color, and thickly strewed with brown dots ; very 
frequently cracked, forming large and deep sinuosities on the fruit. Eye, 
scarcely at all depressed. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a very 
shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp and juicy, rich and sugary, 
with a highly aromatic flavor, which is peculiar to this apple only. 

A dessert apple of the highest excellence ; ripe in the end of August, and 
continues during September, but does not last long. Nicol says " this 
is an excellent apple, as to flavor it is outdone by none but the Nonpareil, 
over which it has this advantage, that it will ripen in a worse climate and 
a worse aspect." 

The tree is a free grower, of an upright habit, and an excellent bearer ; 
but is subject to canker as it grows old. The branches are generally 
covered with a number of knobs or burrs ; and when planted in the ground 
these burrs throw out numerous fibres which take root and produce a per- 
fect tree. 

This is a very old Scotch apple, supposed to have originated at Ar- 
broath ; or to have been introduced from France by the monks of the 
Abbey which formerly existed at that place. The latter opinion is, in all 
probability, the correct one, although the name, or any of the synonymes 
quoted above are not now to be met with in any modern French lists. 
But in the " Jardinier Francois " which was published in 1651, I find 
an apple mentioned under the name of Orgeran, which is so similar in 
pronounciation to Orgeline, I think it not unlikely it may be the same 
name with a change of orthography, especially as our ancestors were 
not over particular, in preserving unaltered the names of foreign intro- 
ductions. 



253. OSTERLEY PIPPIN.— H. 

Synonyme and Figure. — Osterley Apple, Hon. Pyr. Mai. 59, pi. xxx. f. 1. 

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; orbicular, flattened at the base and apex. 
Skin, yellowish-green, strewed with thin russet and russety dots on the 
shaded side ; but washed with thin red, and strewed with russety specks 
on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, with short stunted seg- 
ments, set in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted 
in a wide, and rather shallow cavity, which is lined with thin russet. 
Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, rich, juicy and sugary, with a brisk 
and aromatic flavor, somewhat resembling, and little inferior to the Rib- 
ston Pippin. 

A handsome and very excellent dessert apple ; it is in use from Octo- 
ber to February, and is not subject to be attacked with the grub, as the 
Ribston Pippin is. 

This variety was raised from the seed of the Ribston Pippin, at Osterley 
Park, the seat of the Earl of Jersey, near Isleworth, Middlesex, where 
the original tree is still in existence. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 101 

254. OXNEAD PEARMAIN.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. Guide, 78. 

Synonyme. — Ear] of Yarmouth's Pearmain, Lind. PI. Or. 1796. 

Fruit, small and conical. Skin, entirely grass green, always covered 
with a thin russet ; sometimes when highly ripened it is tinged with a 
very pale brown on the sunny side. Eye, very small, surrounded with 
a few obscure plaits. Stalk, very slender, three quarters of an inch long. 
Flesh, pale green, very firm and crisp, not juicy, but very rich and 
highly flavored. 

A dessert apple ; in use from November to April. 

I have never seen this apple. It was first noticed by Mr. George 
Lindley whose description of it I have given above. He says " it is sup- 
posed to have originated at Oxnead, near Norwich, the seat of the Earl 
of Yarmouth. It has been known many years in Norfolk, no doubt prior 
to the extinction of that Peerage in 1733, and I have never seen it out 
of the county. The tree is a very small grower ; its branches are small 
and wiry and of a grass green color ; it is very hardy and an excellent 
bearer." 



255. PADLEY'S PIPPIN.— Fors. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 119. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 516. Lind. Guide, 
21. Gard. Cliron. 1847, 36. Rog. Fr. Cult. 83. 

Synonymes.— Compote, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Padley's Royal George Pippin, 
Ron. Pyr. Mai. 32. 

Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 151. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvi. f. 5. 

Fruit, small, two inches wide, and an inch and a half high ; roundish- 
oblate. Skin, pale greenish-yellow rather thickly covered with thin grey 
russet, and faintly tinged with orange next the sun. Eye, small and 
closed, set in a shallow and rather angular basin. Stalk, three quarters 
of an inch long, slender, and inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, 
yellow, juicy, sugary, brisk and richly aromatic. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use during December and 
January. 

The tree is of small dimensions, but healthy, and a prolific bearer. It 
is well adapted for dwarf training, when grown on the paradise or doucin 
stock. 

This variety was raised by Mr. Padley, gardener to his Majesty George 
III., at Hampton Court. According to Rogers, Mr. Padley was a native 
of Yorkshire, and after coming to London and filling a situation of re- 
spectability, he was appointed foreman in the kitchen garden at Kew. 
" On the death of the celebrated ' Capability Brown ' Mr. G. Haverfield 
was removed from Kew to Hampton Court, and took Mr. Padley with him 
as foreman. On the death of Haverfield, Padley's interest with his sover- 
eign out-weighed all the interests of other candidates, though urged by 
the most influential persons about Court. " No, no, no, " said his Majesty, 
"it is Padley's birthright." 



152 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, I i( 




256. PARRY'S PEARMAIN.— Hort. 

« 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 554. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 41. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxi. f. 3. 

Fruit, small ; oval, and regular in its shape. Skin, almost entirely 

covered with dark dull red, and 
striped with brighter red, except 
a portion on the shaded side, 
which is green; the whole surface 
is thickly strewed with small 
russety dots, which give it a 
speckled appearance. Eye, small 
and open, set in a shallow basin. 
Stalk, sometimes short and fleshy 
as represented in the accompany- 
ing figure ; and at other times, 
about half-an-inch long, and 
woody, but still retaining the 
swollen boss at its union with 
the fruit. Flesh, firm in texture, 
crisp, very juicy and pleasantly 
acid, with a sweet, brisk, and 
poignant flavor. 

A nice sharp-flavored dessert apple ; but considered only of second- 
rate quality ; it is in use from December to March. 

257. PATCH'S RUSSET— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 747. Lind. Guide, 92. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two inches 
and a quarter high ; oval, and slightly angular on its sides. Skin, green- 
ish-yellow, entirely covered with thin grey russet. Eye, small, with long 
acuminate segments, set in a narrow and irregular basin. Stalk, an inch 
long, very slender, inserted in a round, even, and deep cavity. Flesh, 
yellowish-white, crisp, brisk and aromatic. 

A good dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use during November 
and December. 

258. PASSE POMME D'AUTOMNE.— Duh. 

Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fr. i. 278. Dahuron. Traite'. 115. Chart. Cat. 50. 
Rog. Fr. Cult. 39. 

Synonymes. — Passe Pomme Rouge d'Automne, Diel Kernobst ii. 50. Generate, 
ace. Duhamel. Pomme d'Outre passe, Ibid. Passe Pomme Cotellee, Merlet. 
Abreye. Herbststrich Apfel, Mayer. Pom. Franc. Tab. iii. f. 3. Rother Herbst- 
striehapfel, Diel Kernobst. ii. 50. 

Figures. — Mayer. Pom. Franc, t. iii. f. 3. Sickler Obstgart. xv. t. 7. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a 
quarter high ; round and slightly flattened, with prominent ribs on the 
sides, which extend into the basin of the eye. Skin, pale straw-colored, 
almost white, with a few stripes of red on the shaded side ; but entirely 



THE APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 153 

covered with beautiful crimson, which is striped with darker crimson, and 
strewed with small grey dots where exposed to the sun. Eye, large and 
closed, set in a rather shallow and ribbed basin. Stalk, fleshy, set in a 
wide and deep cavity. Flesh, very white, tinged with red, more so than 
the Passe Pomme Rouge, tender, juicy, rich, sugary and vinous. 

An excellent autumn culinary apple ; ripe in September. 

The tree is vigorous and healthy, but does not attain a large size. It 
is a very abundant bearer, and well suited for dwarf training when grown 
on the paradise or doucin stock. 

Dahuron says of this apple " on la nomme en Hollande Pomme de 
Jerusalem ; " but according to Knoop, the Dutch pomologist, it is the 
Pigeon, which is known under that name. 

259. PASSE POMME ROUGE.— Duh. 

Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 277. Dahuron Traite. 114. Bret. Ecole, ii. 
470. Bon. Jard. Chart. Cat. 49. Rog. Fr. Cult. 32. 

Synonymes. — Rother August- Apfel, Henne Anweis, 150. Rothe Sommerpass- 
pomm, Christ Handworter, 68. Rothe Kurzdauerende Apfel, Ibid, 

Figure. — Nois. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 92. 

Fruit, small ; roundish-oblate, even and regularly formed. Skin, thick, 
red all over, pale on the shaded side, but of a deep and bright color next 
the sun ; and so sensitive of shade, if any portion of it is covered with a 
leaf or twig, a corresponding yellow mark will be found on the fruit. 
Eye, small, set in a narrow, even, and rather deep basin. Stalk, half-an- 
inch long, slender, set in a wide, deep, and even cavity. Flesh, white, 
tinged with red under the skin on the side exposed to the sun, crisp, 
juicy, and richly flavored when first gathered, but soon becomes dry and 
woolly. 

An excellent early apple, suitable either for culinary purposes or dessert 
use ; it is ripe in the beginning of August, but may be used in pies before 
then. Bretonnerie says it may be used " en compote " in the beginning 
of July, and is preferable to the Calville Rouge d'Ete. 

The tree is rather a delicate grower, never attaining a large size, but 
healthy and hardy, and an excellent bearer. It succeeds well as a dwarf 
on the paradise or doucin stock. 

260. PAWSAN.— Knight. 
Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 15. Lind. Guide, 109. 

Fruit, above the middle size, two inches and three quarters wide, and 
two inches and a quarter high ; pretty round, without angles, but some- 
times it is oval. Crown, but little hollow. Eye, small, with short re- 
flexed segments of the calyx. Skin, dull muddy olive-green, a good deal 
reticulated with fine network. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, 
slender, causing the fruit to be pendant. 

Specific gravity of the juice, 1076. 

Many trees of the Pawsan are found in the south-east, or Ryland district 
of Herefordshire, which have apparently stood more than a century. Its 




154 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

pulp is exceedingly rich and yellow, and in some seasons it affords cider 
of the finest quality. Its name cannot be traced to any probable source. 

261. PEARSON'S PLATE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 565. Down. Fr. Amer. 126. 

Fruit, small ; roundish, inclining to oblate, regularly and handsomely 

formed. Skin, smooth, greenish- 
yellow in the shade ; but washed 
with red, and streaked with deeper 
red on the side next the sun. Eye, 
open, with short segments, set in a 
shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, 
half-an-inch long, inserted in a 
round and rather shallow cavity. 
Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, 
and juicy, with a rich, and brisk 
sugary flavor, somewhat resembling 
the Nonpareil. 

A most delicious little dessert 
apple of the first quality ; it is in 
use from December to March. 

In some specimens of the fruit there is no red color, but altogether 
green, and covered with thin brown russet. 

262. PENNINGTON'S SEEDLING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, d. 571. Lind. Guide, 93. Down. Fr. 
Amer. 127. 

Fruit, medium sized, three inches wide, and two inches and three quar- 
ters deep ; oblato-ovate. Skin, green at first, changing to yellowish-green, 
and covered with large russety spots on the shaded side ; but with rough 
brown russet and a tinge of brown on the side next the sun. Eye, closed, 
with long and narrow segments, set in a round, shallow, and undulating 
basin. Stalk, an inch long, stout, and straight, inserted in a wide and 
shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary and brisk ; 
with an excellent aromatic flavor. 

A dessert apple of the highest excellence, either as a dessert or a 
culinary fruit ; it is in use from November to March. 

263. PETIT JEAN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 581. Lind. Guide, 79. Hort. Trans, 
vol. iv. p. 525. 

Fruit, small ; oval, and flattened at the ends. Skin, almost entirely 
covered with brilliant red ; but where shaded, it is pale yellow marked with 
a few stripes of red. Eye, small, set in a narrow basin. Stalk, very 
short, and inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, very white and tender, with 
a mild and agreeable flavor. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 155 

By some considered as a dessert apple ; but of inferior quality. Mr. 
Thompson thinks it may, perhaps, do for cider ; it is in use from Novem- 
ber to March. 

The tree is a very abundant bearer. 

This is a Jersey apple, and has for a long period been cultivated in the 
orchards of that Island. It was transmitted to the gardens of the London 
Horticultural Society, by Major General Le Couteur, of Jersey, in the 
year 1822. 

264. PETWORTH NONPAREIL.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 477. Salisb. Orch. 134. 
Synonyme and Figure. — Green Nonpareil, Bon. Pyr. Mai. 67, pi. xxxiv. f. 4. 

This variety very closely resembles the old Nonpareil ; but is rather 
larger ; and though it possesses the flavor of the old variety, it is not 
nearly so rich. The tree is hardy and an excellent bearer. It was raised 
at Petworth, in Sussex, at the seat of Lord Egremont. 

265. PIGEON.— Knoop. 

Identification. — Knoop. Pom, 62, tab. xi. Dun. Arb. Fruit, i. 306, t. xii. f. 3. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 582. 

Synonymes. — Jerusalem, Quint. Inst. i. 201. Lang. Pom. 134. t. lxxvi. f. 4. 
Coeur de Pigeon, ace Duhamel. Pigeon Eouge, Diel. Kemobst. iii. 58. Gros 
Cceur de Pigeon, Filass. Tab. Passe-Pomme, ace. Knoop. Duif Apfel, Knoop. 
Eotber Taubenapfel, Mayer. Pom. Franc. No. 28, tab. xviii. Kothe Tauben- 
apfel, Sickler. Obstgdrt. v. 323. t. 16. Arabian Apple, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 

Figures. — Jard. Fruit, ed. 2. pi. 98. Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxiii. f. 1. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and 
three quarters high ; conical and angular. Skin, membranous, shining, 
pale yellow with a greenish tinge, which it loses as it attains maturity ; 
but covered with fine clear red on the side next the sun, and strewed all 
over with minute russety dots and imbedded white specks ; the whole 
surface is covered with a bluish bloom, from which circumstance it receives 
the name of Pigeon, being considered similar to the plumage of a dove. 
Eye, open, with erect segments, prominently set in a narrow and plaited 
basin. Stalk, very short, inserted in a deep and russety cavity. Flesh, 
white, tender, soft and juicy, pleasantly flavored, but not at all rich. 

A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; but excellent for all culinary 
purposes ; it is in use from November to January. It is necessary in stor- 
ing this apple that care should be taken to prevent fermentation, by which 
its pleasant acidity is destroyed. 

The tree, though vigorous in its young state, never attains a great size. 
Its shoots are long, slender and downy. It is an abundant and regular 
bearer. 

This apple is called Porame de Jerusalem, from, as some fancy, the 
core having four cells, which are disposed in the form of a cross, but 
this is not a permanent character, as they vary from three to five. 

Diel erred in applying the synonymes of Knoop's Pigeon bigarre to 
this variety, which is very distinct from the Pigeonnet. 



156 



266. PIGEONNET.— Duh. 



Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 305. Calvel. Traite, iii. 32. Hort. Soc. 
Cat. ed. 3, n. 583. 

Synonymes. — Pigeon Bigarre, Knoop. Pom. 62. Passe-pomme Panachee, Ibid. 132. 
Pigeonnet Blanc, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 1, 786. Pigeonnet Blanc d'Ete, ace. HorL 
Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Pigeonnet Gros de Rouen, Hort.Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 787. Museau 
de Lievre. Bon. Jard. American Peach, of some, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Tauben- 
artige, Taubenfarbige Apfel, Christ Handworter, 110. 

Figures.— Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 98. Poit. et. Turpin. t. 80. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and the same 
in height ; oblato-ovate. Skin, pale greenish-yellow on the shaded side ; 
but entirely covered with red on the side next the sun, and striped and 
rayed with darker red, some of the stripes extending to the shaded side. 
Eye, small and open, with erect segments, set in a slightly depressed 
basin. Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, 
white and delicate, of an agreeable acidulated and perfumed flavor. 

A dessert fruit of second-rate quality ; in use during August and 
September. 

267. PILE'S RUSSET.— Miller. 

Identification. — Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 120. Lind. Guide, 93. Rog. Fr. Cult. 
107. Diel. Kernobst. iii. B. 8. 

Synonyme. — Pyle's Russet, Brad. Fam. Diet. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish-oblate and obscurely ribbed on the 
sides. Skin, dull green, thickly covered with pale brown russet, which 
is strewed with greyish-white dots, and pale green stelloid freckles on the 
shaded side ; but dull olive mixed with orange, with a tinge of brown, 
and strewed with scales of silvery russet, intermixed with rough dots of 
dark russet, on the side next the sun. Eye, closed, with long broad 
segments, set in a deep and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a 
deep and oblique cavity, which is lined with scales of rough russet. Flesh, 
greenish, tender, crisp, breaking, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk 
and very poignant juice. 

A very superior old English apple, particularly for culinary purposes ; 
it is in use from October to March. 

The tree is very healthy and vigorous, and attains the largest size. 
It is also an excellent bearer. 



268. PINE APPLE RUSSET.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. Plan. Or. Lind. Guide, 94. 
Synonyme — Hardingham's Russet, in Norfolk. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches 
and a half high ; roundish-ovate, with broad obtuse angles on its sides. 
Skin, pale greenish-yellow, almost covered with white specks on one part, 
and rough thick yellow russet on the other, which extends round the stalk. 



THE APPLE. ITS YAPJETIES. 157 

Eye, small, with short connivent segments, placed in a shallow, plaited 
basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted half its length in an uneven cavity. 

Flesh, very pale yellow, tender, crisp, very juicy, sugary, brisk and 
richly aromatic. 

A very valuable dessert apple ; in use during September and October. 
Mr. Lindley says the juice of this apple is more abundant than in any he 
had ever met with. The oldest tree remembered in Norwich was grow- 
ing a century ago (1830) in a garden belonging to a Mr. Hardingham, 



269. PITMASTON NONPAREIL.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 265. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 478. 
Fors. Treat. 117. Lind. Guide, 95. Rog. Fr. Cult. 67. 

Synonymes. — St. John's Nonpareil, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 669. Pitmaston Russet 
Nonpareil, ace. Hort. Trans. 

Figure. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. t. 10. f. 4. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a half 
high ; roundish and flattened. Skin, pale green, almost entirely covered 
with russet, and with a faint tinge of red on the side next the sun. Eye, 
open, set in a broad, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in 
a shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, rich, and highly aromatic. 

A dessert apple of the greatest excellence. It is in use from December 
to February. 

This variety was raised by John Williams, Esq., of Pitmaston, St. John's, 
near Worcester, and was first communicated to the London Horticultural 
Society in 1820. 



270. PITMASTON GOLDEN WREATH.— M. 

Identification and Figure. — Maund. Fruit, pi. 16. 

Fruit, very small, half-an-inch wide by half-an-inch high ; conical and 
undulating round the eye. Skin, of a fine deep rich yellow, strewed with 
russety dots. Eye, large and open, with long, spreading, acuminate seg- 
ments, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, very slen- 
der, inserted in a narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, rich yellow, crisp, 
juicy and sugary. 

A pretty little apple ; in use from September to Christmas. 

This beautiful variety was raised by J. Williams, Esq., of Pitmaston, 
from the Golden Pippin, impregnated with the pollen of the Cherry apple, 
or what is usually called the Siberian Crab. 

271. PINNER SEEDLING.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 530. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 587. 
Lind. Guide, 79. 

Stnonyme.— Car el's Seedling, Hort. Soc. Cart. ed. 1, 791. 
Fruit, medium sized, roundish-ovate, and slightly angtdar on the sides. 



158 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 




Skin, greenish-yellow, nearly covered with clear yellowish-brown russet, 

so much so, that only 
spots of the ground color 
are visible ; it has also a 
varnished redish-brown 
cheek next the sun which 
is more or less visible 
according to the quantity 
of russet which covers it. 
Stalk, half-an-inch long, 
inserted in a narrow and 
deep cavity. Flesh, yel- 
lowish, tinged with green 
tender, crisp, juicy, 
sugary and briskly 
flavored. 

A dessert apple of 
first-rate quality ; it is 
in use from December 
to April. 

This excellent apple was raised by James Carel, a nurseryman at Pinner, 
Middlesex, in 1810. The tree first produced fruit in 1818, and was in- 
troduced to the notice of the London Horticultural Society, in 1820. 

272. POMME GRISE.— Fors. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 120. Down. Fr. Amer. 124. 

Synontmes. — Grise, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 305. Gray Apple, ace. Downing. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvi. f. 6. 

Fruit, small, two inches wide, and an inch and three quarters high ; 
roundish and inclining to ovate. Skin, rough, with thick scaly russet, 
green in the shade, and deep orange on the side next the sun. Eye, 
small and open, set in a narrow and shallow basin. Stalk, about half-an- 
inch long, inserted in a shallow and small cavity. Flesh, yellowish, 
crisp, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk and highly aromatic flavor. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to February. 

The tree is rather a weak grower, but an abundant bearer. 

This apple, according to Forsyth, was first introduced to this country 
from Canada, by Alexander Barclay, Esq., of Brompton, near London. 



273, 274. POMEROY. 

There are two very distinct varieties of apples, which, in different 
parts of the country, are known by the same name of Pomeroy. The 
one is that which is cultivated in Somersetshire and the West of England, 
and the other is peculiar to Lancashire and the Northern counties. 

The Pomeroy of Somerset, is medium sized, two inches and three 
quarters wide, and the same in height ; conical. Skin, greenish -yellow, 
covered with thin grey russet, on the shaded side ; but orange, covered 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 159 

with stripes of deep red, and marked with patches and spots of russet on 
the side exposed to the sun, and strewed all over with numerous large, 
dark russety dots. Eye, open, set in a round and even basin. Stalk, 
short, not extending beyond the base, inserted in a round, even, and 
russety cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, and highly fla- 
vored. 

An excellent dessert apple ; in use from October till December. 

The Pomeroy of Lancashire, is medium sized, two inches and three 
quarters wide, and two inches and a half high ; roundish, slightly ribbed 
at the apex. Skin, smooth, pale yellow on the shaded side, but clear 
pale red next the sun, which blends with the yellow towards the shaded 
side, so as to form orange ; the whole covered with russety dots. Eye, 
small and closed, placed in a small and shallow basin. Stalk, short, im- 
bedded in an angular cavity with a swelling on one side of it, and from 
which issue a few ramifications of russet. Flesh, whitish, tender, crisp, 
juicy, and with a brisk flavor, a good deal like that of the Manks Codlin. 

An excellent culinary apple ; in use during September and October. 

The tree is healthy, hardy, and an excellent bearer, well adapted for 
orchard planting, and succeeds well in almost all situations. 

There are several other varieties which are cultivated under" this ap- 
pellation, to which local specific names are attached. ; but as I have not 
seen any of these, they will be found among the " additional varieties " at 
the end of that portion of this work which treats on the apple. 

275, POMEWATER.— Gerard. 
Identification. — Ger. Herb. Park. Par. 587. Raii. Hist. ii. 1447. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two inches 
and a half high ; roundish, and narrowing a little towards the apex, dis- 
tinctly five-sided, and terminating at the crown in five prominent ridges. 
Skin smooth, yellowish-green, tinged with thin brownish-red in the shade ; 
but covered with dark dull red on the side next the sun. Eye, closed, 
placed in a rather deep and angular basin. Stalk, stout, an inch long, 
inserted in a round and even cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, 
and pleasantly flavored. 

A culinary apple ; in use from December to January. 

I think there is little doubt that this is the Pome Water of Gerard. 
It is still grown in Lancashire, and on the borders of Cheshire, of which 
county Gerard was a native, and with the fruits of which, he was, in all 
probability, best acquainted. 

276. PONTO PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 594. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and the same in 
height ; conical, narrow at the eye. Skin, pale greenish-yellow in the 
shade ; but red on the side next the sun, and strewed all over with spots 
and dots of dark russet. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and 
irregular basin. Stalk, short, set in a wide and shallow cavity. Flesh, 



1G0 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



greenish-white, crisp, tender, juicy, sugary, with a brisk and rich flavor. 
A dessert apple, of good, though not of first-rate quality ; it is in use 
from November to February. 

277. POPE'S APPLE.— H. 

Fruit, large ; ovate, handsomely and regularly formed. Skin, clear 
yellow, tinged with greenish patches, and strewed with dark dots ; on the 
side next the sun it is marked with a few faint streaks of crimson. Eye, 
large and open, like that of the Blenheim Pippin, and set in a wide and. 
plaited basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in a round cavity, which is 




lined with rough russet, and with an incipient protuberance on one side 
of it. Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, sugary and juicy, with a rich and 
excellent flavor. 

A very valuable apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; it is 
in use from November to March. 

This variety has all the properties of the Blenheim Pippin, and is much 
superior to it, keeps longer, and has the great advantage of being an early 
and abundant bearer. 

This excellent apple is as yet but little known. I met with it in the 
neighbourhood of Sittingbourne, in Kent, where it is greatly esteemed 
and now extensively cultivated for the supply of the London markets. 
The account I received of it was, that the original tree grew in the gar- 
den of a cottager of the name of Pope, at Cellar Hill, in the parish of 
Linstead, near Sittingbourne. It was highly prized by its owner, to whom 
the crop afforded a little income, and many were the unsuccessful appli- 
cations of his neighbours for grafts of what became generally known as 
Pope's Apple. The proprietor of this cottage built a row of other dwell- 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 161 

ings adjoining it, in the gardens of which there were no fruit trees ; for 
the sake of uniformity, and in spite of Pope's importunities and the offer 
of twenty shillings annual increase in the rental, the tree was condemned, 
and cut down in 1846, at which period it was between 50 and 60 years 
old. A few days after it was destroyed, Mr. Fairbeard, a nurseryman at 
Green Street, procured a number of the grafts which he was successful in 
propagating, and it is to him I am indebted for this variety. 

278. POWELL'S RUSSET.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort . Soc. Cat. ed. 3, h. 748. Lind. Guide, 95. Rog. Fr. Cult. 74, 
Figure— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xiii. f. 9. 

Fruit, small, two inches wide, and an inch and three quarters high ; 
roundish, and regularly formed, broad and flattened at the base, and 
narrowing a little towards the eye. Skin, almost entirely covered with 
pale brown russet ; but where any portion of the ground color is visible, 
it is greenish-yellow on the shaded side, and tinged with brown where 
exposed to the sun. Eye, open, placed in a round, even, and shallow 
basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a rather wide, and 
shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, very juicy and sugary, with a rich 
and highly aromatic flavor. 

A dessert apple of the very first quality ; it is in use from November 
to February. 

279. PROLIFEROUS REINETTE.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and the same 
in height ; oval, with ten obscure ribs, extending from the base to the 
apex, where they form five small crowns. Skin, of a dull yellow ground 
color, marked with small broken stripes or streaks of crimson, and thickly 
covered with small russety specks. Eye, closed, placed in a shallow, 
plaited, and knobbed basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to three quarters 
long, deeply inserted the whole of its length in a round and smooth cavity. 
Flesh, yellowish-white, very juicy and sugary, with a rich and brisk flavor. 

A very fine, briskly flavored dessert apple ; in use from October to 
December. 

I received this variety from the garden at Hammersmith, formerly in 
the possession of the late Mr. James Lee. 

280. QUEEN OF SAUCE.— H. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two inches and a 
half high ; obtuse-ovate, broad and flat at the base, narrowing towards 
the crown, and angular on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded 
side ; but on the side exposed to the sun it is flushed with red, which is 
marked with broken streaks of deeper red ; it is strewed all over with 
patches of thin delicate russet, and large russety specks, those round the 
eye being linear. Eye, open, set in a deep and angular basin, which is 
russety at the base. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch long, deeply in- 

M 



162 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

serted in a round cavity, which is lined with coarse russet. Flesh, yel- 
lowish, firm, crisp, juicy and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality, and not unworthy of the dessert ; 
it is in use from November to January. 

281. RABINE.— Hort. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, and much flattened, ribbed on the 
sides, and undulated round the margin of the basin of the eye. Skin, 
greenish-yellow, marked with a few faint, broken streaks and freckles of 
red, and strewed with grey russety dots on the shaded side ; but dark 
dull red, marked and mottled with stripes of deeper red, on the side next 
the sun. Eye, partially open, with broad flat segments, and placed in an 
angular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and uneven cavity, from 
which issue a few linear markings of russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, 
crisp, very juicy and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. 

An excellent apple, suitable either for culinary purposes or for the des- 
sert, but more properly for the former ; it is in use from October to 
Christmas. 

282. RAMBO.— Coxe. 

Identification. — Coxe View. 116. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Down. Fr. Amer. 93. 

Stnonyme — Romanite, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. American Seek-no-farther, Ibid. 
Bread and Cheese Apple, ace. Down. Fr. Amer. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a 
quarter high ; roundish oblate. Skin, smooth, pale yellow on the shaded 
side; but yellow, streaked with red, on the side next the sun, and strewed 
with large russety dots. Eye, closed, set in a wide, rather shallow, and 
plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, and slender, inserted more than half 
its length in a deep, round, and even cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, ten- 
der and delicate, with a brisk and pleasant flavor. 

An American apple, suitable either for the dessert or for culinary pur- 
poses ; and esteemed in its native country as a variety of first-rate excel- 
lence ; but with us of inferior quality, even as a kitchen apple ; it is in use 
from December to January. 

283. RAMBOUR FRANC— Duh. 

Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 307, pi. x. Mill. Diet. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 
n. 615. Down. Fr. Amer. 94. 

Stnontmes. — Frank Rambour, Switz.Fr. Gard. 135. Lind. Guide, 15. Rambour 
Gros, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 844. Rambour Blanc, Merlet. Abrege. Rambour. 
Quint. Inst. i. 202. Dahur. Traite. 1 15. Le Rambour, Bret. Ecole, ii. 470. 
Rambourg, Riv. et Moul. Meth. 190. Rambourge, Gibs. Fr. Gard. 353. Pome 
de Rambures, Rea Pom. 210. Rambour d'ete, Poit. et Turp. Rambour d'ete 
or Summer Rambour, Coxe View. Cambour, Bauh. Hist. i. 21. Charmant 
Blanc, Zink Pom. No. 10. t. 2. Pomme de Notre Dame, ace. Dahuron. 
Friiher Rambourger, Mayer Pom. Franc. No. 18, t. 13. Weisse Sommerram- 
bour, Sickler Obstgart. ix. 25. Lothinger, Saltz. Pom. No. 5. Lothinger Ram- 
bour, Diel Kernobst. i. 93. 

Figures.— Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 94. Sickler Obstgart. ix. t. 3. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 163 

Fruit, very large, four inches broad, and three inches high ; roundish 
and flattened, with five ribs on the sides which extend to the eye, forming 
prominent ridges round the apex. Skin, yellow, marked with thin pale 
russet on the shaded side ; but streaked and mottled with red on the side 
next the sun. Eye, closed , and deeply set in an angular basin. Stalk, 
short, deeply inserted in a round, even, and regular cavity, which is lined 
with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, and of a leathery texture, brisk and 
sugary, with a high flavor. 

A good culinary apple ; in use during September and October. 

This is an old French apple which must have been long cultivated in 
this country ; as it is mentioned by Rea so early as 1665. It is supposed 
to take its name from the village of Rembures, in Picardy, where it is 
said to have been first discovered. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an abundant bearer. 

284. RAVELSTON PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 522. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 622. 
Lind. Guide, 9. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a half high ; roundish, irregular in its shape, caused by several 
obtuse ribs which extend into the basin of the eye, round which they form 
prominent ridges. Skin, greenish -yellow, nearly covered with red streaks, 
and strewed with russety dots. Eye, closed, and set in an angular basin. 
Stalk, short and thick, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, 
sweet, and pleasantly flavored. 

A dessert apple, of such merit in Scotland as to be generally grown 
against a wall ; but in the south, where it has to compete with the pro- 
ductions of a warmer climate, it is found to be only of second-rate quality. 
Ripe in August. 

285. RED ASTRACHAN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 522. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 17. 
Lind. Guide, 6. Down. Er. Amer. 75. Rog. Er. Cult. 33. 

Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 123. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. v. f. 2. 

Fruit, above the medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and 
three inches high ; roundish, and obscurely angular on its sides. Skin, 
greenish-yellow where shaded, and almost entirely covered with deep 
crimson on the side exposed to the sun, the whole surface covered with 
a fine delicate bloom. Eye, closed, set in a moderately deep and some- 
what irregular basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in a russety cavity. 
Flesh, white, crisp, very juicy, sugary, briskly and pleasantly flavored. 

An early dessert apple, but only of second-rate quality. It is ripe in 
August, and requires to be eaten when gathered from the tree, as it soon 
becomes meally. 

This variety was imported from Sweden, by William Atkinson, Esq., 
of Grove End, Paddington, in 1816. 

The tree does not attain a large size, but is healthy and vigorous, and 
an abundant bearer. 

M 2 



104 



286. RED INGESTRIE.— Hort. 



Identification.— Hort. Trans, vol. i. 227. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 358. Lind. 
Guide, 23. Down. Fr. Amer, 95. Rog. Fr. Cult. 81. 

Figukes.— Pom. Mag. t. 17. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 6. 

Fruit, small, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and a quarter 
high ; ovate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, clear bright yel- 
low, tinged and mottled with red on the side exposed to the sun, and 
strewed with numerous pearly specks. Eye, small, set in a wide and 
even basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a small and shallow 
cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, juicy, and highly flavored. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use during October and 
November. 

This excellent little apple was raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., 
from the seed of the Orange Pippin impregnated with the Golden Pippin, 
about the year 1800. It, and the Yellow Ingestrie, were the produce of 
two pips taken from the same cell of the core. The original trees are 
still in existence at Wormsley Grange, in Herefordshire. 

287. RED-MUST.— Evelyn. 

Identification. — Evelyn Pom. Worl. Vin. 162. Pom.Heref. Lind. Guide, 109. 
Figure. — Pom. Heref. t. 4. 

Fruit, nearly, if not quite, the largest cider apple cultivated in Here- 
fordshire. It is rather broad and flattened, a little irregular at its base, 
which is hollow. Stalk, slender. Crown, sunk. Eye, deep, with a stout 
erect calyx. Skin, greenish-yellow on the shaded side, with a deep rosy 
color where exposed to the sun, and shaded with a darker red. — Lindley. 

The Red Must has at all periods been esteemed a good cider apple, 
though the ciders lately made with it, unmixed with other apples, have 
been light, and thin ; and I have never found the specific gravity of its 
expressed juice to exceed 1064. — Knight. 

288. RED-STREAK.— Evelyn. 

Identification. — Evelyn Pom. Worl. Vin. 164. Nourse Camp. Fel. 143. Fors. 
Treat. 123. Lind. Guide, 110. Pom. Heref. t. 1. Down. Fr. Amer. 146. 

Synonymes.— Herefordshire Red-Streak, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 625. Scuda- 
more's Crab. 

Figures. — Pom. Heref. t. 1. Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xciii. f. 4. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex. Skin, 
deep clear yellow, streaked with red on the shaded side ; but red, streaked 
with deeper red on the side next the sun. Eye, small, with convergent 
segments, set in a rather deep basin. Stalk, short and slender. Flesh, 
yellow, firm, crisp, and rather dry. 

Specific gravity of the juice, 1079. 

A cider apple, which at one period was unsurpassed, but now compara- 
tively but little cultivated. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAKIETIES. 165 

Perhaps there is no apple which at any period created such a sensation, 
and of which so much was said and written during the 17th century, as 
of the Red Streak. Prose and verse were both enlisted in its favor. It 
was chiefly by the writings of Evelyn it attained its greatest celebrity. 
Philips, in his poem — Cyder, says 

" Let every tree in every garden own 
The Red Streak as supreme, whose pulpous fruit, 
With gold irradiate, and vermilion, shines 
Tempting, not fatal, as the birth of that 
Primaeval, interdicted plant, that won 
Fond Eve, in hapless hour to taste, and die. 
This, of more bounteous influence, inspires 
Poetic raptures, and the lowly muse 
Kindles to loftier strains; even I, perceive 
Her sacred virtue. See! the numbers flow 
Easy, whilst, cheer'd with her nectareous juice, 
Her's, and my country's praises, I exalt." 

but its reputation began to decline about the beginning of the last century, 
for we find Nourse saying, " As for the liquor which it yields, it is highly 
esteemed for its noble colour and smell ; 'tis likewise fat and oily in the 
taste, but withal very windy, luscious and fulsome, and will sooner clog 
the stomach than any other cider whatsoever, leaving a waterish, raw 
humour upon it ; so that with meals it is no way helpful, and they who 
drink it, if I may judge of them by my own palate, will find their stomachs 
pall'd sooner by it, than warm'd and enliven'd." 

The Red Streak seems to have originated about the beginning of the 
17th century, for Evelyn says " it was within the memory of some now 
living, surnamed the Scudamore's Crab, and then not much known save 
in the neighbourhood." It was called Scudamore's Crab, from being ex- 
tensively planted by the first Lord Scudamore, who was son of Sir James 
Scudamore, from whom Spencer is said to have taken the character of 
Sir Scudamore in his " Fairie Queen." He was born in 1600, and created 
by Charles I. Baron Dromore and Viscount Scudamore. He was at- 
tending the Duke of Buckingham when he was stabbed at Portsmouth, 
and was so affected at the event that he retired into private life, and de- 
voted his attention to planting orchards, of which the Red-Streak formed 
the principal variety. In 1634 he was sent as ambassador to France, in 
which capacity he continued for four years. He was a zealous royalist 
during the civil wars, and was taken prisoner by the parliament party, 
while his property was destroyed, and his estate sequestered. He died 
in 1671. 

289. RED STREAKED RAWLLNG.— H. 

Synonyme and Figure.— Eawling's Fine Redstreak. Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. x. f. 2. 

Fruit, large, three inches wide by two and a quarter deep ; roundish, 
and slightly angular. Skin, yellow, streaked with red on the shaded side ; 
but entirely covered with clear dark red, and striped with still darker red 
on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow 
and plaited basin. Stalk, long and slender, inserted in a wide and deep 
-"vity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, sweet, juicy 



cav 



166 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

and well flavored, abounding in a sweet and pleasant juice. 

A culinary apple, well adapted for sauce ; it is in use from October to 
Christmas. 

This is an old Devonshire apple, and no doubt the Sweet Rawling re- 
ferred to in a communication to one of Bradley's " Monthly Treatises," 
from which the following is an extract. " We have an apple in this 
country called a Rawling, of which there is a sweet and a sour ; the sour 
when ripe (which is very early) is a very fair large fruit, and of a pleasant 
taste, inclined to a golden color, full of narrow red streaks ; the Sweet 
Rawling, has the same colours but not quite so large, and if boiled grows 
hard ; whereas the sour becomes soft. Now what I have to inform you 
of is, viz.: I have a tree which bears both sorts in one apple; one side of 
the apple is altogether sweet, the other side sour ; one side bigger than 
the other ; and when boiled the one side is soft, the other hard, as all 
sweet and sour apples are." 

290. REINETTE DE BREDA.— Diel. 

Identification. — Diel Kernobst. i. 110. Sickler Obstgart. ix. 212. 
Figure. — Sickler Obstgart. ix. t. 9. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two and a 
quarter high ; roundish and compressed. Skin, at first pale yellow, but 
changing as it ripens to fine deep golden yellow, and covered with numer- 
ous russety streaks and dots, and with a tinge of red and fine crimson 
dots, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, set in a wide and plaited basin. 
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish- 
white, firm and crisp, but tender and juicy, with a rich vinous and aro- 
matic flavor. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to March. 

This is the Reinette d'Aizerna of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue, 
and may be the Nelguin of Knoop, but it is certainly not the Reinette 
d'Aizerna of Knoop. 

291. REINETTE BLANCHE D'ESPAGNE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc, Cat. ed. 3, n. 636. Diel Kernobst. v. B. 80. Mayer 

Pom. Franc. Down. Fr. Amer. 130. 
Stnonymes. — Reinette d'Espagne, Bret. Ecole, ii. 477. Reinette Tendre. Blanc 

d'Espagne, Bon. Jard. 1843, 514. D'Espagne, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. De Rateau, 

ace. Pom. Mag. Concombre Ancien, Ibid. Fall Pippin, Bog. Fr. Cult. 95. 

Cobbett's Fall Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Large Fall Pippin,' Hort. Soc. Cat. 

ed. 1, 315 Camuesar, in Spain. White Spanish Reinette, Pom. Mag. Lind 

Guide, 83. 

Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 110. 

Fruit, very large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches and 
three quarters high ; oblato-oblong, angular on the sides and uneven at 
the crown, where it is nearly as broad as at the base. Skin, smooth and 
unctuous to the feel, yellowish-green in the shade, but orange tinged 
with brownish-red next the sun, and strewed with dark dots. Eye, large 
and open, set in a deep, angular, and irregular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch 
long, inserted in a narrow, and even cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 167 

tender, juicy and sugary. 

An apple of first-rate quality, suitable for the dessert, but particularly 
so for all culinary purposes. It is in use from December to April. 

The tree is healthy and vigorous, and an excellent bearer. It requires 
a dry, warm, and loamy soil. 

292. REINETTE DE CANADA.— Bret. 

Identification. — Bret. Ecole, ii. 476. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 868. Bon. Jard. 

Synonymes. — Reinette du Canada, Col. Traite. iii. 51. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 
640. Grosse Reinette d'Angleterre, Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 299, t. xii. f. 5. Reinette 
de Canada Blanche, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. I, 868. Reinette de Canada a Cotes, 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 869. Reinette de Caen, Ibid. 867. De Canada, Ibid. 139. 
De Bretagne, Ibid. 104. Portugal, Ibid. 803. Janurea, Ibid. 489. Reinette 
Grosse de Canada, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. St. Helena Russet, Ibid. Wahre 
Reinette, Ibid. Grosse Englische Reinette, Diet Kernobst. i. 106. Canadian 
Reinette, Lind. Guide, 40. Pom. Mag. Canada Reinette, Down. Fr. Amer. 129. 
Grosse d'Angleterre, Mala Janurea, of the Ionian Islands. 

Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 77. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2. pi. 96. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xi. f. 1. 
Poit. et Turp. pi. 32. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches deep ; 
oblato-conical, with prominent ribs originating at the eye, and diminish- 
ing as they extend downwards towards the stalk. Skin, greenish-yellow, 
with a tinge of brown on the side next the sun, covered with numerous 
brown russety dots, and reticulations of russet. Eye, large, partially closed, 
with short segments, and set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, 
about an inch long, slender, inserted in a deep, wide, and generally 
smooth cavity. Flesh, yellowish- white, firm, juicy, brisk, and highly 
flavored. 

An apple of first-rate quality, either for culinary or dessert use ; it is in 
season from November to April. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains a large size. It 
is also an excellent bearer ; the finest fruit are produced from dwarf 
trees. 

293. REINETTE CARPENTIN.— -Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 35. 

Synonyme.— Kleine Graue Reinette, Sickler Obstgart. ix. 413. Der Carpentin, 
Diel Kernobst. i. 174. 

Figure. — Sickler Obstgart. ix. t. 18. 

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high ; 
roundish or rather oblato- oblong. Skin, yellowish-green on the shaded 
side ; but striped, and washed with dark glossy red, on the side next the 
sun, and so much covered with a thick cinnamon-colored russet that the 
ground colors are sometimes only partially visible. Eye, set in a wide 
saucer-like basin, which is considerably depressed. Stalk, an inch long, 
thin, and inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, 
delicate, tender and juicy, with a brisk, vinous, and peculiar aromatic 
flavor, slightly resembling anise. 

A first-rate dessert apple ; in use from December to April. 



1G8 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

The tree is a free grower, with long slender shoots, and when a little 
aged, is a very abundant bearer. 

294. REINETTE DIEL.— Van Mons. 

Identification. — Diel Kernobst. i. B. 78. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 647. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches wide, and two and a quarter 
high ; oblate, even, and handsomely shaped. Skin, at first yellowish- 
white, but changes by keeping to a fine yellow color ; on the side next 
the sun it is marked with several crimson spots and dots, strewed all over 
with russety dots, which are large and brownish on the shaded side, but 
small and greyish on the other. Eye, open, with short segments, set in 
a wide and rather shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a 
deep and russety cavity, with sometimes a fleshy boss at its base. Flesh, 
white, firm, crisp, delicate and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and spicy flavor. 

A beautiful and excellent dessert apple of the first quality ; it is in use 
from December to March. 

The tree is a strong, healthy, and vigorous grower, and an abundant 
bearer. 

This variety was raised by Dr. Van Mons, and named in honor of his 
friend Dr. Aug. Friedr. Adr. Diel. 

295. REINETTE FRANCHE.— Duh. 

Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 300. Bret. Ecole, ii. 474. Knoop Pom. 53, 
t. ix. Lind. Guide, 56. 

Synonymes. — Reinette Blanche, Quint. Inst. i. 201. Reinette Blanche dite Prime, 
Merlet Abrege. Reinette Blanche or Franche, Mill. Diet. French Reinette, Bog. 
Fr. Cult. 104. Franz Renette, Mayer Pom. Franc. 3, No. 46. Reinette de Nor- 
mandie, Christ Handb. No, 92. Weisse Reinette, Salz. Pom. No. 22. Franz- 
osische Edelreinette, Diel Kernobst. i. 120. 

Figure. — Nois. Jard. Fruit, ed. 2, pi. 93. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches and a quarter wide, and two 
inches and a half high ; roundish-oblate, slightly angular on its sides, and 
uneven round the eye. Skin, smooth, thickly covered with brown russety 
spots ; greenish-yellow, changing as it ripens to pale-yellow ; and some- 
times tinged with red when fully exposed to the sun. Eye, partially open, 
with long green segments, set in a wide, rather deep, and, prominently 
plaited basin. Stalk, short, and thick, deeply inserted in a round cavity, 
which is lined with greenish-grey russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, 
delicate, crisp and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and musky flavor. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to April. 
Roger Schabol says, it has been kept two years, in a cupboard excluded 
from the air. 

The tree is a free grower, and an abundant bearer ; but subject to 
canker, unless grown in light soil, and a dry and warm situation. 

This is a very old French apple, varying very much in quality accord- 
ing to the soil in which it is grown ; but so highly esteemed in France 
as to take as much precedence of all other varieties, as the Ribston and 
Golden Pippin does in this country. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 169 

296. REINETTE GRISE.— Quint. 

Identification.— Quint. Inst. i. 201. Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 302. Knoop Pom. 50. 
t. ix. Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 123. Rog. Fr. Cult. 103. 

Synonymes. — Reinette Grise Extra, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1,895. Belle Fille, 
Ibid. 53. Prager, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2. Grauwe Franse Renett, Knoop 
Pom. 132. Aecbte Graue Franzosische Reinette. Reinette Grise Francaise 
Diel Kernobst. i. 168. Reinette Grise d'Hiver, Riv. et. Moul. Meth. 191. 

Figures. — Ron. Pyr. Mai pi. xxxii. f. 8. Brook. Pom. Brit, lxxxviii. f. 1. 

Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two and a half high ; 
roundish, flattened on both sides, rather broadest at the base, and gener- 
ally with five obscure angles on the sides. Skin, dull yellowish- green in 
the shade, and with a patch of thin, dull, brownish-red on the side next 
the sun, which is so entirely covered with brown russet that little color 
is visible ; the shaded side is marked with large linear patches of rough 
brown russet. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and set in a deep 
and angular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep and angular 
cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, with a brisk 
and excellent flavor. 

A very fine dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November 
to May. 

The tree is a healthy and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer. 

This is one of the finest old French apples ; but considered inferior to 
the Reinette Franche. 

297. REINETTE JAUNE SUCREE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 673. Diel Kernobst. v. 112. 

Synonymes. — Citron, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 159. D'Angloise, Ibid. 13. Chance, 
ace. Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3. Gelbe Zuekerreinette, Diel Kernobst. v. 112. 

Fruit, rather above medium size, three inches broad, and two and a 
half high ; roundish, and very much flattened at the base. Skin, thin 
and tender, pale green at first, but changing as it attains maturity to a 
fine deep yellow, with a deeper and somewhat of an orange tinge on the 
side exposed to the sun ; and covered all over with numerous large russety 
dots, and a few traces of delicate russet. Eye, open, with long acuminate, 
green segments, set in a wide, rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, an 
inch long, inserted in a deep round cavity, which is lined with thin russet. 
Flesh, yellowish, delicate, tender and very juicy, with a rich sugary flavor 
and without much acidity. 

Either as a dessert or culinary apple, this variety is of first-rate excel- 
lence ; it is in use from November to February. 

The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and a good bearer, but it is 
very subject to canker unless grown in a light and warm soil. 

298. REINETTE VAN MONS. 

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; inclining to conical in shape. Skin, yellow 
on the shaded side, but redish-brown, shading off to orange-yellow, 
where exposed to the sun ; the whole strewed with numerous russety 



170 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

dots. Eye, closed, and placed in a small, round basin. Stalk, short, 
inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, 
tender, crisp, rich, and sugary. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December till April 
or May. 

299. REINETTE VERTE.— Merlet. 

Identification. — Merlet Abrege. Riv. et Moul. Meth. 192. Knoop Pom. 49, 
t. 8. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed, 3, n. 699. 

Synonymes. — Groene Franse Renette, ace. Knoop Pom. 132. Groene Renet, Ibid, 
t. 8. Griine Reinette, Sickler Obstgart. iii. 177. Diel Kernobst. v. 95. 

Figuke. — Mayer Pom. Franc, t. xxvi. Sickler Obstgart. iii. t. 10. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two and 
a quarter high ; roundish, considerably flattened at the base, and slightly 
ribbed at the eye, handsome, and regularly shaped. Skin, thin, smooth 
and shining, pale green at first, but becoming yellowish-green as it attains 
maturity, with sometimes a redish tinge, and marked with large grey 
russety dots and lines of russet. Eye, partially closed, with long acumi- 
nate segments, set in a pretty deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about an 
inch long, inserted in a deep and round cavity, lined with russet, which 
extends in ramifications over the whole of the base. Flesh, yellowish- 
white, tender and juicy, with a sweet, vinous, and highly aromatic flavor, 
"partaking of the flavors of the Golden Pippin and Nonpareil". 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to May. 

The tree is vigorous and healthy, and a good bearer ; but does not 
become of a large size. 

300. RHODE ISLAND GREENING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Coxe View, 129. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 37. Down. Fr. Amer. 
128. 

Synonymes. — Green Newtown Pippin, Lind. Guide, 50. Jersey Greening, Coxe 
View, 129. Burlington Greening, ace. Coxe. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a 
half high ; roundish and slightly depressed, with obscure ribs on the sides. 
Skin, smooth and unctuous to the touch, dark green at first, becoming 
pale as it ripens, and sometimes with a faint blush near the stalk. Eye, 
small and closed, set in a slightly depressed basin. Stalk, three quarters 
of an inch long, curved, thickest at the insertion, and placed in a narrow 
and rather deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish, tinged with green, tender, 
crisp, juicy, sugary, with a rich, brisk, and aromatic flavor. 

An apple of first-rate quality for all culinary purposes, and excellent 
also for the dessert ; it is in use from November to April. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, hardy, and an excellent 
bearer ; succeeds well in almost any situation. 

This variety is of American origin, and was introduced to this country 
by the London Horticultural Society, who received it from David Hosack, 
Esq., M.D., of New York. It is extensively grown in the middle 
states of America, where the Newtown Pippin does not attain perfection, 
and for which it forms a good substitute. 



THE APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 171 

301. RIBSTON PIPPIN.— Fors. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat, ed. 7, 124. Hort. Soc Cat. ed. 3, n. 704. Lind. 

Guide, 80. Diel Kernobst. xi. 93. Down. Fr. Amer. 131. Rog. Fr. Cult. 88. 
Stnonymes. — Glory of York, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 946. Formosa Pippin, Ibid. 

341. Traver's Pippin. Ibid. 1117. Did Kernobst. vi. B. 108. 

Figures. — Pom. Mag. 1. 141. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxvii. f. 5. Pom.Lond. Brook. 
Pom. Brit. pi. Ixxxviii. f. 6. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and irregular in its outline, caused by 
several obtuse and unequal angles on its sides. Skin, greenish-yellow, 
changing as it ripens to dull yellow, and marked with broken streaks of 
pale red on the shaded side ; but dull red changing to clear faint crimson, 
marked with streaks of deeper crimson, on the side next the sun, and 
generally russety over the base. Eye, small and closed, set in an irregular 
basin, which is generally netted with russet. Stalk, half-an-inch long, 
slender, and generally inserted its whole length in a round cavity, which is 
surrounded with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, rich and sugary, 
charged with a powerful aromatic flavor. 

An apple so well known, as to require neither description nor encomium. 
It is in greatest perfection during November and December ; but with 
good management will keep till March. 

The tree is in general hardy, a vigorous grower, and a good bearer, 
provided it is grown in a dry soil ; but if otherwise it is almost sure to 
canker. In all the southern and middle counties of England it succeeds 
well as an open standard ; but in the north, and in Scotland, it requires 
the protection of a wall to bring it to perfection. Nicol calls it "a uni- 
versal apple for these kingdoms ; it will thrive at John O'Groat's, while 
it deserves a place at Exeter or at Cork." 

There is no apple which has ever been introduced to this country, or 
indigenous to it, which is more generally cultivated, more familiarly 
known, or held in higher popular estimation, than the Ribston Pippin. It 
has long been in existence in this country, but did not become generally 
known till the end of the last century. It is not mentioned in any of the 
editions of Miller's Dictionary, or by any other author of that period ; 
neither was it grown in the Brompton Park nursery in 1770. In 1785 I 
find it was grown to the extent of a quarter of a row, or about 25 plants ; 
and as this supply seems to have sufficed for three years' demand, its 
merits must have been but little known. In 1788, it extended to one 
row, or about one hundred plants, and three years later to two rows ; 
from 1791, it increased one row annually, till 1794, when it reached five 
rows. From these facts we may pretty well learn the rise and progress of 
its popularity. It is now in the same nursery cultivated to the extent of 
about 25 rows, or 2500 plants annually. 

The original tree was first discovered growing in the garden at Ribston 
Hall, near Knaresborough, but how, when, or by what means it came 
there, has not been satisfactorily ascertained. One account states that 
about the year 1688, some apple pips were brought from Rouen and sown 
at Ribston Hall, near Knaresborough ; the trees then produced from them 
were planted in the park, and one turned out to be the variety in question. 
The original tree stood till 1810, when it was blown down by a violent 
gale of wind. It was afterwards supported by stakes in a horizontal posi- 



172 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

tion, and continued to produce fruit till it lingered and died in 1835. 
Since then, a young shoot has been produced about four inches below the 
surface of the ground, which, with proper care, may become a tree, and 
thereby preserve the original of this favorite old dessert apple. The gar- 
dener at Ribston Hall, by whom this apple was raised, was the father- t of 
Lowe, who during the last century was the fruit tree nurseryman at 
Hampton Wick. 

302. ROBINSON'S PIPPIN.— Forsyth. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 124. Lind. Guide, 56. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 

711. Rog. Fr. Cult. 97. 
Figures. — Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 42. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxii. f. 3. Brook. Pom. 

Brit. pi. xci. f. 1. 

Fruit, small ; roundish, narrowing towards the apex, where it is quite 

flat, and covered with thin russet. 
Skin, greenish-yellow on the shad- 
ed side ; but brownish-red where 
exposed to the sun, and strewed 
all over with minute russety dots. 
Eye, prominent, not at all depress- 
ed, and closed with broad flat seg- 
ments. Stalk, half-an-inch long, 
stout, and inserted in a slight de- 
pression. Flesh, greenish, tender, 
crisp, sweet, and very juicy; with 
a fine, brisk, poignant, and slightly- 
perfumed flavor, much resembling 
that of the Golden Pippin and 
Nonpareil. 

A very excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from 
December to February. The fruit is produced in clusters of sometimes 
eight and ten, at the ends of the branches. 

The tree is of small size and slender growth, and not a free bearer. 
It is well adapted for dwarf and espalier training when grafted on the 
doucin or paradise stock, in which case it also bears better than on the 
crab stock. 

According to Mr. Lindley this variety was grown for many years in 
the old kitchen garden at Kew ; and Rogers thinks it first originated 
in the Turnham Green nursery, which was during a portion of the last 
century, occupied by a person of the name of Robinson. 

303. ROSE DE CHINA.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 718. 

Fruit, medium sized, or rather below medium size ; roundish and 
flattened, almost oblate, regularly formed, and without angles. Skin, 
smooth and delicate, pale greenish-yellow, with a few broken streaks of 
pale red, intermixed with crimson, on the side exposed to the sun, and 
strewed with minute dark colored dots. Eye, partially closed, set in a 




THE APPLE, 



-ITS VARIETIES. 



173 



shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, an inch long, very slender, 
inserted in a round, deep, smooth, and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, 
yellowish-white tinged with green, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a sweet 
and pleasant flavor. 

A very good, but not first-rate, dessert apple ; it is in use from Novem- 
ber to February. This does not appear to be the " Rose Apple of China " 
of Coxe, which he imported from England, and which he says is a large 
oblong fruit with a short thick stalk. 



304. ROSEMARY RUSSET.— Ronalds. 
Identification and Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 31, pi. xvi. f. 1. 



Fruit, below medium size 




ovate, broadest at the base and narrowing 
obtusely towards the 
apex, a good deal of 
the shape of a Scarlet 
Nonpareil. Skin, yel- 
low, tinged with green 
on the shaded side ; 
but flushed with faint 
red on the side exposed 
to the sun, and covered 
with thin pale brown 
russet, particularly 
round the eye and the 
stalk. Eye, small and 
open, with erect seg- 
ments, set in a narrow, 
round, and even basin. 
Stalk, very long, in- 
serted in a round and 
wide cavity. Flesh, 
yellowish, crisp, ten- 



der, 



very juicy, 



brisk, 



and sugary, and charg- 
ed with a peculiarly rich and highly aromatic flavor. 

A most delicious and valuable dessert apple of the very first quality ; 
it is in use from December till February. 



305. ROSS NONPAREIL.— Hort. 

Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 480. 

Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiv. f. 7. 



Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 454 
Lind. Guide, 96. Down. Fr. Amer. 95. 

Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 90, 



Fruit, medium sized, two inches high, and two inches and a half broad ; 
roundish, even, and regularly formed, narrowing a little towards the eye. 
Skin, entirely covered with thin russet, and faintly tinged with red on the 
side next the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow and even basin. 
Stalk, an inch long, slender, inserted half its length in a round and even 



174 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk and sugary, charged 
with a rich and aromatic flavor, which partakes very much of that of the 
varieties known by the name of Fenouillet, or Fennel-flavored apples. 

This is one of the best dessert apples ; it is in use from November to 
February. 

The tree is an excellent bearer, hardy, and a free grower, and succeeds 
well on almost any description of soil. 

This variety is of Irish origin. 

306. ROUND WINTER NONESUCH.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 491. 

Fruit, large, over three inches wide, and two and a half high ; round- 
ish and very considerably flattened, or somewhat oblate ; uneven in its 
outline, caused by several obtuse and unequal, though not prominent ribs 
on the sides. Skin, thick and membranous, smooth, pale yellow slightly 
tinged with green on the shaded side ; but on the side exposed to the 
sun, it is marked with broken stripes and spots of beautiful deep crimson, 
thinly sprinkled all over with a few russety dots. Eye, large and closed, 
so prominently set and raised above the surface as to appear puffed up, 
and set on bosses. Stalk, very short, inserted in a round funnel-shaped 
cavity, and not protruding beyond the base. Flesh, greenish-white, ten- 
der, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from November to 
March. 

The tree is an excellent bearer, and the fruit being large and beauti- 
ful, this variety is worthy the notice of the market gardener and orchardist. 

307. ROYAL PEARMAIN.— Rea. 

Identification.— Rea Pom. 210. Lind. Guide, 81. Gibs. Fr. Gard. 357. Rog. 
Fr. Cult. 73. Diel Kernobst. xii. 132. Meag. Eng. Gard. 

Synontmes — Herefordshire Pearmain, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 544. Switz. Fr. Gard. 
137. Down. Fr. Amer. 112. Hertfordshire Pearmain, Mill. Diet. Pearmain 
Royal, Knoop Pom. 71, tab. xii. Pearmain Royal De Longue Duree, Ibid. 131. 
Engelsche Konings of Kings Pepping, Ibid. Merveille Pearmain, Ibid. Pear- 
main Double, Ibid. Englische Konigsparmane, Diel Kernobst. xii. 132. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxii. f. 4. 

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and the same in height ; pearmain- 
shaped and slightly angular, having generally a prominent rib on one 
side of it. Skin, smooth, dark dull green at first on the shaded side, but 
changing during winter to clear greenish-yellow, and marked with traces 
of russet ; on the side next the sun it is covered with brownish-red and 
streaks of deeper red, all of which change during winter to clear crimson 
strewed with many russety specks. Eye, small and open, with broad 
segments which are reflexed at the tips, and set in a wide, pretty deep, 
and plaited basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to three quarters long, in- 
serted in a deep cavity which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, tinged 
with green, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary and perfumed, with a brisk and 
pleasant flavor. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 175 

A fine old English apple, suitable chiefly for culinary purposes, and 
useful also in the dessert. It comes into use in November and Decem- 
ber, and continues till March. 

The tree attains the middle size, is a free and vigorous grower, very 
hardy, and an excellent bearer. 

In the Horticultural Society's Catalogue this is called the old Pearmain, 
but this name is applicable to the Winter Pearmain. Rea is the first who 
notices the Royal Pearmain, and he says " it is a much bigger and better 
tasted apple than the common kind." The Royal Pearmain of some 
nurseries is a very different variety from this, and will be found described 
under Summer Pearmain. 

308. ROYAL REINETTE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv, p. 529. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 692. 
Lind. Guide, 82. 

Fruit, large ; conical. Skin, yellow, smooth and glossy, strewed all 
over with russety spots ; stained and striped with brilliant red on the side 
next the sun. Eye, large and open, set in an even and shallow basin. 
Stalk, very short, inserted in a very narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, 
pale yellow, firm and tender, juicy and sugary, with a brisk and pleasant 
flavor. 

A very good apple for culinary purposes, and second-rate for the des- 
sert ; it is in use from December to April. 

The tree is an abundant bearer, and is extensively grown in the western 
parts of Sussex, where it is esteemed a first-rate fruit. 

309. ROYAL RUSSET.— Miller. 

Identification. — Mill. Diet. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 749. Fors. Treat. 125. 
Rog. Fr. Cult. 108. Lind. Guide, 96. 

Synonyme. — Passe Pomme de Canada, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Reinette de Canada 
Grise, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 870. Reinette de Canada Platte, Ibid. 871. Leather 
Coat, Laws. Orck 65. Rail Hist. 1448. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xix. f. 1. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three 
quarters high ; roundish, somewhat flattened and angular. Skin, covered 
with rough brown russet, which has a brownish tinge on the side next 
the sun ; some portions only of the ground color are visible, which is 
yellowish-green. Eye, small and closed, set in a narrow and rather shal- 
low basin. Stalk, half- an-inch long, inserted in a wide and deep cavity. 
Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, crisp, brisk, juicy and sugary. 

A most excellent culinary apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from 
November to May, but is very apt to shrink and become dry, unless, as 
Mr. Thompson recommends, it is kept in dry sand. 

The tree is of a very vigorous habit, and attains the largest size. It is 
perfectly hardy and an excellent bearer. 

This has always been a favorite old English variety, being mentioned 
by Lawson so early as 1597, and much esteemed by almost every subse- 
quent writer. 



376 



310. ROYAL SHEPHERD.— H. 



Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two and three quar- 
ters high ; roundish, inclining to ovate, slightly ribbed, and narrowing 
towards the eye. Skin, greenish-yellow in the shade ; but covered with 
dull red next the sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots. 
Eye, partially closed, set in a round and rather deep basin. Stalk short, 
inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with ramifications 
of russet. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk and pleasantly flavored. 

A very good culinary apple, grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster. 
It is in use during November and December and will keep till March or 
April. 



311. RUSSET TABLE PEARMAIN.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 557. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 41. 
Figure. — Kon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxi. f. 1. 



Fruit, below medium size 




tie apple of first-rate excellence, 
ruary. 



oblong-ovate. Skin, very much covered 
with brow r n russet ; except on the 
shaded side, where there is a lit- 
tle yellowish-green visible, and 
on the side next the sun, where 
it is orange, with a flame of deep 
bright crimson, breaking through 
the russet. Eye, open, with erect, 
rigid segments, and set in a wide, 
shallow, saucer-like, and plaited 
basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, 
slender, and extending beyond 
the base. Flesh, yellow, firm, 
very rich, juicy, and sugary, with 
a fine aromatic, and perfumed 
flavor. 

A beautiful and handsome lit- 
It is in use from November to Feb- 



312. RUSHOCK PEARMAIN.— M. 

Identification and Figure. — Maund. Fruit, 70 

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and the 
same in height ; conical, even and handsomely formed. Skin, of a fine 
deep yellow color, almost entirely covered with cinnamon-colored russet, 
with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, 
with broad, flat segments, which generally fall off as the fruit ripens. 
Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, stout, and inserted in a pretty deep 
cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk, sub-acid, 
and sugary flavor. 

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality; it is in use from 



THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 17 7 

Christmas to April. It is frequently met with in the Birmingham 
markets. This variety was, according to Mr. Maund, raised by a black- 
smith of the name of Charles Taylor, at Rushock in Worcestershire, 
about the year 1821, and is sometimes known by the name of Charles's 
Pear main. 

313. RYMER.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 329. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. n. 358. 
Lind. Guide, 33. 

Synonymes. — Caldwell, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed i. 124. Green Cossings, Ibid. 411. 
Newbold's Duke of York, Ibid. 286. Cordwall 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xli. f. 2. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and 
three quarters high ; roundish, and flattened, with five obscure ribs, on 
the sides, extending into the basin of the eye. Skin, smooth, thinly 
strewed with redish-brown dots, and a few faint streaks of pale red on 
the shaded side ; and of a beautiful deep red, covered with yellowish- 
grey dots, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with broad reflexed 
segments, set in a round and moderately deep basin. Stalk, short, 
inserted in a round and deep cavity, lined with rough russet, which 
extends in ramifications over the base. Flesh, yellowish, tender, and 
pleasantly sub-acid. 

A good culinary apple, in use from October to Christmas. 

314. SACK AND SUGAR.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. n. 761. Rog. Fr. Cult. 41. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 1. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and an 
inch and three quarters high ; roundish, inclining to oval, with promi- 
nent ridges round the eye. Skin, pale yellow. Eye, large, and open with 
erect segments, and rather deeply placed in a round, wide, and angular 
basin. Flesh, white, soft, tender, very juicy, sugary, and pleasantly 
flavored. 

A good early apple, either for culinary purposes or the dessert ; ripe 
in the end of July and beginning of August, and continuing during 
September. 

The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and an immense bearer, so 
much so, as to be injurious to the crop of the following year. 

This apple was raised nearly half a century ago, by Mr. Morris, a 
market gardener, at Brentford, and is sometimes met with under the 
name of Morris's Sack and Sugar. 

315. SAINT JULIEN.— Calvel. 

Identification.— Cal. Traite', iii. 27. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. n. 764. Pom. 

Mag. iii. 165. 
Synonymes.— Seigneur d'Orsay, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Concombre des Chartreux. 

Heilige Julians apfel. 

N 



178 BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and 
three quarters high ; roundish, narrowing towards the eye, and angular 
on its sides. Skin, yellowish-green, covered with large patches of ashy 
colored russet, and in dry warm seasons, sometimes tinged with red. 
Eye, open, set in a rather shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, an inch 
long, slender, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, 
juicy, sugary, and richly flavored. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from December to 
March. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer. 

316. SAM YOUNG.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 324. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 768. 

Lind. Guide, 97. Down. Fr. Amer. 134. 
Stnonyme. — Irish Russet, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. i. 985. 
Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 130 

Fruit, small, an inch and three quarters high, and about two inches 
and a half wide ; roundish-oblate. Skin, light greenish-yellow, almost 
entirely covered with grey russet, and strewed with minute russety dots 
on the yellow part, but tinged with brownish-red on the side next the 
sun. Eye, large and open, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. 
Stalk, short, not deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow, tinged with green, 
firm, crisp, tender, juicy, sugary, and highly flavored. 

A delicious little dessert apple, of the first quality ; in use from 
November to February. 

This variety is of Irish origin, and was first introduced to public 
notice by Mr. Robertson, the nurseryman of Kilkenny. 

317. SCARLET CROFTON.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iii. p. 453. Hort. Soc. Cat ed. 3, n. 192. 
Stnonyme. — Red Crofton, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 

Fruit, medium sized ; oblate, slightly angular on the sides. Skin, 
covered with yellowish russet, except on the side next the sun, where 
it is bright red, with a mixture of russet. Eye, set in a wide and 
shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. 
Flesh, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, and richly flavored. 

A most delicious dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; in use from 
October to December, and does not become meally. 

The Scarlet Crofton is of Irish origin. 

318. SCARLET LEADINGTON.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 404. 

Fruit, above medium size ; oval, angular, broadest at the base and 
narrowing towards the eye, where it is distinctly four-sided. Skin, 
striped with yellow, and bright red or scarlet streaks, and thickly 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 179 

covered with russety specks. Eye, large and closed, with long broad 
segments, and set in a shallow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a wide 
and shallow cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, streaked 
and veined with pink or lilac-red veins, firm, crisp, juicy, and sugary, 
with a brisk and pleasant flavor. 

An apple much esteemed in Scotland, as a first-rate variety, both for 
the dessert and culinary purposes ; but it does not rank so high in the 
south ; it is in use from November to February. 

319. SCARLET NONPAREIL.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 482. Lind. Guide, 98. Fors. Treat. 

118. Down. Er. Amer. 120. Rog. Er. Cult. 69. 
Synonyme. — New Scarlet Nonpariel, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 87. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi, xxxiv. f. 1. 

Fruit, medium sized ; globular, narrowing towards the apex, regularly 

and handsomely shaped. 
Skin, yellowish on the 
shaded side ; but covered 
with red, which is streaked 
with deeper red, on the 
side next the sun ; and 
covered with patches of 
russet and large russety 
specks. Eye, open, set in 
a shallow and even basin. 
Stalk, an inch or more in 
length, inserted in a small 
round cavity, which is 
lined with scales of silvery 
grey russet. Flesh, 

yellowish - white, firm, 
juicy, rich, and sugary. 
A very excellent dessert 
apple, of first-rate quality ; 

it is in use from January to March. 

The tree is hardy, a good grower, though slender in its habit ; and 

an excellent bearer. 

The Scarlet Nonpareil, was first discovered growing in the garden of 

a publican, at Esher, in Surrey, and was first cultivated by Grimwood, of 

the Kensington nursery. 

320. SCARLET PEARMAIN.— Hitt. 

Identification. — Hitt Treat. 296. Eors. Treat. 93. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 558. 

Lind. Guide, 33. Down. Fr. Amer. 96. Rog. Fr. Cult. 72. 
Synonymes.— Bell's Scarlet Pearmain, Eon. Pyr. Mai 15. Bell's Scarlet, Hort. 

Soc. Cat. ed. i. 767. Oxford Peach Apple, Ibid. 741. Englische Scharlachrothe 

Parmane. Diel Kernobst. x. 111. 

Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 62. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. viii. f. 2. 

N 2 




180 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and 
a quarter high ; conical, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, 
smooth, tender and shining, of a rich, deep, bright crimson, on the side 
next the sun; but of a paler color, intermixed with a tinge of yellow, 
on the shaded side ; and the whole surface sprinkled with russety dots. 
Eye, half open, with long broad segments, set in a round, even, and 
rather deep basin. Stalk, from three quarters to an inch long, deeply 
inserted in a round, even, and funnel-shaped cavity, which is generally 
russety at the insertion of the stalk. Flesh, yellowish, with a tinge of 
red under the skin ; tender, juicy, sugary, and vinous. 

A beautiful, and handsome dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; in use 
from October to January. 

The tree is a free and vigorous grower, attaining about the middle 
size ; and is an excellent bearer. It succeeds well on the paradise 
stock, on which it forms a good dwarf or espalier tree. The variety 
called Hood's Seedling, seems to me to be identical with the Scarlet 
Pearmain. 

321. SCARLET TIFFING.— H. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a 
quarter high; roundish, inclining to oblate, and irregularly angular. 
Skin, pale yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side, and round the 
eye ; but deep scarlet where exposed to the sun, extending in general 
over the greater portion of the fruit. Eye, small and closed, set in an 
irregular, ribbed, and warted basin. Stalk, fleshy, about half an inch 
long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, pure white, very tender, crisp, 
juicy, and pleasantly acid. 

A valuable and excellent culinary apple, much grown in the orchard 
districts about Lancaster. It is in use during November and December. 

322. SCOTCH BRIDGET.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, broadest at the base, and narrowing 
towards the apex, where it is rather knobbed, caused by the terminations 
of the angles on the sides. Skin, smooth, greenish-yellow, on the 
shaded side, and almost entirely covered with bright deep red on the 
side next the sun. Eye, closed, set in an angular and warted basin. 
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, straight, thick, and stout, inserted 
in a very narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, white, tender, soft, juicy, 
and briskly flavored. 

An excellent culinary apple, much grown in the neighbourhood of 
Lancaster ; in use from October to January. 

323. SCREVETON GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, iv. 218. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. n. 288. 

Fruit, larger than the old Golden Pippin, and little, if at all, inferior 
to it in flavor. Skin, yellowish, considerably marked with russet. 
Flesh, yellow, and more tender than the old Golden Pippin. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 



181 



A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; 
John Thoroton, Bart., at Screveton, in 
year 1808. It is in use from December to April. 



raised in the garden of Sir 
Nottinghamshire, about the 



324. SEEK-NO-FARTHER.— Ronalds. 

Identification & Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 45. pi. xxiii. f. 3. 

Fruit, medium sized ; conical, or pearmain-shaped. Skin, yellowish- 
green, streaked with 
broken patches of crim- 
son, on the shaded side ; 
and strewed with grey 
russety dots; but covered 
with light red, which is 
marked with crimson 
streaks, and covered with 
patches of fine delicate 
russet, and numerous 
large, square, and stelloid 
russety specks like scales, 
on the side exposed to 
the sun. Eye, small and 
closed, with broad, flat, 
segments, the edges of 
which fit neatly to each 
other, set in a rather 

deep and plaited basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, stout, and 
inserted in a deep, round, and regular cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, 
crisp, juicy, rich, sugary, and vinous, charged with a pleasant aromatic 
flavor. 

An excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality. It is in use from 
November to January. 

This is the true old Seek-no-farther. 




325. SELWOOD'S REINETTE.— Rog. 

Identification. — Rog. Fr. Cnlt. 103. 

Fruit, large, three inches wide, and about two inches and a half high ' 
round and flattened, angular on the sides, and with five prominent 
plaits round the eye, which is small, open, and not at all depressed, bu 1 
rather elevated on the surface. Skin, pale green, almost entirely covered 
with red, which is marked with broken stripes of darker red, those 
on the shaded side being paler, and not so numerous as on the side 
exposed to the sun. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, very stout, and 
inserted the whole of its length in a russety cavity. Flesh, greenish- 
white, tender, brisk, and pleasantly flavored. 

A culinary apple, of good, but not first-rate, quality. It is in use 
from December to March. 



182 

The tree is a strong and healthy grower, and an abundant bearer. 

This is certainly a different variety from the Selwood's Reinette of 
the Horticultural Society's Catalogue, which is described as being small, 
pearmain-shaped, greenish-yellow, and a dessert apple. It is however, 
identical with the Selwood's Reinette of Rogers, who, as we are informed, 
in his " Fruit Cultivator," received it upwards of sixty years ago from 
Messrs. Hewitt and Co., of Brompton. The tree now in my possession, 
I procured as a graft from the private garden of the late Mr. Lee, of 
Hammersmith ; and as it has proved to be the same as Rogers's variety, 
I am induced to think that it is correct, while that of the Horticultural 
Society is wrong. It was raised by a person of the name of Selwood, of 
Lancaster. 

326. SHAKESPERE.— M. 

Identification & Figure. — Maund Fruit, pi. 71. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a half high ; roundish, narrowing a little towards the eye. 
Skin, dark green on the shaded side, and brownish-red on the side next 
the sun, which is marked with a few broken stripes of darker red ; the 
whole strewed with russety dots. Eye, small, and partially open, set in 
a narrow and irregular basin, which is ridged round the margin. Stalk, 
short and slender, inserted in a rather deep cavity. Flesh, greenish- 
yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a brisk vinous flavor. 

An excellent dessert apple, of first-rate quality. In use from 
Christmas to April. 

This variety was raised by Thomas Hunt, Esq., of Stratford-on-Avon, 
from the seed of Hunt's Duke of Gloucester, and named in honor of 
the poet Shakespere. 

327. SHEEP'S NOSE.— Hort. 

Stnontmes. — Bullock's Pippin, Coxe View, 125. Long Tom, Ibid. 

Fruit, large, about three inches and a half long, and about three 
inches wide ; conical, narrowing gradually to the crown, which is con- 
siderably higher on one side than the other ; generally with ten ribs on 
the sides. Skin, smooth, yellow, and strewed with a few russety dots. 
Eye, small, set in a deep, plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a deep 
round, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, very juicy, 
and sweet. 

A very good variety for culinary purposes ; but chiefly used as a cider 
apple in Somersetshire, where it is much grown for that purpose. 

328. SHEPHERD'S FAME.— Hort. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a 
half high ; obtuse-ovate, broad and flattened at the base, narrowing 
towards the eye, with five prominent ribs on the sides, and in every 
respect, very much resembling a small specimen of Emperor Alexander. 
Skin, smooth, pale straw-yellow, marked with faint broken patches of 



THE APPLE. TTS VARIETIES. 183 

crimson, on the shaded side ; but streaked with yellow and bright 
crimson, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with short, stunted 
segments, placed in a deep, angular, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, 
imbedded in a round, funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, yellowish, soft, 
and tender, transparent, sweet, and briskly flavored, but rather dry. 
An apple of very ordinary quality, in use from October to March. 



329. SIBERIAN BITTER SWEET.— Knight. 
Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 23. Lind. Guide, 111. Down. Er. Amer. 146. 

Fruit, small, and nearly globular. Eye, small, with short connivent 
segments of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, of a bright gold color, 
tinged with faint and deeper red on the sunny side. The fruit grows 
a good deal in clusters, on slender wing branches. 

Specific gravity of the juice, 1091. 

This remarkable apple was raised by Mr. Knight from the seed 
of the Yellow Siberian Crab, impregnated with the pollen of 
the Golden Harvey. I cannot do better than transcribe from the 
Transactions of the London Horticultural Society, Mr. Knight's own 
account of this apple. "The fruit contains much saccharine matter, 
with scarcely any perceptible acid ; and it in consequence affords a 
cider, which is perfectly free from the harshness which in that liquid 
offends the palate of many, and the constitution of more ; and I 
believe that there is not any county in England in which it might 
not be made to afford, at a moderate price, a very wholesome and 
very palatable cider. This fruit differs from all others of its species 
with which I am acquainted, in being always sweet, and without acidity, 
even when it is more than half grown. 

" When the juice is pressed from ripe, and somewhat mellow fruit, 
it contains a very large portion of saccharine matter ; and if a part of 
the water it contains be made to evaporate in a moderately low 
temperature, it affords a large quantity of a jelly of intense sweetness, 
which to my palate is extremely agreeable ; and which may be employed 
for purposes similiar to those to which the inspissated juice of the 
grape is applied in France. The jelly of the apple prepared in the 
manner above described, is, I believe, capable of being kept unchanged 
during a very long period in any climate ; the mucilage being preserved 
by the antiseptic powers of the saccharine matter, and that being incapable 
of acquiring, as sugar does, a state of crystallization. If the juice be 
properly filtered, the jelly will be perfectly transparent." 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower ; a most abundant bearer, 
and a perfect dreadnought to the woolly aphis. 

330. SIBERIAN HARVEY.—- Knight. 

Identification.— Pom. Heref. t. 23. Lind. Guide, 111. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, 

n. 777. 

Fruit, produced in clusters, small ; nearly globular. Eye, small, with 
short connivent segments of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, of a bright 



184 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

gold color, tinged with faint and deeper red on the sunny side. Juice 
very sweet. Ripe in October. 

Specific gravity of the juice, 1091. 

A cider apple raised by T. A. Knight, Esq., and, along with the Foxley, 
considered by him superior to any other varieties in cultivation. It 
was produced from a seed of the Yellow Siberian Crab, fertilized with 
the pollen of the Golden Harvey, the juice of this variety is most in- 
tensely sweet, and is probably, very nearly what that of the Golden 
Harvey would be in a southern climate, the original tree produced its 
blossoms in the year 1807, when it first obtained the annual premium of 
the Herefordshire Agricultural Society. 

331. SIELY'S MIGNONNE.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. Guide, 98. 
. Synonyme. — Pride of the Ditches, ace. Lind. Guide. 

Fruit, rather small, about one inch and three quarters deep, and the 
same in diameter ; almost globular, but occasionally flattened on one 
side. Eye, small, with a closed calyx, placed somewhat deeply in a 
rather irregularly formed narrow basin, surrounded by a few small 
plaits. Stalk, half-an-inch long, slender, about one half within the 
base, in a narrow cavity, and occasionally pressed towards one side 
by a protuberance on the opposite one. Skin, when clear, of a bright 
yellow, but mostly covered with a grey netted russet, rendering the 
skin scabrous. Flesh, greenish-yellow, firm, crisp, and tender. Juice, 
saccharine, highly aromatic, and of a most excellent flavor. 

A dessert apple, in use from November to February. 

This neat and very valuable little apple, was introduced to notice 
about the beginning of the present century, by the late Mr. Andrew 
Siely, of Norwich, who had it growing in his garden on the Castle 
Ditches, and being a favorite with him he always called it the " Pride 
of the Ditches." The tree is a weak grower and somewhat tender. It 
is therefore advisable to graft it on the doucin stock, and train it 
either as a dwarf or as an espalier in a garden. — Lindley. 

332. SIR WILLIAM GIBBON'S.— Hort. 

Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters wide, and three 
inches high; calville-shaped, being roundish-oblate, with several promi- 
nent angles, which extend from the base to the apex, where they 
terminate in five or six large unequal knobs. Skin, deep yellow, 
tinged with green, and strewed with minute russety dots on the shaded 
side ; but deep crimson, streaked with dark red, on the side exposed to 
the sun. Eye, open, with short ragged segments, set in a deep, wide, 
and irregular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep and angular 
cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, juicy, 
and slightly acid, with a pleasant vinous flavor. 

A very showy and excellent culinary apple, in use from November to 
January. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 185 

333. SLEEPING BEAUTY.— H. 

Synonymf.s — Winter Sleeping Beauty. Sleeper. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish, and somewhat flattened, slightly 
angular on the sides, and undulating round the eye ; in some specimens 
there is an inclination to an ovate, or conical shape, in which case the 
apex is narrow and even. Skin, pale straw-colored, smooth and 
shining, occasional^ washed on one side with delicate lively red, very 
thinly sprinkled with minute russety dots. Eye, large, somewhat 
resembling that of Trumpington, with broad, flat, and incurved seg- 
ments, which dove-tail, as it were, to each other, and set in a shallow, 
uneven, and plaited basin, Stalk, from a quarter to half-an-inch long, 
slightly fleshy, inserted in a narrow, round, and rather shallow cavity, 
which is tinged with green, and lined with delicate pale brown russet. 
Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, tender, and juicy, with a fine poignant 
and agreeably acid flavor. 

A most excellent, and very valuable apple for all culinary purposes ; 
and particularly for sauce. It is in use from November till the end of 
February. 

The tree is a most excellent bearer, and succeeds well in almost 
every situation. 

This excellent apple bears such a close resemblance to Dumelow's 
Seedling, that at first sight it may be taken for that variety ; from which 
however, it is perfectly distinct, and may be distinguished by the want 
of the characteristic russet dots on the fruit, and the spots on the young 
wood of the tree. It is extensively cultivated in Lincolnshire, for the 
supply of the Boston markets. 

334. SMALL STALK.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches 
high ; roundish, slightly angular on the sides, and knobbed at the apex. 
Skin, dull greenish-yellow, with a tinge of orange on the side next the 
sun, and thickly covered with redish brown dots. Eye, small, and 
closed with long flat segments, and placed in an angular basin. Stalk, 
about an inch long, slender, inserted in a wide and rather shallow cavity. 
Flesh, white, tender, juicy, and well flavored. 

A good apple for ordinary purposes, much grown about Lancaster. 
It is in use during September and October. 

335. SOMERSET LASTING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 2, n. 782. 
Figure— Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xvii. f. 2. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and two inches and a 
quarter high ; oblate, irregular on the sides, and with undulating ridges 
round the eye. Skin, pale yellow, streaked, and dotted with a little 
bright crimson, next the sun. Eye, large and open, with short stunted 



186 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

segments, placed in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a 
wide and deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, 
tender, crisp, very juicy, with a poignant, and somewhat harsh flavor. 
A culinary apple, in use from October to February. 

336. SOPS IN WINE.— Park. 

Identification. — Park. Par. 588. Raii. Hist. ii. 1447. 

Synonymes. — Sops of Wine, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 874. Lind. Guide, 34. 
Down. Fr. Amer. 77. Sapson, Ken. Amer. Or. 28. Sapsonvine, ace. Kenrick. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. ii. f. 4. 

Fruit, rather above medium size, two inches and three quarters broad, 
and the same in height ; roundish, but narrowing a little towards the 
eye, and slightly ribbed on the sides. Skin, covered with a delicate 
white bloom, which when rubbed off exhibits a smooth, shining, and 
varnished rich deep chestnut, almost approaching to black, on the side 
exposed to the sun ; but on the shaded side, it is of a light orange red, 
and where very much shaded quite yellow, the whole strewed with 
minute dots. Eye, small, half open, with long, broad, and reflexed 
segments, placed in a round and slightly angular basin. Stalk, half-an- 
inch long, inserted in a deep funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, red, as if 
sopped in wine, tender, sweet, juicy, and pleasantly flavored. 

A very ancient English culinary and cider apple ; but perhaps more 
singular than useful. It is in use from October to February. 

The tree is vigorous and spreading, very hardy, an excellent bearer, 
and not subject to canker. 

337. SPICE APPLE.— Diel. 

Identification — Diel Kernobst. x. 34. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half broad, and two and a 
quarter high ; roundish, but narrowing towards the eye. Skin, deep 
yellow, but marked with broad streaks of crimson on the side next the 
sun. Eye, open, with long, broad, reflexed, downy segments, set in a 
narrow, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round 
cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, brisk, and 
perfumed. 

A good second-rate dessert apple, in use from November to February. 

This is not the Spice Apple of the Horticultural Society's Catalogue, 
but one which was cultivated by Kirke, of Brompton, under that name, 
and so described by Diel. — See Aromatic Russet. 

338. SPITZEMBERG.— Booth Cat. 

Identification and Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 5. 
Synonyme. — Pomegranate Pippin, ace. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half broad, and two inches 
high ; roundish, flattened at the base, and narrowing a little towards the 
eye. Skin, deep yellow, with an orange tinge on the side exposed to 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 187 

the sun, and strewed with large stelloid russety specks. Eye, partially 
open, with long, broad, and erect segments, set in a narrow and shallow 
basin. Stalk, short and stout, inserted in a small narrow cavity. Flesh, 
tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasantly flavored. 

An apple of second-rate quality, in use from November to Christmas. 

This is the Spitzemberg of the German nurseries. 

339. SPRINGROVE CODLIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. i. p. 197. t. 11. Lind. Guide, 7. Rog. Fr. 
Cult. 65. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iii. f. 4. Hort. Trans. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide at the base, and two 
inches and three quarters high ; conical, and slightly angular on the 
sides. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, tinged with orange on the side ex- 
posed to the sun. Eye, closed, with broad segments, and set in a 
narrow, plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a rather deep cavity. 
Flesh, greenish -yellow, tender, juicy, sugary, brisk, and slightly 
perfumed. 

A first-rate culinary apple. It may be used for tarts, as soon as the 
fruit are the size of a walnut, and continues in use up to the beginning 
of October. It received the name of Springrove Codlin, from being 
first introduced by Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., who resided at Springrove, 
near Hounslow, Middlesex. 

340. SQUIRE'S GREENING.— H. 

Fruit, about medium size ; roundish and flattened, irregular in its 
outline, having sometimes very prominent, unequal, and obtuse angles, 
on the sides, which terminate in undulations round the eye. Skin, of a 
fine clear grass-green color, which it retains till the spring, covered with 
dull brownish-red where exposed to the sun, thinly strewed all over 
with minute dots. Eye, small and closed, inserted in a narrow, irregular, 
and plaited basin. Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a round, narrow, 
and deep cavity, which is lined with rough scaly russet. Flesh, 
yellowish-white, firm and crisp, with a brisk, somewhat sugary and 
pleasant flavor. 

A good culinary apple, and useful also as a dessert variety. It is in 
use from Christmas till April or May. 

This variety was raised on the property of Mrs. Squires, of Nigtoft, 
near Sleaford. 

341. STEAD'S KERNEL.— Knight. 
Identification. — Pom. Heref. t. 25. Lind. Guide, 112. 

Fruit, a little turbinate, or top-shaped, somewhat resembling a quince. 
Eye, small, flat, with a short truncate or covered calyx. Stalk, short. 
Skin, yellow, a little reticulated with a slight greyish russet, and a few 
small specks intermixed. 

Specific gravity of the juice, 1074. 



188 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



As a cider apple, this appears to possess great merit, combining a 
slight degree of astringency, with much sweetness. It ripens in October, 
and is also a good culinary apple during its season. It was raised from 
seed by Daniel Stead, Esq., Brierly, near Leominster, Herefordshire. — 
Knight fy Lindley. 

342. STIRZAKER'S EARLY SQUARE.— H. 

Fruit, below medium size ; roundish, with prominent ribs which run 
into the eye, forming sharp ridges at the crown. Skin, of an uniform 
pale yellow, freckled and mottled, with very thin dingy brown russet 
on the shaded side, and, completely covered with the same on the 
side next the sun. Eye, small, half open, set in an irregular and 
angular basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a deep cavity. Flesh, 
white, tender, juicy, and pleasantly flavored. 

An early apple, grown in the neighbourhood of Lancaster. It is ripe 
in August, and continues in use during September. 



343. STRIPED BEEFING.— H. 

Synonymes. — Striped Beaufin. Lind. Guide, 57. 

Fruit, of the largest size ; beautiful and handsome, roundish, and 
somewhat depressed. Skin, bright lively green, almost entirely covered 




with broken streaks, and patches of fine deep red, and thickly strewed 
with russety dots ; in some specimens the color extends almost entirely 
round the fruit. Eye, like that of the Blenheim Pippin, large and open, 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 189 

with short erect ragged segments, set in a deep, irregular, and angular 
basin. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, and pleasantly acid. 

One of the handsomest and best culinary apples in cultivation ; for 
baking it is unrivalled. It is in use from October till May. 

The tree is very hardy, and an excellent bearer. 

This noble apple was introduced by Mr. George Lindley, who found 
it growing in 1794, in the garden of William Crowe, Esq., at Lakenham 
near Norwich. He measured a specimen of the fruit, and found it 
twelve inches and a half in circumference, and weighing twelve ounces 
and a half, avoirdupoise. It does not seem ever to have been in general 
cultivation, as it is not mentioned in any of the nursery catalogues ; 
nor is it enumerated in that of the London Horticultural Society. 
Through the kindness of George Jefferies, Esq., of Marlborough Terrace, 
Kensington, who procured it from his residence in Norfolk, I had the 
good fortune in 1847, to obtain grafts, which when propagated, I 
distributed through several of the principal nurseries of the country, 
and by this meaus I trust, it will become more generally known, and 
universally cultivated. 

344. STRIPED MONSTROUS REINETTE.— Hort. 
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 37. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxvi. f. 1. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half broad, and three inches high ; 
roundish, and a little flattened, irregular in its outline, having promi- 
nent angles on the sides, which extend from the base to the apex. 
Skin, smooth, of a deep yellow-ground color, which is almost entirely 
covered with pale red, and streaked with broad stripes of dark crimson. 
Eye, closed, with long acuminate segments, set in a narrow, angular 
basin. Stalk, an inch long, slender, deeply inserted in a round, and 
russety cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, and pleasantly flavored. 

A culinary apple of second-rate quality. It is in use during Novem- 
ber and December. 

345. STURMER PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 808. Down, Er. Amer, 135. Gard. 
Chron. 1847, 135. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad, by one 
inch and three quarters high ; roundish, and somewhat flattened, and 
narrowing towards the apex, a good deal resembling the old Non- 
pariel. Skin, of a lively green color, changing to yellowish-green, as 
it attains maturity, and almost entirely covered with brown russet, 
with a tinge of dull red, on the side next the sun. Eye, small, and 
closed, set in a shallow, irregular, and angular basin. Stalk, three 
quarters of an inch long, straight, inserted in a round, even., and 
russety cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, very juicy, with a brisk and 
rich sugary flavor. 

This is perhaps the most valuable dessert apple of its season, it is 
of first-rate excellence ; and exceedingly desirable both on account of 




190 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

its delicious flavor, and arriving at perfection, at a period when the 

other favorite varieties are 
past. It is not fit for use 
till the Ribston Pippin is 
nearly gone, and continues 
long after the Nonpariel. 
The period of its perfection 
may be fixed from February 
to June. 

The Sturmer Pippin, was 
raised by Mr. Dillistone, a 
nurseryman at Sturmer, 
near Haverhill, in Suffolk, 
and was obtained by im- 
pregnating the Ribston 
Pippin, with the pollen of 
the Nonpareil. 

The tree is hardy and an 

excellent bearer, and attains about the middle size. 



346. SUGAR AND BRANDY.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad at the 
bulge, and the same in height ; conical, and angular, with a very 
prominent rib on one side, forming a high ridge at the apex, terminated 
at the apex, by a number of knobs which are the continuations of the 
costal angles. Skin, deep dull yellow, freckled with pale red on the 
shaded side, the remaining portion entirely covered with bright orange- 
red. Eye, small and closed, set in a deep and furrowed basin. Stalk, 
very short, inserted in a round and shallow cavity, which is lined with 
rough russet. Flesh, deep yellow, spongy, juicy, very sweet, so much 
so, as to be sickly. 

An apple grown about Lancashire, in use during the end of August 
and September. 

347. SUGAR-LOAF PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 811. Lind. Guide, 10. Down. Fr. 
Amer. 76. 

Stnonymes. — Hutching's Seedling, ace. Pom. Mag. Dolgoi Squoznoi, in Russia, 
ace. Pom. Mag. 

Figure. — Pom. Mag. t. 3. 

Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters wide, and 
three inches high ; oblong. Skin, clear pale yellow, becoming nearly 
white, when fully ripe. Eye, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. 
Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep and regular cavity. Flesh, white, 
firm, crisp, juicy, brisk, and pleasantly flavored. 

An excellent early culinary apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in the 
beginning of August, but in a few days becomes mealy. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 



191 



This variety was introduced from St. Petersburg, by the London 
Horticultural Society. 



Stnonymes.- 
Or. 1796. 



348. SUMMER BROAD-END.— H. 

-fcuminer Broadend, Lind. Guide, 24. Summer Colman, Lind, Plan. 



Fruit, above the middle size, about two inches and three quarters in 
diameter, and two inches and a quarter deep ; slightly angular on the 
sides. Eye, small, with a closed calyx, in a rather narrow basin, 
surrounded by some angular plaits. Stalk, short, slender, deeply 
inserted, not protruding beyond the base. Skin, dull yellowish-green, 
tinged on the sunny side, with pale dull brown. Flesh, greenish-white, 
not crisp. Juice, sub-acid, with a pretty good flavor. 

A culinary apple in use in October and November. This is an useful 
Norfolk apple, and known in the markets by the above name. The 
trees are rather small growers, but great bearers. — Lindley. 

I have never seen the Summer Broad-End, and have therefore here 
introduced the description of Mr. Lindley, for the benefit of those 
under whose observation it may fall. 



349. SUMMER GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Kort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 290. Lind. Guide, 7. Down. Fr. 
Amer, 77. Eog. Er. Cult. 78. 

Sfnonymes. — Summer Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. White Summer Pippin, 
Bon. Pyr. Mai 11. 

Figures. — Pom. Mag. t. 50. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. vi. f. 4. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad at the base, 

and two inches and a quarter 
high ; ovate, flattened at the 
ends. Skin, smooth and 
shining, pale yellow, on the 
shaded side ; but tinged 
with orange and brownish- 
red on the side next the sun, 
and strewed over with 
minute russety dots. Eye, 
open, set in a wide, shallow, 
and slightly plaited basin. 
Stalk, thick, a quarter of an 
inch long, completely im- 
bedded in a moderately deep 
cavity, which is lined with 
russet. Flesh, yellowish, 
firm, very juicy, with a rich, 

vinous, and sugary flavor. 

This is one of the most delicious summer apples, and ought to form 

one of every collection, however small. It is ripe in the end of August, 

and keeps about a fortnight. 




202 BRITISH POMOLOGY ETC., 

The tree is a small grower, and attains about the third size. It is 
an early and abundant bearer, and succeeds well when grafted on the 
doucin or paradise stock. When grown on the pomme paradis of 
the French, it forms a beautiful little tree, which can be successfully 
cultivated in pots. 

350. SUMMER PEARMAIN.— Park. 

Identification. — Park. Par, 587. Aust. Or. 54. Rail Hist. ii. 1447. Mill. Diet. 
Fors. Treat, ed. 7, 126. Lind. Guide, 34. Reg. Fr. Cult, 72. 

Svnonymes. — Autumn Pearmain, Hart. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. n. 531. American 
Pearmain, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Gestreifte Sommerparmane. Drue Summer 
Pearmain. Diel Kernobst. vi. 129. 

Figures. — Pom. Mag., t. 116. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxii. f. 1. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide at the 
base, and the same high ; conical, or abrupt pearmain-shaped, round at 
the base, and tapering towards the apex. Skin, yellow, streaked all 
over with large patches, and broken streaks of red, mixed with silvery 
russet, strewed with numerous russeiy dots, and covered with large 
patches of rough russet on the base. Eye, closed, half open, with long 
acuminate segments, placed in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. 
Stalk, half-an-inch long, obliquely inserted under a fleshy protuberance 
on one side of it, which is a permanent and distinguishing character of 
this apple. Flesh, deep yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, richly, and highly 
perfumed. 

An excellent apple, long cultivated, and generally regarded as one 
of the popular varieties of this country, it is suitable either for culinary 
purposes, or the dessert, and is in use during September and October. 

The tree is a good grower, and healthy ; of an upright habit of growth, 
and forms a fine standard tree of the largest size. It succeeds well 
grafted on the paradise stock, when it forms handsome espaliers, and 
open dwarfs. 

This is what in many nurseries is cultivated as the Royal Pearmain, 
but erroneously. It is one of the oldest English varieties, being 
mentioned by Parkinson, in 1629. 

351. SUMMER STRAWBERRY. 

Fruit, rather below medium size, two and a half inches broad, and 
an inch and three quarters high ; oblate, even and regularly formed. 
Skin, smooth and shining, striped all over with yellow, and blood-red 
stripes, except on any portion that is shaded, and there it is red. Eye, 
prominent, not at all depressed, closed with long flat segments, and 
surrounded with prominent phits. Stalk, three quarters of an inch 
long, inserted in a round, narrow cavity, which is lined with russet. 
Flesh, white, tinged with yellow, soft, tender, juicy, brisk and pleasantly 
flavored. 

A dessert apple, ripe in September, but when kept long becomes dry 
and mealy. It is much cultivated in all the Lancashire and northern 
orchards of England. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 193 

352. SURREY FLAT-CAP.— H. 

Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and a 
quarter high; oblate, even and regularly formed. Skin, of a pale 
bluish-green, or verdigris color, changing as it ripens to a yellowish 
tinge, and marked with dots and flakes of rough veiny russet, on the 
shaded side ; but deep red, which is almost obscured with rough 
veiny russet on the side next the sun. Eye, open, with broad seg- 
ments, reflexed at the tips, set in a wide, shallow, and plaited basin. 
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a round and deep cavity. Flesh, 
yellow, firm, not very juicy, but rich and sugary. 

A very excellent dessert apple, remarkable for its singular color, 
but is rather void of acidity. It is in use from October to January. 



353. SWEENY NONPAREIL.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. iv. 526. Lind. Guide, 99. Hort. Soc. Cat. 
ed. 3, n. 484. 

Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters broad, and 
two inches high ; very similar in form to the old Nonpariel. Skin, of 
a fine lively green color, which is glossy and shining, but almost entirely 
covered with patches, and reticulations of thick greyish-brown russet, 
which in some parts is rough and cracked ; sometimes tinged with brown 
where exposed to the sun. Eye, very small, half open, with short, flat, 
ovate segments, and set in a small, narrow, and rather shallow basin. 
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a rather shallow and 
russety cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, sugary, and with a 
very powerful yet pleasant sub-acid flavor. 

An excellent culinary apple admirably adapted for sauce ; but too 
acid for the dessert. It is in use from January to April. 

The tree is a vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer. 

This variety was raised in 1807, by Thomas Netherton Parker, Esq., 
of Sweeny, in Shropshire, and twenty specimens of the fruit, were 
exhibited at the London Horticultural Society, in 1820, the aggregate 
weight of which, was sefen pounds thirteen ounces. 



354. SYKE HOUSE RUSSET.— Hooker. 

Identification. — Hook. Pom. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 752. Lind. 

Guide, 100. Eors. Treat. 126. Rog. Fr. Cult. 106. 
Synonymes. — Sykehouse, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Englische Spitalsreinette, Did 

Kernobst. x. 139. 
Figures. — Hook. Pom. Lond. t. 40. Pom. Mag. t. 81. Ron. Pyr.Mal. pi. xxxviii. 

f. 1. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad, by one 
inch and three quarters high ; roundish-oblate. Skin, yellowish-green, 
but entirely covered with brown russet, strewed with silvery grey scales ; 
sometimes it has a brownish tinge on the side which is exposed to the 
sun. Eye, small and open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, half-an-inch 

O 




194 BIUTISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, and 
juicy, with a rich, sugary, and very high flavor. 

One of the most excellent 
dessert apples ; it is in use 
from October to February. 

The tree is a free grower, 
hardy,and an excellent bearer; 
it attains about the middle 
size, and is well adapted for 
growing as an espalier, when 
grafted on the paradise stock. 
This variety originated at 
the village of Syke House, in 
Yorkshire, whence its name. 
Diel's nomenclature of the 
Syke House Russet, affords a 
good example of the trans- 
formations the names of fruits are subject to, when translated from one 
language to another ; he writes it Englische Spitalsreinette, which he 
translates Sik-House Apple, because as he supposed it received this 
appellation, either from the briskness of its flavor being agreeable to 
invalids, or from its having originated in the garden of an hospital, 
He says he finds it only in Kirke's Fruit Tree Catalogue, where it is 
erroneously printed Syke-House ! 

355. TARVEY CODLLN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. vii. p. 383. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 167. 
Lind. Guide, 83. 

Fruit, large and conical. Skin, dull olive-green, with an imperfect 
mixture of yellow on the shaded side, and yellowish -red, much spotted 
with broken rows of large blood -red dots, next the sun. Flesh, white 
and juicy, somewhat resembling the English Codlin. 

A good culinary apple for a northern climate, in use during November 
and December. 

This variety was raised fronTseed of the Ma*nks Codlin, impregnated 
with the Nonpariel, by Sir. G. S. Mackenzie, Bart., of Coul, in Rosshire. 



356. TAUNTON GOLDEN PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc Cat. ed. 3, p. 18. 
Figure. — Maund. Fruit, pi. 21. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide, and the 
same in height ; oblato-cylindrical, regularly and handsomely shaped. 
Skin, deep rich yellow, strewed with markings and freckles of russet on 
the shaded side, but covered with a cloud of red, which is marked with 
deeper red streaks, on the side next the sun. Eye, open, set in a wide, 
rather deep, and plaited basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow, and 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 195 

rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and delicate, with a 
brisk, sugary, and particularly rich vinous flavor. 

A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use from December to 
March. 

The tree is hardy, healthy, and an abundant bearer, attaining about 
the middle size. It is well adapted for growing on the paradise stock. 



357. TEN SHILLINGS— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat ed. 3, n. 824. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half broad, and two inches 
high ; roundish-oblate, with obtuse angles on the sides. Skin, greenish- 
yellow, almost entirely covered with pale brown russet ; but with orange, 
streaked with red, on the side next the sun. Eye, large, with long 
narrow segments, which are not convergent, set in an angular basin. 
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a moderately deep cavity. Flesh, 
yellowish-white, tender, sweet, and slightly acid. 

A second-rate dessert apple ; ripe in November. 

358. TENTERDEN PARK.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 825. 

Fruit, about medium size, two inches and a half broad, by two 
inches high ; roundish, inclining to ovate. Skin, smooth and glossy, as 
if varnished, yellowish-green where shaded, and entirely covered with 
deep red, which is marked with streaks of still deeper red, where exposed 
to the sun. Eye, large, half open, with broad, flat segments, set in 
a rather shallow, round, and saucer-like basin. Stalk, very short, 
inserted in a round and shallow cavity, which is slightly marked with 
russet. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, crisp, brisk, and juicy, but with 
no particular richness of flavor. 

A second-rate dessert apple, of neat and handsome appearance ; in 
use from October to February. 

359. TEUCHAT'S EGG.— Gibs. 

Identification. — Gibs. Er. Gard. 351. 

Synonymes.— Chucket Egg, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 10. Summer Teuchat 
Egg, Leslie Sf Anders. Cat. 

Fruit, below medium size, varying in shape from ovate to conical, and 
irregularly ribbed on the sides. Skin, pale yellow, washed with pale 
red, and streaked with deep and lively red. Eye, partially closed, with 
long, broad segments, placed in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, 
very short, imbedded in a close shallow cavity, with a fleshy protuberance 
on one side of it, and surrounded with rough russet. Flesh, tender, 
juicy, and pleasantly flavored. 

A second-rate dessert apple, peculiar to the Scotch orchards of 
Clydesdale and Ayrshire ; ripe in September. 

Teuchat signifies, the Pee-wit or Lapwing. 

o 2 



196 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

360. TOKER'S INCOMPARABLE. 

Fruit, very large, three inches and three quarters broad, and two 
inches and three quarters high, in shape, very much resembling the 
Gooseberry Apple ; ovate, broad and flattened at the base, and with five 
prominent ribs on the sides which render it distinctly five-sided. Skin, 
smooth and shining, of a beautiful dark green, which assumes a yellowish 
tinge as it ripens ; and with a slight trace of red, marked with a few 
crimson streaks, where exposed to the sun. Eye, large, and nearly 
closed, with broad flat segments, set in a saucer-like basin, which is 
surrounded with knobs, formed by the termination of the ribs. Stalk, 
a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide cavity, which is lined with 
a little rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, and 
marrow-like, with a brisk and pleasant acid. 

A first -rate culinary apple, grown in the Kentish orchards, about 
Sittingbourne and Faversham ; in use from November to Christmas. 

361. TOWER OF GLAMMIS.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 835. Leslie & Anders. Cat. 43. Caled 

Hort. Soc. Mem. vol. iv . 474. 
Synontmes. — Glammis Castle, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Late Carse of Gowrie, Ibid. 

Carse of Gowrie, Caled. Hort. Soc. Mem, vol. i. 325. The Gowrie, in Clydesdale 

Orchards. 

Fruit, large ; conical, and distinctly four-sided, with four prominent 




angles, extending from the base to the apex, where they terminate in 
four corresponding ridges. Skin, deep sulphur-yellow, tinged in some 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 197 

spots with green, and thinly strewed with brown russety dots. Eye, 
closed, with broad ragged segments, set in a deep and angular basin. 
Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped cavity, and only 
just protruding beyond the base. Flesh, greenish- white, very juicy, 
crisp, brisk, and perfumed. 

A first-rate culinary apple, peculiar to the orchards of Clydesdale, 
and the Carse of Gowrie ; it is in use from November to February. 

The tree is an excellent bearer. 



362. TRANSPARENT CODLIN.— Lind. 
Identification. — Lind. Guide, 35. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 169. 

Fruit, large and conical. Skin, smooth, clear yellow, tinged with pale 
crimson, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small and closed, with 
short segments, placed in a deep and angular basin. Stalk, short and 
slender, inserted in a deep, round, and wide cavity. Flesh, tender, 
almost transparent, juicy, sugary, and well flavored. 

A culinary apple, in use from September to November. 

363. TRUMPETER.— H. 

Synonyme. — Treadle-Hole, in Lancaster. 

Fruit, large, two inches and three quarters wide, and three inches 
high ; oblong, irregularly shaped, angular on the sides, and prominently 
ribbed round the eye. Skin, pale green, with a tinge of yellow on the 
side exposed to the sun. Eye, small, closed, and set in a deep and 
angular basin, surrounded with four or five prominent knobs. Stalk, 
about five-eights of an inch long, slender for the size of the fruit, and 
inserted in a deep irregular cavity, which is lined with rough cracked 
russet. Flesh, greenish- white, crisp, very juicy, and sweet, with a brisk 
and pleasant sub-acid flavor. 

A very excellent apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes, 
much esteemed in the orchards about Lancaster ; it is in use from 
October to January. 

364. TRUMPINGTON.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44. 

Synonymes.— Delware, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 75. Eve, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxviii. f. 2. 

Fruit, small, two inches and three-eights wide, and one inch and 
five-eights high ; oblate, even and handsomely shaped. Skin, of a fine 
deep golden-yellow, tinged and mottled with pale red on the shaded side ; 
but of a fine bright red, which extends over the greater part, where 
exposed to the sun. Eye, large and closed, with broad, flat, ovate 
segments, set in a wide and somewhat undulating basin. Stalk, a 
quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide, and deep cavity, which is 
tinged with green, and lined with russet. Flesh, white, firm, and 
pleasantly flavored. 



198 

A pretty dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use from September 
to Christmas. 



365. TULIP.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 841. 

Synonymes. — Tulp, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. Tulpen, Ibid. Dutch Tulip, Eon. Cat. 

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half at the widest 
part, and two inches and a half high ; ovato-conical, regularly and 
handsomely shaped, ridged round the eye. Skin, fine deep purple, 
extending over the whole surface of the fruit, except on any part which 
may be shaded, and then it is yellow. Eye, open, with short, ovate 
segments, set in a furrowed and plaited basin. Stalk, about half-an- 
inch long, straight and slender, inserted in a deep, and rather angular 
cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, crisp, juicy, sweet, and slightly sub- 
acid. 

A beautiful and handsome dessert apple, but only of second-rate 
quality ; in use from November to April. 

366. TURK'S CAP.— Hort. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, by two inches and a half 
high ; roundish, and very much flattened, or oblate ; irregularly and 
prominently ribbed. Skin, smooth, fine deep golden-yellow, covered 
with grey dots, and a few ramifications of russet, and with a brownish- 
red tinge on the side next the sun. Eye, large and open, placed in a 
deep, wide, and angular basin. Stalk, an inch long, deeply inserted in 
an angular cavity, which is lined with thick scaly russet, extending over 
the margin. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a pleasant sub- 
acid, but slightly astringent flavor. 

An excellent apple for culinary purposes, and also for the manufacture 
of cider ; it is in use from November to Christmas. 

367. UELLNER'S GOLD REINETTE.— Diel. 

Identification. — Diel. Kernobst. ii. B. 122. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 3, n. 696. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter broad, and two 
inches and an eighth high ; oval. Skin, of a fine clear lemon-yellow, 
sprinkled with a little russet on the shaded side ; but entirely covered on 
the side next the sun, with beautiful vermilion, which is strewed with 
cinnamon-colored russet. Eye, open, with short segments, set in a rather 
wide, round, even, and moderately deep basin. Stalk, slender, half-an- 
inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, 
yellowish- white, firm, very juicy, rich and sugary, and with a fine 
aromatic flavor. 

A most delicious dessert apple, of the very first quality ; " small, but 
handsome and rich." It is in use from January till May. 

The tree is a free and excellent grower, and a great bearer. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 199 

368. VALE MASCAL PEARMAIN.— Hort, 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat, ed. 3, n. 561. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches broad, by two inches high ; 
ovate, regularly and handsomely shaped. Skin, greenish-yellow on the 
shaded side ; but bright red next the sun, and covered with 
spots of russet. Eye, closed, with broad flat segments, and set in a 
round, shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, half an-inch long, inserted in 
a narrow and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellow, crisp, sugary, and richly 
flavored. 

369. VEINY PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 44. 

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter broad, and an inch and three 
quarters high ; roundish-oblate. Skin, greenish-yellow, covered with 
veins, and reticulations of russet. Eye, open, set in a round and deep 
basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a round, and slightly russety cavity. 
Flesh, yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, but wanting both sugar and acidity. 

An indifferent and worthless apple, in use from December to 
February. 

The tree is a great bearer. 

370. VIOLETTE.— Duh. 

Identification. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 284. Mill. Diet. Fors; Treat. 121. Hort. 
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 849. 

Synonymes. — Grosse Pomme Noire d'Amerique, Cal. Traite. iii. 44. Violette 
de Quatres Gouts, Cours. Comp. oVAgric. xii. 220. Violet Apple, West. Bot. 
iv. 39. Ked Calville, of some, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. but erroneously. Black 
Apple, ace. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 

Figure. — Bon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xx. f. 2. 

Fruit, above medium size ; roundish-ovate, or conical, even and 
regularly formed. Skin, smooth and shining, covered with a fine violet- 
colored bloom, and yellow, striped with red, on the shaded side ; but of 
a dark red, approaching to black, on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, 
closed, set in a rather deep and plaited basin. Stalk, three quarters of 
an inch long, stout, and inserted in a deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish- 
white, tinged with red under the skin, which is filled with red juice, 
leaving a stain on the knife with which it is cut ; firm, juicy, and sugary, 
with a vinous and pleasant flavor. 

A culinary apple of good, but not first-rate quality ; in use from 
October to March. 

Duhamel, and following him, almost all the French writers on 
pomology, attribute the name of this apple to the perfume of violets 
being found in the flavor of the fruit ; a peculiarity I could never detect. 
It is more probable it originated from the fruit being covered with a 
beautiful blue violet bloom, a characteristic which was observed by 
Rivinius and Moulin, a hundred and fifty years ago. 



200 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

371. WADHURST PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc, Cat. ed. 3, p. 44. 

Fruit, above medium size, sometimes very large, but generally 
averaging three inches wide, and two inches and three quarters high ; 
conical, or pearmain-shaped, and angular on the sides. Skin, yellow, tinged 
with green on the shaded side ; and more or less mottled with brownish- 
red, on the side next the sun, and strewed with minute grey dots. 
Eye, closed, set in a wide, deep, and angular basin. Stalk, a quarter of 
an inch long, stout, placed in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, 
juicy, and briskly flavored. 

A culinary apple of excellent quality; in use from October to 
February. It originated at Wadhurst in Sussex. 



372. WALTHAM ABBEY SEEDLING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 269. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 853. 
Lind. Guide, 24. 

Fruit, large ; roundish. Skin, pale yellow, assuming a deeper tinge 
as it attains maturity, with a faint blush of red where exposed to the 
sun, and strewed all over with minute russety dots. Eye, large and 
open, set in a shallow and even basin. Stalk, short, deeply inserted, 
and surrounded with rough russet. Flesh, yellowish, tender, juicy, 
sweet, and pleasantly flavored, and when cooked assumes a clear pale 
amber. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from September to 
Christmas. 

This apple was raised about the year 1810, by Mr. John Barnard, of 
Waltham Abbey, in Essex, and was introduced by him at a meeting of 
the London Horticultural Society, in 1821. 



373. WANSTALL.— H. 

Stnontme. — Green-street Apple. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches and 
a quarter high ; roundish, but narrowing a little towards the eye, with 
five prominent angles on the sides, which terminate in ridges round the 
apex, rendering the shape distinctly five-sided. Skin, deep golden- 
yellow on the shaded side ; but red, which is striped and mottled with 
darker red, on the side next the sun ; marked with patches and veins of 
thin grey russet, and strewed all over with russety dots. Eye, half 
open, with broad, flat segments, set in an angular and plaited basin. 
Stalk, half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, 
yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, sugary, and highly flavored. 

A dessert apple of the very first quality ; equal in flavor to the 
Ribston Pippin, and will keep till May and June. 

This variety was raised at Green-street, near Sittingbourne, in Kent, 
by a tailor of the name of Wanstall, about 40 years ago. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 201 

374. WARNER'S KING.— M. 

Identification and Figure. — Maund. Fruit, pi. 59. 

Fruit, very large, four inches wide, and three inches and a half high ; 
ovate. Skin, of an uniform clear deep yellow, strewed with russety dots 
and patches of pale brown russet. Eye, small and closed, with long 
acuminate segments, and set in a narrow, deep, and slightly angular 
basin. Stalk, about half-an-inch long, deeply inserted in a round, 
funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with thin yellowish-brown russet. 
Flesh, white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a fine, brisk, and sub-acid 
flavor. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to 
March. 

The tree is a free and vigorous grower, and a good bearer ; very hardy, 
and not subject to disease. 

375. WATSON'S DUMPLING.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 856. Down. Fr. Amer. 142. 

Fruit, large ; roundish, and regularly formed. Skin, smooth, yellowish- 
green, and striped with dull red. Eye, large, not deeply sunk. Stalk, 
short, inserted in a round, and rather deep cavity. Flesh, tender, juicy, 
and sugary, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from October to 
February. 

376. WEST GRINSTEAD PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 858. 

Stnonyme & Figure. — East Grinsiead, 'Ron. Pyr. Mai. 53, pi. xxvii. f. I. 

Fruit, medium sized ; two inches and three quarters broad, by two 
inches and a half high ; roundish, and slightly ribbed about the eye. 
Skin, light green, striped and mottled with light red on the side next 
the sun ; and strewed all over with greyish-white dots, on the 
exposed, and brown dots on the shaded side. Eye, open, set in a plaited 
basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity. 
Flesh, greenish-white, soft, tender, juicy, and briskly acid. 

A good second-rate apple for the dessert : in use from November to 
April, and keeps well without shrivelling. 

377. WHEELER'S RUSSET.— Langley. 

Identification. — Lang. Pom. 134. Mill. Diet. Fors. Treat. 129. Lind. Guide, 
100. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 753. Diel Kernobst. xi. 109. Rog. Fr. Cult. 107. 

Fruit, medinm sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish-oblate, and somewhat irregular 
in its outline. Skin, entirely covered with pale yellowish-grey russet ; 
with redish-brown where exposed to the sun, strewed with russety 



202 BETTISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

freckles. Eye, small and closed, with short segments, set in a wide, and 
undulated basin. Stalk, from a quarter to half-an-inch long, inserted 
in a round, narrow, and deep cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, juicy, 
brisk, and sugary, with a rich, vinous, and aromatic flavor. 

A valuable, and highly flavored dessert apple of the first quality ; it 
is in use from November to April ; and as Mr. Lindley says, when 
ripened, and begins to shrivel, it is one of the best russets of its season. 

The tree is a free grower, healthy, and hardy, but does not attain 
above the middle size. It is generally a good bearer, and succeeds well 
in almost any soil, provided it be not too moist. 

This apple was raised by James Wheeler, the founder of the Gloucester 
nursery, now in the occupation of his grandson, Mr. J. Cheslin Wheeler. 
He was an intelligent and assiduous man in his profession, and published 
in 1763, "The Botanist's and Gardener's New Dictionary." He died 
about the beginning of the present century, having attained over ninety 
years of age. 

378. WHEELER'S EXTREME.— Forsyth. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 129. 

Fruit, small, nearly two inches wide, and one inch and a quarter high ; 
oblate, much resembling the Api in shape. Skin, pale greenish-yellow, 
considerably marked with russet, particularly round the eye ; and covered 
with fine clear red, which is mottled with deeper red, on the side next* 
the sun. Eye, small and closed, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, very 
short, inserted in a small, shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, crisp, 
tender, sweet, and delicately perfumed. 

A pretty little dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality ; it is in use 
from November to February. 

This, as well as the preceding, was raised by James Wheeler, of 
Gloucester. The original tree is still existing in the nursery of his 
grandson, to whom I am much indebted for several pomological favors. 
The name of " Extreme," is supposed to have been applied to this 
variety, from the circumstance of producing its fruit on the extremities 
of the last year's shoots. 

379. WHITE ASTRACHAN.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 18. Lind. Guide, 7. Down. Fr. 
Amer, 78. 

Stnontmes. — Pyrus Astracanica, Bee. Prod. ii. 635. Pomme dAstrachan, Schab. 
Prat. ii. 90. Pomme de Glace, Bull. Arb. Fruit, i. 307. Transparent Apple, 
MUl Diet. Fors. Treat. 128. Russian Transparent, Ron.Pyr. Mall 5. Russian 
Ice Apple, WiU. Bom. Encyc. iv. p. 179. Muscovite Transparent Apple, West. 
Bot. iv. 141. Glace de Zelande, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 366. Astracanischer 
Sommerapfel, Biel. Kernobst, vi. 77. 

Figures.— Pom. Mag. t. 96. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 8, & pi. xxxviii. f. 3. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and nearly the same 
in height ; roundish-ovate, or rather conical, flattened at the base, 
with obtuse angles on the sides, which extend and become more promi- 
nent and rib-like round the eye. Skin, smooth, pale yellow, with a few 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 203 

faint streaks of red next the sun, and covered with a delicate white 
bloom. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and plaited basin. Stalk, thick and 
short, inserted in a small and very shallow cavity. Flesh, pure white, 
semi-transparent, with somewhat gelatinous-like blotches, tender, juicy, 
with a pleasant and refreshing flavor. 

A dessert apple but not of first-rate quality ; ripe in August, and the 
early part of September. 

The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and an excellent bearer. 
The Transparent Apple of Rogers, and the Muscovy Apple of 
Mortimer, cannot be identical with this variety, for they are described 
by both as winter apples ; may they not be the Russischer Glasapfel, or 
Astracanischer Winterapfel of Diel ? 

Respecting this apple, 
a correspondent in the 
Gardener's Chronicle, 
for 1845, has the follow- 
ing remark, " When at 
Reval many years ago, 
I made particular in- 
quiries as to the mode 
of cultivation of the 
Transparent Apple ; I 
learned that the soil of 
the apple orchards there, 
is almost a pure sand, 
but that it is customary to 
add to it so much stable 
manure, that half the 
bulk of ground may be 
said to consist of manure. 
The friend with whom 
I was staying, had some 
of these apples at 
dessert ; they were transparent, not in blotches, but throughout, so that 
held to the light, the pips may be seen from every part ; these apples 
were juicy as a peach, about the size of a large one, and of a very 
agreeable flavor and texture." 

380. WHITE PARADISE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 520. 

Synonymes. — Lady's Finger, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1. 533. Long May, Ibid. 565. 

May, ace. Ibid. Egg, Ron. Cat. Eve, Ron. Pyr. Mai. 4. Paradise Pippin, 

ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. ii. f. 5. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and three inches 
high ; oblong, broader at the base than the apex. Skin, smooth, thick 
and tough, of a fine rich yellow, thinly and faintly freckled with red on 
the shaded side, but covered with broken streaks and dots of darker red, 
interspersed with dark brown russety dots, on the side exposed to the 
sun. Eye, open, set in a shallow basin. Stalk, an inch long, fleshy at 




204 BRITISH POMOLOGY ETC. 

the insertion, and inserted in an even, round, cavity. Flesh, yellowish, 
tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, and pleasantly flavored. 

A second-rate, but beautiful and handsome dessert apple ; in perfec- 
tion the beginning of October, but towards the end of the month, 
becomes dry and mealy. It is, I believe, a Scotch apple, and much 
grown in some districts, particularly in Clydesdale, where it is known 
by the name of Egg Apple, and where the fruit lasts longer, than when 
grown in the warmer climate of the South. 

The Lady's Finger of Dittrich, vol. i. p. 505, is a flat apple of a Calville 
shape, and must be incorrect. 

381. WHITE VIRGIN.— H. 

Synontme. — Scotch Virgin. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches high ; oblate. Skin, smooth and shining, pale yellow, on the 
shaded size ; but thin orange red, streaked with deep red, on the side 
next the sun, and strewed with dark dots and a few veins of russet. 
Eye, large and closed, with broad ovate segments, set in a wide, shallow, 
and plaited basin. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a narrow, 
and shallow cavity. Flesh, white, soft, tender, juicy, and briskly 
acid. 

An excellent culinary apple ; in use from October to February. 

382. WHITE WESTLING.— H. 

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half broad at the 
middle, and two inches and a half high ; roundish, inclining to oval, 
towards the eye ; angular on the sides, and ribbed round the apex. Skin, 
yellow, tinged with green, and strewed with redish-brown dots on the 
shaded side ; but deep yellow, with large dark-crimson spots, on the side 
next the sun, and covered with russet over the base. Eye, small and 
closed, set in a narrow and angular basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, 
very slender, inserted in a deep, narrow, and russety cavity. Flesh, 
white, tender, sweet, and briskly flavored. 

An apple of hardly second-rate quality, grown about the north-eastern 
parts of Sussex ; it is in use from October to Christmas. 

383. WHITE WINE.— H. 

Fruit, about medium size, two inches and a half broad in the middle, 
and two inches and a half high ; narrowing towards the apex, conical, 
slightly angular on the sides, and ribbed round the eye. Skin, greenish- 
yellow, strewed with russety dots on the shaded side ; but deep yellow, 
reticulated with fine russet, and dotted with small russety specks on the 
side exposed to the sun, and with a ray of fine lilac-purple on the base 
encircling the stalk. Eye, open, with long acute segments, set in a deep 
and ribbed basin. Stalk, five-eights of an inch long, downy, thick and 
fleshy, inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with delicate russet. 
Flesh, white, firm, crisp, and pleasantly acid. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 205 

A culinary apple much grown in the Tweedside orchards, where it is 
known by the name of the Wine Apple ; it is in use from October to 
Christmas. 

384. WHITMORE PIPPIN.— Forsyth. 

Identification.— Fors. Treat. 129. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 861. Lind. 
Guide, 84. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide at the base, 
and the same in height, but narrowing towards the apex ; conical, and 
obtusely angled on the sides. Skin, pale greenish-yellow in the shade ; 
but with a beautiful red cheek next the sun, and very sparingly strewed 
with a few minute dots. Eye, closed, set in a narrow and shallow basin. 
Stalk, about half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide, round, and even 
cavity. Flesh, white, tinged with green, tender, juicy, sub-acid, and 
slightly sweet. 

A dessert apple of second-rate quality ; in use from November to 
April. 

385. WHORLE PIPPIN.— H. 

Stnontmes. — Summer Thorle, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 830. Watson's New 
Nonesuch, ace. Ibid. Thorle Pippin, Leslie Sf Anders, Cat. Thoral Pippin, 
ace. Ron. Pyr. Mai. 

Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. ii. f. 3. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a quarter wide at the 
middle, and an inch and three quarters high ; oblate, handsome, and 
regularly formed. Skin, smooth, shining, and glossy, almost entirely 
covered with fine bright crimson, which is marked with broken streaks 
of darker crimson ; but on any portion which is shaded, it is of a fine 
clear yellow, a little streaked with pale crimson. Eye, scarcely at all 
depressed, large, half open, with broad, flat segments, which frequently 
appear as if rent from each other by an over-swelling of the fruit ; and 
set in a very shallow basin, which is often very russety, and deeply and 
coarsely cracked. Stalk, a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a wide 
cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, crisp, and very juicy, with a brisk, 
refreshing, and pleasant flavor. 

A beautiful little summer dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; ripe in 
August. In the south it is but little known, but in Scotland it is to be 
met with in almost every garden and orchard. 

In all probability the word Thorle is a corruption of Whorle, which 
is no doubt the correct name of this apple. The name is supposed to 
be derived from its resemblance to the whorle, which was the propell- 
ing power, or rather impetus of the spindle, when the distaff and spindle 
was so much in use. 

386. WICKHAM'S PEARMAIN.— H. 

Stnontmes. — Wick Pearmain, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 31. 

Fruit, small, two inches wide, and about two inches high ; pearmain- 
shaped, and quite flat at the base. Skin, yellow, tinged and dotted with 



206 BRITISH TOMOLOGY, ETC. 

red on the shaded side ; but bright red on the side next the sun, and 
marked with patches and specks of russet round the eye. Eye, large 
and open, with long acuminate segments, reflexed, and set in a round, 
even, and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, fleshy, inserted with- 
out any depression. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, crisp, juicy, sugary, 
and highly flavored. 

An excellent dessert apple ; in use from October to December. It 
was raised by a Mr. Wickham, of Wick, near Winchester. In the 
catalogue of the London Horticultural Society, it is called " Wick 
Pearmain," but as the name I have adopted is that by which it is best 
known in Hampshire, I prefer retaining it. 

387. WINTER CODLIN.— Hort. 
Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 170. 

Fruit, very large, three inches and an eighth wide at the middle, and 
three inches and a half high ; conical, generally five-sided, with prom- 
inent ribs on the sides, which extend to the apex, forming considerable 
ridges round the eye. Skin, smooth, yellowish-green, and marked with 
dark dots. Eye, large and open, set in a deep and very angular basin. 
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, smooth, and angular cavity. 
Flesh, greenish- white, tender, juicy, sweet, and sub-acid. 

A fine old culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from September 
to February. 

The tree is a strong, vigorous, and healthy grower, and an excellent 
bearer. 

388. WINTER COLMAN.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 66. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 875 
Rog. Fr. Cult. 58. 

Synonymes. — Norfolk Colman, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. i. 683. Norfolk Storing, Fors. 
Treat. 117. 

Figures.— Brook. Pom. Brit. pi. xcii. f. 5. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxxiii. 

Fruit, above medium size ; roundish and flattened. Skin, pale yellow, 
mottled v/ith red on the shaded side, but deep red on the side next the 
sun. Eye, open, set in a rather shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, 
short, thick, and deeply inserted. Flesh, firm, crisp, and briskly acid. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality ; in use from November to April. 

The tree is a very strong and vigorous grower, so much so, that in its 
young state, it is not a great bearer ; but when grafted on the paradise 
stock, it produces abundantly. 

389. WINTER GREENING.— Aber. 

Identification.— Aber. Gard. Diet. 

Synonymes.— French Crab, Fors. Treat. 102. Easter Pippin, Lind. Guide, 45. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 233. Down. Fr. Amer. 109. Claremont Pippin, ace. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. Ironstone Pippin, Ibid. Young's Long Keeping, Ibid. John 
Apple, Rog. Fr. Cult. 

Figures.— Brook. Pom. Brit., pi. xciii. f. 1. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xlii. f. 3. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAPvIETIES. 207 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish, widest at the middle, and narrowing 
towards the crown, round which are a few small ridges. Skin, smooth 
and shining, of a dark lively green, strewed with minute russety dots ; 
and with a blush of dull red where exposed to the sun. Eye, small and 
closed, set in a shallow and plaited basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, 
inserted in a round cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, greenish, 
very close in texture, brittle and juicy, with a very poignant and 
pleasant acid. 

A culinary apple of first-rate quality, which comes into use in 
November, and has been known to last under favorable circumstances, 
for two years. Dry sand is a good article to preserve it in. 

The tree is very hardy, a free and good grower, and an abundant bearer. 

I have not adopted here, the nomenclature of the Horticultural 
Society's Catalogue, for two reasons. First, because Winter Greening 
is the previous name, and, so far as I can find, the original one. It is also 
very applicable, and not subject to the same objection which Mr. Lindley 
has to French Crab. Second, because there is already in the Horti- 
cultural Society's Catalogue, the " White Easter" — the "Paasch Appel," 
of Knoop — and the two names being so similar, may tend to confusion, 
a result of already too frequent occurrence, and most desirable to be 
avoided. The name Winter Greening is also more descriptive. 

390. WINTER LADING.— H. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, at the 
middle, and two inches and a half high ; roundish, and narrowing 
towards the crown, irregularly formed, sometimes with one prominent 
angle on one side. Skin, bright green, marked with patches and dots 
of thin russet. Eye, closed, set in an angular basin. Stalk three 
quarters of an inch long, curved, inserted in a deep, round cavity. 
Flesh, greenish-white, juicy, sweet, very tender, and delicate, with a 
pleasant acid. 

An excellent sauce apple ; in use from October to Christmas. It is 
grown in the north-eastern parts of Sussex, about Heathfield. 

391. WINTER MAJETIN.— Lind. 

Identification. — Lind. in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. 68. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 876. 
Lind. Guide, 58. 

Fruit, medium sized ; roundish-ovate, with ribs round the crown. 
Skin, smooth, dark green, covered with thin dull brownish-red on the 
side next the sun. Eye, small and open, set in a deep basin, which is 
much furrowed and plaited. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, 
slender, inserted in a deep and narrow cavity, which is lined with russet. 
Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, brisk, and pleasantly flavored. 

A first-rate culinary apple, bearing a considerable resemblance to the 
London Pippin, but does not change to yellow color by keeping as 
that variety does. It is in use from January to May. 

This variety is, strictly speaking, a Norfolk apple, where it is much 
grown for the local markets. It was first made public by Mr. George 



208 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



Lindley, who introduced it to the notice of the London Horticultural 
Society. In the " Guide to the Orchard," it is stated that the Aphis 
Lanigera or " Meally Bug," so destructive to most of our old orchard 
trees, seems to be set at defiance by the Majetin. "An old tree now 
growing in a garden belonging to Mr. William Youngman, of Norwich, 
which had been grafted about three feet high in the stem, has been for 
many years attacked by this insect below the grafted part, but never 
above it ; the limbs and branches being to this day perfectly free, 
although all the other trees in the same garden have been infested more 
or less with it." 

The tree is a most abundant bearer. 



392. WINTER PEARMAIN.— Ger. 

Identification.— Ger. Herb. Aust. Treat. 54. Raii. Hist. ii. 1448. Lang Pom. 
134. t. lxxviii. f. 4. Gibs. Fr. Gard. 356. Fors. Treat. 130. Lind. Guide, 84. 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 563. Rog. Fr. Cult. 76. 

Synonymes. — Great Pearmaine, Park. Par. 587. Pearmain. Evelyn Pom. 65. 
Peare-maine, Hush. Fr. Orch. Old Pearmain, Pom.\Heref. t. 29. Parmain d'Hiver, 
Knoop. Pom. 64. t. xi. Pepin Parmain d'Hiver, Ibid. 131. Pepin Parmain 
d' Angleterre, Ibid. Grauwe of Blanke Pepping Van Der Laan, Ibid. Peremenes 
Ibid. Zeeuwsche Pepping, Ibid. Duck's Bill, in some parts of Sussex. Drue 
Permein d' Angleterre, Quint. Inst. 202. 

Figures. — Pom. Heref. t. 29. Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xxii. f. 2. 
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and about the same in 




height ; of a true pearmain shape, somewhat five sided towards the 
crown. Skin, smooth and shining, at first of a greenish-yellow, marked 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 209 

with faint streaks of dull red on the shaded side, and entirely covered 
with deep red on the side next the sun ; but changes by keeping to fine 
deep yellow, streaked with flesh color on the shaded side ; but of a 
beautiful, clear, deep red or crimson, on the side next the sun, and 
strewed all over with small russety dots. Eye, large and open, with 
short segments, set in a pretty deep, and prominently plaited basin. 
Stalk, very short, not exceeding a quarter of an inch long, inserted in a 
deep, funnel-shaped cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, 
firm, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with a brisk, poignant, and very pleasant 
flavor. 

A highly esteemed old English apple, suitable principally for culinary 
purposes, but also valuable for the dessert ; it is in use from December 
to the end of April. 

The tree attains about the middle size, is a free and healthy grower, 
and an excellent bearer. 

This is, I believe, the oldest existing English apple on record. It is 
noticed as being cultivated in Norfolk, as early as the year 1200, — what 
evidence against Mr. Knight's theory ! In Blomefi eld's History of 
Norfolk, there is mention of a tenure in that county by petty serjeanty, 
and the payment of two hundred pearmains, and four hogsheads of cider 
of pearmains into the Exchequer, at the feast of St. Michael, yearly. 
It is the original of all the Pearmains, a name now applied to a great 
variety of apples. Much doubt has existed as to the origin of this word, 
and in a communication to the Gardener's Chronicle for 1848, I there 
stated what I conceived to be its meaning. The early forms in which 
it was written, will be seen from the synonymes above, they were 
Pearemaine and Peare-maine. In some early historical works of the 
same period, I have seen Charlemagne written Charlemaine, the last 
portion of the word having the same termination as Pearemaine. Now, 
Charlemagne being derived from Carolus magnus there is every proba- 
bility that Pearemaine is derived from Pyrus magnus. The signification 
therefore of Pearmain is the Great Pear Apple, in allusion no doubt, to 
the varieties known by that name, bearing a resemblance to the form of 
a pear. 

393. WINTER QUOINING. 

Synonymes.— Winter Queening, Eea. Pom. 212. Bail Hist. ii. 1448. Fors. 
Treat. 100. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 610. Winter Quinin, Nourse Camp. Fel. 
146. Calville d'Angleterre. LangerRother Himbeerapfel, Diel Kernobst. v. 15. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a quarter wide, and rather more 
than two inches and a half high ; conical, distinctly five-sided, with 
five acute angles, extending the whole length of the fruit, and terminat- 
ing at the crown in five equal, and prominent crowns. Skin, pale-green, 
almost entirely covered with red, which is striped and mottled with 
deeper red, and marked on the shaded side with a thin coat of russet. 
Eye, small, and closed, set in a narrow and angular cavity. Stalk, 
about half-an-inch long and slender, deeply inserted in a narrow and 
angular cavity. Flesh, greenish-yellow, tender, soft, not very juicy, 
sugary, rich, and perfumed. 

A good old English apple, suitable either for the dessert or culinary 
purposes ; it is in use from November to May. 

P. 



210 

The Winter Quoining, is a very old English apple. I have here 
adopted an orthography, different from that usually employed, because 
I conceive it to be the most correct. The name is derived from the 
word Coin or Quoin, the corner stones of a building, because of the 
angles or corners on the sides of the fruit. Thus Rea in his Pomona says, 
when speaking of this apple, " it succeeds incomparably on the paradise 
apple, as the Colviele, (Calville) and all other sorts of Queenings do," re- 
garding the Calville also as a Queening from the angularity of its shape. 



394. WOODCOCK.— Evelyn. 

Identification. — Evelyn Pom. 102. Pom. Heref. t. 10. Lind. Guide, 112. Eog. 
Fr. Cult. 112. 

Fruit, medium sized ; of an oval shape, tapering a little towards the 
crown, which is narrow. Eye, flat, with broad segments of the calyx. 
Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, thick, and fleshy, and curved 
inwards towards the fruit. Skin, yellow, nearly covered with a soft red, 
and much deeper color on the sunny side. 

Specific gravity of the juice, 1073. — Lindley. 

This is one of the oldest cider apples, and is highly commended by 
the writers of the seventeenth century ; but according to Mr. Knight it 
has long ceased to deserve the attention of the planter. It is said 
that the name of this apple, is derived from an imagined resem- 
blance in the form of the fruit, and fruit- stalk, in some instances, to 
the head and beak of a woodcock ; but Mr. Knight thinks it probable 
that it was raised by a person of that name. 



395. WOOLMAN'S LONG.— Coxe. 

Identification — Coxe View, 169. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 884. 

Stnontmes. — Ortley, Hort. Trans, vol. vi. p. 415. Lind. Guide, 78. Van Dyne, 
Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 1128. 

Fruit, medium sized ; oblong. Skin, clear deep yellow, on the shaded 
side ; but bright scarlet, on the side next the sun, sprinkled with 
imbedded pearly specks, and russety dots. Eye, large, set in a moderately 
deep and plaited basin. Stalk, slender, inserted in a rather deep and 
even cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, brittle, juicy, with a rich, brisk, 
and perfumed flavor. 

An excellent apple of first-rate quality, suitable either for culinary or 
dessert use ; it is in season from December to April. 

This is an American apple, and originated in the state of New 
Jersey, U. S. 



396. WORMSLEY PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 885. Down. Fr, Amer. 97. Gard. 

Chron. 1846, 853. Eog. Fr. Cult. 80. 
Synonyme. — Knight's Codlin, ace. Hort, Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 
Figure. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. iv. f. 2. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 211 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half broad in the middle, and three 
inches high ; ovate, widest at the middle, and narrowing both towards 
the base and the apex, with obtuse angles on the sides, which terminate 
at the crown in several prominent ridges. Skin, smooth, deep clear 
yellow, with a rich golden or orange tinge, on the side next the sun, and 
covered with numerous dark spots. Eye, large and open, with long 
acuminate segments, placed in a deep, furrowed, and angular basin. 
Stalk, short, inserted in a deep and round cavity, which is thickly lined 
with russet. Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, rich, sugary, brisk, and aromatic. 

A most valuable apple either for the dessert or culinary purposes ; 
it is in season during September and October. 

This admirable apple was raised by T. A. Knight, Esq., and first 
brought into notice in 1811. As a culinary apple it is not to be surpassed ; 
and even in the dessert, when well ripened, Mr. Knight considered it 
closely resembled the Newtown Pippin. The tree is hardy, healthy, a 
free and abundant bearer. It has been found to succeed in every latitude 
of these kingdoms. Even in Rosshire, the late Sir. G. S. McKenzie, 
found it to succeed well as an espalier. It ought to be cultivated in 
every garden, however small. 

397. WYKEN PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification.— Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 886. Lind. Guide, 25. Rog. Fr. Cult. 93. 

Synonymes. — Warwickshire Pippin, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 39. Arley, Ibid. 18. 
Girkin Pippin, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 

Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. xli. f. 1. 

Fruit, below medium size, two inches and a half broad, and two inches 

high ; oblate, even and 
handsomely shaped. 
Skin, smooth, pale 
greenish-yellow in the 
shade ; but with a dull 
orange blush next the 
sun, and sprinkled all 
over with russety dots 
and patches of delicate 
russet, particularly on 
the base. Eye, large 
and open, set in a wide, 
shallow, and plaited 
basin. Stalk, very 
short, imbedded in a 
shallow cavity. Flesh, 

yeJow, tinged with green, tender, very juicy, sweet, and richly flavored. 
A valuable and delicious dessert apple of first-rate quality ; in use 

from December to April. 

The tree is a healthy and good grower, and an excellent bearer. 
This variety is said to have originated from seed saved from an apple 

which Lord Craven had eaten while on his travels from France to 

Holland, and which was planted at Wyken, about two miles from 

P 2 




212 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

Coventry. According to Mr. Lindley, the original tree, then very old, 
was in existence in 1827, and presented the appearance of an old 
trunk, with a strong sucker growing from its roots. 

398. YELLOW ELLIOT.— Knight. 

Identification. — Pom. Heref. t 17. Lind. Guide, 113. 

Synonymes. — Eleot, Worl. Vin. 163. Eliot, Philips Cid. Yellow Eyelet, Hort. 
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 15. ?. 

Fruit, of a good size, rather more flat than long, having a few obtuse 
angles terminating in the crown. Eye, small, with short diverging 
segment of the calyx. Stalk, short. Skin, pale yellow, slightly shaded 
with orange on the sunny side. 

Specific gravity of the juice, 1076. 

The cider of this apple in a new state, is harsh and astringent, but 
grows soft and mellow with age, and was much esteemed by the writers 
of the seventeeth century. 

399. YELLOW INGESTRIE.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Trans, vol. 1, p. 227. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed 3, n. 359. 
Lind. Guide, 26. Diel Kernobst. iii. B. 43. Rog. Fr. Cult. 81. 

Figure.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. pi. i. f. 4. 

Fruit, small, an inch and three quarters wide, and an inch and five- 
eights high ; of a handsome cylindrical shape, flattened at both ends. 
Skin, smooth, of a fine clear yellow, tinged with a deeper yellow on the 
side next the sun, and marked with small pinky spots. Eye, small, and 
partially closed, set almost even with the surface ; but sometimes in 
a wide, and shallow basin. Stalk, from half-an-inch to three quarters 
long, set in a rather shallow, and smooth cavity. Flesh, yellow, firm, 
crisp, and delicate, with a profusion of brisk, and highly flavored vinous 
juice. 

A beautiful and delightful little dessert apple, of first-rate quality, 
bearing a considerable resemblance to the Golden Pippin ; it is in use 
during September and October. 

The tree is large, spreading, and an excellent bearer. 

This and the Red Ingestrie, were raised by T. A. Knight, Esq. 

400. YELLOW NEWTOWN PIPPIN.— Hort. 

Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 595. 

Synonyme. — Large Yellow Newtown Pippin, Coxe View. 142. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and three 
quarters high ; roundish, irregular in its outline, and prominently 
angled on the sides. Skin, of an uniform deep straw-color, which is 
rather deeper and richer on the side next the sun, than on the other; 
and thinly covered with delicate reticulations of fine grey russet, inter- 
spersed with several large dark spots. Eye, large and closed, with long 
linear segments, set in a wide and irregular basin, from which issue 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 213 

several deep russety furrows. Stalk, short, deeply inserted in an uneven 
and angular cavity, which is partially lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish, 
crisp, juicy, and slightly sub-acid, but with an agreeable flavor. 

A first-rate dessert apple ; in use from December to March, and ripens 
better in this climate than the Newtown Pippin. 

401. YORKSHIRE GREENING.— Fors. 

Identification. — Fors. Treat. 131. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,n. 889. Lind. Guide, 
60. Hog. Fr. Cult. 60. 

Stnonymes. — Coates's, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 1, 165. Seek-no-farther, Ibid. 1032. 
Yorkshire Goose Sauce, ace. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3. 

Figure. — Eon. Pyr. Mai. pi. xi. f. 2. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and two inches and a half 
high ; oblate and slightly angular on the sides. Skin, very dark green ; 
but where exposed to the sun, tinged with dull red, which is striped with 
broken stripes of deeper red, very much speckled all over with rather 
bold grey russet specks, and over the base with traces of greyish brown 
russet. Eye, closed, set in a shallow, irregular, and plaited basin. 
Stalk, short, stout, and fleshy, covered with grey tomentum, inserted 
in a wide and rather shallow cavity. Flesh, greenish-white, firm, crisp, 
and very juicy, with a brisk, but pleasant acidity. 

A first-rate culinary apple ; in use from October to January 



214 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



ADDITIONAL VARIETIES OF APPLES. 



The following is an enumeration of apples which are known to exist 
in Great Britain, but of the great majority of which I have no personal 
knowledge. They are either recorded in other works on pomology, or 
have been communicated to me by correspondents. The most of these 
have only a local reputation, and do not possess sufficient merit to make 
them attractive out of their own districts. A great number are conti- 
nental varieties, which have chiefly been introduced through the in- 
strumentality of the London Horticultural Society, in whose garden they 
are only to be found ; and many of these are worthy of being more 
generally known. There are also several varieties which have come under 
my notice, since the preceding part of this work was published ; but of 
the greater part enumerated, I have had no opportunity of seeing the 
fruit ; the descriptions, therefore, are either from the works in which 
they are recorded, or the correspondents with whom I have communicated} 
my object in supplying these additional varieties, being to furnish a 
complete record of all that are known to exist in Great Britain so far as 
that can be ascertained. 

402. ACHMORE. 

A Scotch apple of medium size, and conical shape, green on the 
shaded side, and red next the sun ; of second-rate quality as a dessert 
fruit, and in season during December and January. — H. S. C. n. 2. 

403, ADAM'S APPLE. 

A worthless variety, unless for cider ; it is of medium size, oblong, 
dark red, and in use during December and January. — H. S. C.n. 3. 

404. ATKINS SEEDLING. 

A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality either as a culinary or 
dessert fruit; the shape is roundish, the color greenish yellow; in 
use in November. The tree is hardy, a free bearer, and nearly allied 
to the Hawthorn de a. — Laws. Cat. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 215 

405. ALBAN. 

A cider apple, of medium size, round, green on the shaded side, and 
red next the sun ; in use from December to February. — H. S. C. n. 5, 

406. ALDERSTON PIPPIN. 

A small early dessert apple ; it is ovate, pale yellow, of second-rate 
quality, and ripe in August. — H. S. C. p. 4. 

407. AMERICAN NONPAREIL. 

A beautiful apple of medium size, its color yellow, streaked and 
stained on the sunny side with bright red ; its form oblong, a good deal 
contracted at the summit ; its stalk deeply sunken ; the flesh white, firm, 
juicy, and good. This apple ripens in October and November. A 
very fine fruit, and externally resembles the Hubbardston Nonsuch. — 
Ken. Amer. Or. 30. 

408. AMERICAN PEACH. 

Of medium size, and second-rate quality ; roundish, red and yellow, 
and ripe in September. — H. S. C. p. 4. 

409. ANIS-SEED. 

Stnontme. — Rival Golden Pippin. 

A small, oblate, greenish-yellow dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; 
in use from October to January. — H. S. C. p. 4. 

410. ANTRIM NONPAREIL. 

A small dessert apple of second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish 
shape ; skin, striped with red ; and is in use from December till March. 
H. S. C. p. 27. 

411. API PANACHE. 

A small, roundish, yellow and green apple, of third-rate quality, in use 
from October to December. More curious than useful. — H. S. C. n. 10. 

412. ASHBY SEEDLING. 

A medium sized, roundish, yellow and red dessert apple, of second- 
rate quality ; in use during December and January. — H. S. C. p. 5. 

413. D'ASTMS. 

Stnontme.— Streifling d'Hiver. 

A noble kitchen fruit, large, and of a globular shape, a little flattened 
at the eye, which is deeply sunk and large ; green, with some dull red 



210 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC 

streaks, chiefly on the top of the fruit. It is a first-rate sort, firm, with 
rich flavor, and dresses well ; will keep till March or April. — Ron. Pyr. 
Mai. 61.pl. xxxi. f. 1. 

414. AUNT'S APPLE. 

A large kitchen fruit, of second-rate quality ; it is roundish, and 
striped, and is in season from November till March. — H. S. C. p. 3. 

415. AUTUMN GOLDEN PIPPIN. 

Fruit, below medium size. Stalk, short. Eye, large and prominent. 
Skin, fine blush next the sun, deep yellow in the shade. Flesh, crisp, 
not very juicy, but the flavor is rich and agreeable. The tree is a strong 
upright grower, forming a fine second class standard. Cultivated in 
some parts of Kent. — Rog. Fr. Cult. 84. 

416. AUTUMN REINETTE. 

Fruit, of middle size, rather oval, of a mottled red next the sun, and 
the shaded side yellow ; pulp, crisp, and contains a fine quantity of rich 
juice ; in use from October to February. — Rog. Fr. Cult. 102. 

417. BAINS'S. 

Fruit, medium sized; oblate; striped; of second-rate quality, suitable 
either for kitchen or dessert use, and possessing the flavor of the Ribston 
Pippin, but not so rich; it is in use from November to March. 
H. S. C. n. 20. 

418. BALDERSTONE SEEDLING. 

A medium sized, second-rate, kitchen apple, of conical shape, and 
striped with red ; it is in use during October and November. — H. S. C. 
p. 5. 

419. BALMANNO PIPPIN. 

A small Scotch dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is roundish- 
ovate, green and brownish, and in use from October to December. — 
H. S. C. n. 24. 

420. BATH. 

A large, roundish, yellow, kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; in 
use during November and December. — H. S. C. n. 30. 

421. BAUDRONS. 

Tree an excellent bearer, fruit keeps well, and is of good quality, 
with much acid, excellent for tarts ; tree middle size and healthy .^ This 
is a rare variety, and is supposed to exist only in the Gourdie Hill 
orchard, Carse of Gowrie. — M. C. H. S. vol. iv. 472. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 21 



422. BEAT'S PIPPIN. 



A dessert apple of large size, round, striped with red ; in use from 
November to January. — H. S. C. n. 33. 

423. BEAUFINETTE. 

A small sized culinary apple, of oblate shape, and red color ; in use 
from November to February. — H. S. C. n. 36. 

424. BELLE ANGLAISE. 

Stnontme. — Beauty of England. 
A large apple, of first-rate quality either as a culinary or dessert 
apple ; it is in use from November till December. The tree bears well 
as a standard. — Laws. Cat. 

425. BELLE HERVY. 

A large culinary apple of roundish shape, green color, and second- 
rate quality ; in use from November to March. — H. S. C. n. 47. 

426. BENLOMOND. 

A large, oblong, culinary fruit ; of a greenish-yellow color ; in use 
from October to December. The fruit is of good quality ; tree bears 
steadily, has long slender twigs, is of middle size, leaves large, of un- 
common figure. A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. 
M. C. H. S. vol. iv. p. 470. 

427. BENWELL'S LARGE. 

A large, roundish, green variety, of inferior quality ; in ^use in 
December. — H. S. C. p. 6. 

428. BENZLER. 

A medium sized cider apple, of ovate shape, striped with red, and in 
season from December to May. — If. S. C. n. 54. 

429. BETLEY CODLIN. 

A medium sized kitchen apple, of conical shape ; skin, yellow, with 
brownish-red towards the sun ; in use from October till January. — 
H. S. C. p. 153. 

430. BISCHOFFS REINETTE. 

A middle sized, very valuable dessert apple, it is conical or pearmain- 
shaped ; the skin is of a fine lemon color, without any red next the sun, 
but with markings of russet. Flesh, whitish-yellow, very fine, juicy, 
sugary, vinous, and aromatic. Ripe in November, and , continues in 
use all the winter. — Diel Kernobst. i. B. 82. 



218 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC 



431. BLACK ANNETTE. 

A medium sized apple of second-rate quality, suitable either for 
culinary or dessert use ; it is of an ovate shape, dark red color, and 
in use from November to January. — H. S. C. p. 5. 

432. BLACK AMERICAN. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of roundish 
shape, dark red color, and in use during November and December. — 
H. S. C. n. 62. 

433. BLACK BESS. 

An apple peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie, and said to keep long. — 
M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 

434. BLACK BORSDORFFER. 

Synonyme. — Black Crab. 

A small, roundish, dark red apple, of inferior quality ; in use from 
November to January. It is curious on account of its color, in other 
respects worthless. — H. S. C. n. 64. 

435. BLACK NONPAREIL. 

This is a small angular apple, with the stalk thickened like that of the 
Lemon Pippin. It has nothing of the character of the Nonpareil, but 
is a rich high flavored apple. It is only met with in the Scotch 
collections. — Hort. Trans, iii. 325. 

436. BLAND'S ORANGE PIPPIN. 

Fruit, small, flattened at both ends. Stalk, short. Eye, large and 
deep. Color, light orange, deepening as it ripens, and varied with 
russet specks. The pulp is crisp, very juicy, and fit for the dessert ; it 
is in perfection during October. — Rog. Fr. Cult. 79. 

437. BLOOD ROYAL. 

A large culinary apple of second-rate quality ; it is roundish, dark 
red, and in use from September to November. — H. S. C. p. 7. 

438. BOGMILN FAVORITE. 

A small Scotch dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a round 
shape, and striped with red ; and in use from November to January. 
This variety is peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie orchards, and is there 
esteemed of excellent quality. — H. S. C. n. 72. 

439. BONNER. 

A Scotch apple peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie orchards, and there 
esteemed a fine autumn apple, and the tree an excellent bearer. — 
M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 219 

440. BONNIE BRIDE. 

A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, and esteemed 
as a fruit of excellent quality ; tree a good bearer, middle sized and 
healthy, a rare variety. — M. C. If. S. iv. 471. 

441. BOOMREY. 

A pretty large handsome apple, of a flat shape, and deep red color ; 
and the flesh is streaked with red. It is not fit to eat raw, but will do 
well for cider, or for the kitchen. It keeps till April. — Fors. Treat. 94. 

442. BOVEY REDSTREAK. 

A handsome apple of flattish shape, beautifully streaked with a bright 
red next the eye, which is small, and" of a yellow color about the foot- 
stalk. It keeps till the latter end of October. — Fors. Treat. 94. 

443. BOWES'S NONESUCH. 

A medium sized apple, for culinary purposes ; the shape is roundish, 
skin, green, and striped with red ; in use during October. — H. S. C. n. 490. 

444. BRAINGE. 

A small cider apple of ovate shape, and striped with red ; it is in use 
in November.— H. S. C. n. 80. 

445. BOURASSA. 

Synontme. — Barrossa. 

A medium sized conical apple, of second-rate quality ; it is russeted 
and red, suitable either for culinary or dessert use ; and is in season 
from October to December. — H. S. C. p. 8. 

446. BRAUNE MAL. 

A large culinary apple of oblate shape, and brown color, and in use 
from December to March. — H. S. C. n. 83. 

447. BRAUNSCHWEIGER MILCH. 

Stnonymes. — Milch Apfel, Christ Garienb. 300. 

This is an extremely beautiful and valuable German apple, roundish, 
three inches high, and about the same wide. Its skin is as thin, clear, and 
tender, as the finest paper, snow-white, like wax, with several beautiful 
crimson stripes and dots on the sunny side ; it has a very short stalk, 
ripens in the beginning of August, and keeps for fourteen days. — ■ 
Christ Gartenb. 300. 



2'20 BRITISH POMOLOGY ETC. 

448. BROWN'S SUMMER BEAUTY. 

Of medium size, oval shape, straw color, with a flush of unmixed red, 
both eye and stalk prominent; the flesh delicate, and full of richly 
flavored juice. This is a first-rate table apple, ripening in September. 
It was raised by Mr. Brown at Slough. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 3, pi. ii. f. 2. 

449. BROWNITE. 

A medium sized apple, of oblate shape, striped with red, and of inferior 
quality ; it is in use during December and January. — H. S. C. p. 8. 

450. BUCKS COUNTY. 

Synonyme. — Solebury Cider. 

A large cider apple, of conical shape, and yellow and red color ; in 
use from November till March. Tree a great bearer. — H. S. C. n. 94. 

451. BUCHANAN'S LONG KEEPER. 

Of medium size, round, and yellowish-green color, second-rate quality, 
and in use from January to April. — H. S; C. p. 8. 

452. BUFFCOAT. 

A cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow russeted color. — ■ 
H. S. C. n. 98. 

453. BURR KNOT. 
Synonyme. — Burr Apple. 

A large apple of globular form, smooth glossy surface, yellow, with a 
flush of faint red. This is a very useful kitchen fruit in November and 
December, and a profuse bearer. The tree grows in a close and compact 
form, and seldom cankers. It is named Burr Knot from knots or joints 
on the shoots, which render it easy to be grown from cuttings. — Ron. 
Pyr. Mai. 77, pi. xxxix. f. 1. 

454. BURRELL'S RED. 

Above the medium size, of a conical shape, with wrinkles encompass- 
ing a small shallow eye ; the stalk is deeply inserted, it is of an entire 
beautiful red color, approaching to scarlet. The flesh is juicy, and rich, 
with an agreeable acid. This is a very desirable sauce apple throughout 
November, December, and January. It is a robust grower, and bears 
well.— Ron. Pyr. Mai. 83, pi. xlii. f. 1. 

455. BURTON SEEDLING. 

Very much resembles the Manks Codlin, the flesh is tender, delicate, 
and of a fine flavor, and the tree a great bearer. This variety is chiefly 
to be met with in the neighbourhood of Nottingham. — Mid. Flor. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 221 

456. BUSHAM. 

A culinary apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of a 
roundish shape, yellowish-green color, and is in season from December 
till March.— H. S. C. p. 8. 

457. CADBURY. 

Stnokyme. — Cadbury Pound. 

A small, conical, cider apple, of a pale green or yellow color, and 
good flavor, ripe in January, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 95. 

458. CALANDER. 

A large Scotch apple, of first-rate quality, either as a culinary or 
dessert fruit ; it is of a conical shape, and in use from October to 
December. The tree is a good bearer. — Laws. Cat. 

459. CAMBUSNETHAN PIPPIN. 

Synontmes. — Winter Redstreak ; Watch Apple. 

A Scotch apple, originally from the gardens at Cambusnethan, it is 
rather above the middle size, round, flattened at both ends ; eye, very 
large, in a regular wide cavity, ground color, yellow, with a profusion of 
red in irregular splotches ; the flesh is white and melting, with a very 
rich saccharine juice. — Hort. Trans, iii. 25. 

460. CAMPFIELD. 

A cider apple of medium size, oblate shape, yellow and red color ; in 
use during December and January. — H. S. C. n. 125. 

461. CAPPER'S PEARMAIN. 

Synonyme. — New Duck's Bill. 

A large and handsome dessert apple, but only of second-rate quality ; 
it is pearmain-shaped, skin, striped with red ; and in use from December 
till March. This variety is peculiar to Sussex. — H. S. C. n. 537. 

462. CARNATION. 

This is a beautiful middle sized fruit, finely striped with red ; it is 
ripe in January and keeps till May. — Fors. Treat. 96. 

463. CARBERRY PIPPIN. 

This in size and shape, resembles the French Crab, and is of a deep 
green color. It is a good baking apple and will keep till March. — 
Fors. Treat. 97. 



222 



464. CARSE REDSTREAK. 



A Scotch apple, cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, it is very 
beautiful, and the tree is a moderate bearer. — M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 

465. CATLINE. 

Synonymes. — Gregson ; Catline of Maryland. 

An American dessert apple of small size, oblate shape, yellow and red 
color, and second-rate quality ; it is in use from October to December. 
H. S. C. n. 129. 

466. CHATAIGNIER. 

A French kitchen apple of medium size, ovate shape, and striped with 
red. It keeps for two years, and contains a very strong acid. — H. S. C. 
n. 136. 

467. CHAUDIERE. 
A small, roundish, green cider apple. — H. S. C. n. 137. 

468. CHRIST'S GOLD REINETTE. 

Synonyme. — Christ's Deutsche Goldreinette. 

Fruit, above medium size, about two inches and a half high, and 
about three inches broad ; oblate. Skin, pale gold-yellow, with a light 
red cheek on the sunny side, and the greater part of the fruit covered 
with cinnamon colored russet. Eye, set in a shallow and wide basin. 
Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined 
with russet. Flesh, fine, tender, juicy, with an aromatic and vinous 
flavor. 

An excellent apple either for culinary or dessert use ; in use from 
November till May. — Christ Vollst. Pom. 165. 

469. CIERGE D'HIVER. 

A small, conical, green cider apple, in use during November and 
December.— H. S. C. n. 143. 

470. CITRONEN REINETTE. 

Synonyme. — Eeinette de Citron. 

Fruit, pretty large, two inches and three quarters, to three inches 
broad, and about the same in height ; abrupt pearmain-shaped. Skin, 
smooth, of a beautiful shining bright yellow, with a rose colored blush, 
on the side towards the sun. Eye, closed, with long acuminate segments, 
set in a wide, even, and pretty shallow basin, which is somewhat plaited. 
Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped cavity, which 
is lined with cinnamon colored russet. Flesh, very white, fine grained, 
juicy, and of a very brisk, sugary, and vinous flavor. 

A very beautiful and valuable dessert apple, of German origin. It 
was raised by Herrn, Rath and Amtmann Rath, of Nassau ; it is in use 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 223 

in December, and keeps during the whole of the winter and spring, even 
till June. — Diel Kernobst. iii. 132. 

471. CLARET. 

A medium sized kitchen apple, of conical shape, and red color ; it is 
in use during December and January. — H. S. C. n. 146. 

472. CLARKE'S CODLLN. 

A medium sized kitchen apple, of third-rate quality, it is of a conical 
shape, and yellow color, and comes into use in November. — H. S. C. p. 10. 

473. CLEPINGTON. 

A medium sized dessert apple, ripe in September. It is a seedling 
from the Oslin. — Riv. Cat. 

474. CLEY PIPPIN. 

A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a roundish shape, 
and yellow color ; and is in use from October to March. — H. S. C. n. 145. 

475. CLOUDED SCARLET. 

A very beautiful apple, cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards ; 
the tree bears well. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 

476. CLOVE PIPPIN. 

A medium sized dessert fruit, of second rate quality ; it is of an oblate 
shape, russety-red color, and is ripe in August. — JET. S. C. n. 147. 

There is another variety in Mr. Rivers's Catalogue, which is also 
called Clove Pippin, and which is said to be a large dessert apple, of 
first-rate quality, and in use from November till April. 

477. COCKPIT. 

Of ordinary size, oval shape, both eye and stalk (which is slender), 
prominent ; when ripe of a yellow color, the flesh is tender, and of a 
brisk flavor. Ripe in November and December. It grows healthily, 
and bears constantly. This variety is much cultivated in the North of 
England, as a useful pleasant apple, either for the table or kitchen. — 
Ron. Pyr. Mai. 73. pi. xxxvii. f. 1. 

478. COLLIN'S KEEPER. 

A large kitchen apple, of roundish shape, green and yellow color, and 
keeps till January. — H. S. C. n. 173. 

479. CONQUEST DE WIGERS. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a 
roundish shape, pale yellow color, and in use from January till March. — < 
H. S. C. n. 175. 



224 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

480. CORSTORPHINE. 

A medium sized second-rate Scotch culinary apple, of conical shape, 
and pale yellow color ; in use during September and October. — 
Laws. Cat. 

481. CORNISH NONPAREIL. 

This is rather under the middle size, it, is a little flatted, and of a 
russet color. This is a very good apple, and keeps till the middle of 
March. — Fors. Treat. 97. 

482. CORNISH PEARMAIN. 

This is of a middling size, and long shape, of a dull green color on 
one side, and russet on the other. This is a very good apple, and keeps 
till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat. 97. 

483. CORSE'S FAVORITE. 

A Canadian apple, raised near Montreal. It is described as an apple 
of extraordinary flavor ; it commences ripening in August, and has this 
singular peculiarity in maturing : it is six weeks from the time the first 
are fit for the table, before the last are so ; it should be perfectly matured 
on the tree, and eaten immediately. — Ken. Amer. Or. 26. 

Such is the character of this fruit in America, but I have had no 
experience of it here. — H. 

484. COS or CAAS. 

A native of Kingston, N. Y., where it is productive and very highly 
esteemed. Fruit, large, one-sided or angular, roundish, broad and 
flattened at the stalk, narrowing a good deal to the eye. Skin, smooth, 
pale greenish-yellow in the shade, but red in the sun, with splashes and 
specks of bright red, and a few yellow dots. Stalk, very short, and 
rather strong, downy, deeply inserted in a wide, one-sided cavity. 
Calyx, small, in a narrow, shallow basin. Flesh, white, tender, with a 
mild, agreeable flavor. December to March. — Down. Fr. Amer. 103. 

485. COURT-PENDU N01R. 

A medium sized kitchen apple, of round shape, and dark' red color ; 
in use from December till March. — H. S. C. n. 186. 

486. COWARNE QUEENING. 

A small, ovate apple, green and red, suitable either for cider or the 
dessert use ; it is in season from October till March, and is a good 
bearer.— 77. S. C. n. 606. 

487. COW'S SNOUT. 

A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, it is of oblong shape, 
green and yellow color, and ripe during August and September. — 
H. S. C. n. 189. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 225 

488. CREDE'S QUITTENREINETTE. 

Synonymes.— Credos Gutten Reinette, Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 646. 

Rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and two 
inches and a quarter high ; roundish. Skin, smooth, of an uniform fine 
lemon color, when ripe, and strewed with star-like russety dots. Eye, 
open, with long green segments, set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk, 
thin, half-an-inch long, inserted in a wide, deep, and funnel-shaped 
cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, of a beautiful white, very 
fine and juicy, with a sugary, vinous, and quince flavor. It is in use 
from December till spring. — Diel Kernobst. xxi. 105. 

489. CRIMSON QUEENING. 

Synonymes. — Scarlet Queening ; Summer Queening ; Red Queening ; Hereford- 
shire Queening. 

A medium sized apple, of conical shape, red color, and second-rate 
quality, suitable either for the dessert or culinary use ; and in season 
from December till March. It is not so rich as the Cornish Gilliflower, 
but resembles it both in flavor and appearance. — H. S. C. n. 609. 

490. CROOM PIPPIN. 

A small, roundish, yellow apple ; in use from December to January. — 
H. S. C. n. 194. 

491. CUMBERLAND PIPPIN. 

Of medium size, roundish shape, prominently ribbed on the sides, 
and pale green color, suitable for kitchen use ; and in season during 
December.— H. S. C. p. 12. 

492. CURTIS. 

A native of Virginia. The skin is smooth, of a red color ; flesh, juicy 
and pleasant. Ripe, middle to end of August. — Ken. Amer. Or. 59. 

493. CYDER SOP. 

A medium sized cider apple, of roundish-ovate shape, and yellow, 
covered with brownish-red color. — H. S. C. p. 12. 

494. DAISY. 

A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, it is a very 
beautiful, small, sweet fruit, and not common. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 

495. DALMAHOY PIPPIN. 

This is about the size of a Golden Pippin, of a green color, and a 
little streaked with red towards the sun, it has a tolerable good flavor, 
rather sharp ; and is in eating from September till February. — Fors. 
Treat. 99. 

Q 



226 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

496. DANVERS WINTER SWEET. 

Synonyme. — Epse's Sweet. 

In Massachusetts, from a town in which this variety takes its name, it 
has for a long time been one of the best market apples ; but we think 
it inferior to the Ladies' Sweeting. It is an abundant bearer, and a 
very rapid tree in its growth. 

Fruit, of medium size, roundish-oblong. Skin, smooth, dull yellow, 
with an orange blush. Stalk, s]ender, inclining to one side. Calyx, 
set in a smooth, narrow basin. Flesh, yellow, firm, sweet, and rich. 
It bakes well, and is fit for use the whole winter, and often till April. 
Down. Fr. Amer. 108. 

497. DARLINGTON PIPPIN. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of an oblate shape, green color, and 
second-rate quality. — H. S. C. n. 199. 

498. DEPTFORD INN. 

A very small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of roundish 
shape, brownish-red color ; and in use from November till January. — 
H. S. C. n. 200. 

499. DERBYSHIRE. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of ovate shape, pale yellow, and red 
color ; and in use from November till March. — H. S. C. p. 12. 

500. DESCIBUS. 

A medium sized apple, of oblate shape, yellow color, and inferior 
quality, ripe in November. — H. S. C. p. 12. 

501. DETROIT. 

Synontmes. — Eed Detroit; Black Detroit ; Black Apple; Large Black; Crimson 
Pippin. 

Fruit of medium, or rather large size, roundish, somewhat flattened 
and pretty regular. Stalk, three fourths of an inch long, planted in a 
deep cavity. Skin, pretty thick, smooth, and glossy, bright crimson at 
first, but becoming dark blackish purple at maturity, somewhat dotted 
and marbled with specks of fawn color on the sunny side. Calyx, closed, 
set in a rather deep plaited basin. Flesh, white, (sometimes stained 
with red to the core in exposed specimens,) crisp, juicy, of agreeable 
sprightly sub-acid flavor. October to February. — Down. Fr. Amer. 106. 

502. DEVONSHIRE GOLDEN BALL. 

It is large and of globular shape, straw-colored, with a flush of un- 
stripecl carmine ; a very beautiful sauce apple, juicy, with an agreeable 
acid. It is a very useful apple in January and February. The tree 
grows well, and bears freely. — Ron. Fyr. Mai. 83. pi. xlii. f. 2. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAPJETIES. 227 

503. DEVONSHIRE QUEEN. 

A beautiful apple, rather large, straw-colored, enriched over three 
fourths of its surface, with bright red stripes. It is an excellent apple, 
juicy, and briskly flavored, fit either for the table or for sauce, but particu- 
larly the latter ; ripe in October. It is a general favorite in the West 
of England.— Ron. Pyr.Mal. 49. pi, xxv. f. 1. 

504. DEVONSHIRE RED STREAK. 

An old apple, and highly esteemed in the West of England, it is of 
middle size, globular, but a little oval, straw-colored, with a good deal 
of scarlet striping; the flavor is poignant, with plenty of juice and acid. 
It is excellent either for the dessert, or for cider, and will keep in 
perfection till January. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 53. pi. xxvii. f. 2. 

505. DEVONSHIRE WHITE SOUR. 

A small, oblate, greenish-yellow apple, ripe in August. — H. S. C. n. 204. 

506. DEVONSHIRE WILDING. 

Is a favorite sort in North Devon, for the manufacture of rough 
cider of great strength, so much relished by the laborers of that country. 
The fruit is of middle size, nearly round, flatted at the ends ; color, 
yellowish-green, dotted with brown ; the stalk short and thick, and 
closely attached to the branch, and hanging long on the tree. The pulp 
is firm, and well charged with a sharp acid juice. When cider is made 
of it, alone, the fruit is kept for a month before going to the mill. The 
tree grows strongly, and rises to rank in the first class in the orchard ; 
and is, like most of the cider apples, very seldom attacked by the 
American blight. — Rog. Fr. Cult. 111. 

507. DICKSON'S GREENING. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of roundish shape, green color ; in 
use from December till February. — H. S. C. n. 206. 

508. DIETZER ROTHE MANDEL REINETTE. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and two 
inches and a half high ; round. Skin, bright green, changing as it 
ripens to rich golden-yellow, the greater part washed with light red, 
which terminates in stripes on the shaded side. Eye, open, with short 
segments, set in a wide and shallow basin. Stalk, thin and woody, three 
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep russety cavity. Flesh, very 
fine, yellowish, firm, juicy, and with a rich, sugary, aromatic, and musky 
flavor. 

A valuable German dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is ripe in 
December, and will keep till summer. 

The tree is an excellent grower, attains a large size, and is an 
excellent bearer. — Diel Kemobst. xxi. 126. 

Q 2 



228 DRITTRtl roMOT.onv, ETC. 

509. mm KERNEL. 

Is nearly of the same size as the Golden Pippin, rather broader at the 
eye, of a golden color ; perhaps not quite so rich in flavor, but it has the 
advantage in growing more freely, and bearing more plentifully, which 
it does in clusters at the end of pendulous branches ; it is ripe in Novem- 
ber, and will keep till March or April. This is a seedling from the 
Golden Pippin, raised by Mr. Dobbs, of Salomons, about four miles from 
Gloucester, about the year 1760. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 35, pi. xviii. f. 1. 



510. DOCKER'S SEEDLING. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, ovate shape, 
Ld striped wi 
H. S. C. p. 13. 



and striped with red ; it is in use from November till January. — 



511. DOCKER'S DEVONSHIRE. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, ovate shape, 
and striped with red ; in use during December and January. — H. S. C, 
p. 12. 

512. DOCTOR. 

Synonyme. — Dewit ; White Doctor ; Yellow Doctor j Eed Doctor. 

A medium sized dessert apple of second-rate quality, roundish shape, 
and striped with yellow and red color ; it is in use from October till 
January.— J7". S. C. n. 207. 

This is an American variety, and a native of Pennsylvania. 

513. DOLLAR'S KERNEL. 

A small cider apple, of ovate shape, and striped with red ; it is in use 
during October and November. — H. S. C. p. 22. 

514. DOMINE. 

This apple is extensively planted on the Hudson, and bears a very 
close resemblance to the Rambo, which is not so highly colored. 

Fruit of medium size, flat. Skin, lively greenish-yellow in the shade, 
with stripes and splashes of bright red in the sun, and pretty large russet 
specks. Stalk, long and slender, planted in a wide cavity, and inclining 
to one side. Calyx, small, in a broad basin moderately sunk. Flesh, 
white, exceedingly tender and juicy, with a sprightly, pleasant, though 
not a high flavor. 

Young wood of a smooth, lively, light brown, and the trees are the 
most rapid growers, and prodigious bearers that are known — the branches 
being literally weighed down by the rope-like clusters of fruit. An 
American variety, in use from December till April. — Down. Fr. 
Amer. 107. 



UIE APPLE.-— ITS VARIETIES. 1^29 

515. DOMINISKA. 

Synonymes. — Herrnapfel ; Gotterapfel. 

A very large and durable apple, often five inches in diameter, and 
belonging to the Rambour family. It has not only a very rich aroma, 
but its flesh is very delicious and agreeable.— Christ Handworterb, 34. 
"^Ifc'is in use from December till ApriJ^ jioxcM Hi* qooi Ifiw bm 
raofi vA'ini -wot iuods t znomoln% lo ,*d<Jo(I .iM vd baaixn <niqq 

.1 .1 .iiiyx .Iq t o8 .fcWLftpL :i DOQNSIDE;. , 9£ ft toodj 

A Scotch apple peculiar to the Ayrshire orchards, it is of medium 
size, and first-rate quality as a dessert apple ; in use from September 
till December. The tree is hardy and productive. — Laws. Cat. 

517. DORSETSHIRE REDSTREAK. 

A small cider apple, of conical shape, and striped with red ; tree a 
good bearer. — H. S. C, p. 33. 

518. DOUCE DE BOLWILLER. 

A medium sized apple of second-rate quality, pearmain-shaped, and 
brownish-red color, suitable either for culinary use or cider ; it is in use 
during November and December. — H. S. C. n. 216. 

519. DOWNTON NONPAREIL. 

A medium sized, sharp, rich flavored apple, of the first-rate quality ; 
it is of roundish shape, green color, very much covered with russet, and 
is in use from December till April. — If. S. C. n. 468. 

520. DOYENNE. 

A large acid cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow color ; in use 
from October till January.— -i£ S. C. n. 218. 

521. DREDGE'S QUEEN CHARLOTTE. 

This is a beautiful middle size apple, of a gold color, with red towards 
the sun. This apple is of an exquisite flavor, comes into eating about 
Christmas, and keeps till February. — Fors. Treat. 100. 

522. DREDGE'S RUSSET. 

This is a small apple, of a greenish russet color, and of a pleasant 
flavor. It is ripe in November, and keeps till Midsummer. — Fors. 
Treat. 99. 

523. DUCHESS OF YORK'S FAVORITE. 

A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, oblate shape, yellow 
and red color, and is in use during November and December, — H. S. C, 
p. 14. 



230 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

524. DUTCH FULWOOD. 

Synonyme. — Late Fulwood. 

A large kitchen apple, of first-rate quality, oblong shape, and green 
color ; it is in use from December till May. — H. S. C. p. 16. 

525. DYMMOCK RED. 

This is under the middle size, of a fine red color, intermixed with a 
little yellow on the side from the sun, it is ripe in January, and keeps 
till March.— Fors. Treat. 100. 

526. EARLY JOE. 

An American dessert apple, of medium size, first-rate quality, and 
ripe in September. — Riv. Cat. 

527. EARLY MARROW. 

A large cream -colored Scotch apple, of globular form, but contracted 
towards the eye, and with rather strong ribs ; the stalk slender, and 
deeply inserted. The fruit is tender and bakes well. It bears well, and 
is in use in September and October. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 7. pi. vi. f. 4. 

528. EARLY NEW-YORK. 

This fruit is more long than round, of a light green color, slightly 
tinged with red. The pulp is breaking, with much pleasant juice. As 
the fruit ripen gradually, they may be gathered as wanted, for some 
time. It ripens about the end of August. The tree is a good bearer 
in any shape. — Rog, Fr. Cult. 34. 

529. EARLY POMEROY. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of conical 
shape, striped with red, and ripe in October. — H. S. C. p. 32. 

530. EARLY RED. 

A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, oblate shape, and red 
color ; it is in use during September and October. — H. S. C. n. 231. 

531. EARLY STRAWBERRY. 

Synonyme. — American Red Juneating. 

A beautiful variety, which is said to have originated in the neighbour- 
hood of New-York, and appears in the markets there about the middle 
of July. Its sprightly flavor, agreeable perfume, and fine appearance, 
place it among the very finest summer apples. It is quite distinct from 
the Early Red Margaret, which has no fragrance, and a short stem. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 231 

Fruit, roundish, narrowing towards the eye. Skin, smooth, and fair, 
finely striped and stained with bright and dark red on a yellowish- white 
ground. Stalk, an inch and a half long, rather slender and uneven, 
inserted in a deep cavity. Calyx, rather small, in a shallow, narrow 
basin. Flesh, white, slightly tinged with red next the skin, tender, sub- 
acid, and very sprightly and brisk in flavor, with an agreeable aroma. — 
Down. Fr. Amer. 73. 



532. EDEL KONIG. 

Synonyme. — Roi Tres Noble. 

Fruit, large, three inches and a half wide, and three inches high 5 
calville-shaped. Skin, yellowish-green, but for the most part covered 
with beautiful crimson, which, on the side next the sun, is of a deep 
purple, approaching to black. Eye, closed, with long green segments, 
set in a shallow, ribbed, and plaited basin, round which are eight or 
ten prominent ribs, which extend down the sides even to the stalk, 
which render the form of the fruit very irregular. Stalk, thick, and 
often very fleshy, an inch to an inch and a half long, inserted in a deep, 
wide, and russety cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, tinged with pink, 
of a rich, sugary, and raspberry flavor. 

An excellent German culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; it is in use 
from October till November. — Diet Kernobst. ii. 1. 

533. EDINBURGH CLUSTER. 

Synonyme. — Sir Walter Blacket's Favorite. 

A medium sized kitchen apple of second-rate quality, ovate shape, 
and yellow color ; it is in use from November till January. — H. S. C. 
n. 235. 



534. EGGERMONT'S CALVILLE. 

Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two inches and a half 
high; oblate. Skin, somewhat unctuous to the feel, of an uniform clear 
lemon-yellow color, marked here and there, with lines and figures of 
russet. Eye, closed, with long segments, set in a rather deep and ribbed 
basin. Stalk, half-an-inch long, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and 
russety cavity. Flesh, beautiful white, fine, juicy, marrowy, and of a 
rich, sugary, and vinous flavor and aroma. 

An excellent and beautiful dessert apple, ripe in November, and con- 
tinues during the winter. — Die! Kernobst. vi. B. 3. 

535. ELDON PIPPIN. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of roundish 
shape ; yellow, with brownish-red color ; and in use from January till 
April.—- H. S. C. n. 236. 



232 BRITISH 

536. EMBROIDERED APPLE. 

This is pretty large, and the stripes of red, very broad, from which 
circumstance it takes its name. It is commonly used as a kitchen apple, 
and is ripe in October. — Fors. Treat. 101. 

B'DTCIHTflA'a .81 

537. EMBROIDERED PIPPIN. 

-iuqvoW: 1II08UIH ; ^Jilcup lonolfs iMdo llfinia A 

Synonyme. — Reinette Brodee. 

A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of roundish shape, 
yellow color, embroidered with russety veins, and is in use from Novem- 
ber till January.— H. S. C. n. 238. 



538. ENGLISCHE GRANAT REINETTE. 

Synonyme. — Pomme Granate. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters wide, and two 
inches and a half high ; oblato-cylindrical. Skin, smooth, of a clear 
lemon-yellow ground color, but washed over two-thirds of the surface 
with beautiful crimson, which is indistinctly striped. Eye, pretty well 
closed with short segments, set in a pretty wide, and rather shallow basin, 
which is somewhat bossed. Stalk, thin and woody, three quarters of an 
mch long, inserted in a deep russety cavity, with one, and sometimes two 
fleshy protuberances. Flesh, yellowish-white, very fine, firm, crisp, and 
juicy, of a very rich, aromatic, vinous, and sugary flavor, very similar 
to the Golden Pippin. 

A first-rate German dessert apple, ripe in December, and continues 
in use during the spring. 

The tree is not a large grower, being only middle sized ; but it is a 
great bearer. — Diel Kernobst. xi. 134, 

539. EVERLASTING. 

Synonyme. — Everlasting Striped. 

This is below the middle size, of a conical shape. The color is a 
striped green towards the footstalk, and red towards the eye, it is of 
third-rate quality ; in use from January till May. — Fors. Treat. 101. 

540. FAIR MAID OF FRANCE. 

A medium sized, roundish, and striped apple, of inferior quality. — 
H. S. C. p. 15. 

541. FALLAWATER. 

An American variety, of second-rate quality. It is rather large, 
regularly formed, and ovato- conical; of a green and brownish-red color; 
and a very good and productive variety, possessing in some degree a 
Newtown Pippin flavor. It is in use in January, and suitable either for 
table or kitchen use.— If. S. C. n. 242. 



THE APPLE.— ITS VARIETIES. 233 

542. FAME. 

A Scotch apple, peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie, but not a common 
variety.— Jlf. C. H. S. iv. 472. 

543. FARTHING'S PIPPIN. 

A small oblate, and green apple, of inferior quality ; in use in Novem- 
ber— J£ S. C. p. 15. 

544. FLAT ANDERSON. 

A Scotch variety, peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie, but rare. The 
fruit is of capital quality, and the tree an excellent bearer, middle sized 
and hardy. Only one tree in the orchard at Gourdiehill. — M. C. H. S. 
iv. 472. 

545. FLAT NONPAREIL. 

Differs from. the Old Nonpareil, only in being of a flatter shape, and 
in not keeping so long; but it is a very nice juicy apple. In eating, 
December, January, and February. The tree grows free of canker, and 
bears well. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 68, pi. xxxiv. f. 6. 

546. FLETCHER'S KERNEL. 

A medium sized dessert apple of first-rate quality. It is of a roundish 
shape, yellow color, and is in use from November to January. — II. S. C. 
n. 252. 

547. FLEUR DE PRAIREAL. 

A medium sized, cider apple, of oblate shape, greenish-yellow color ; 
and in use from November till January. — H. S. C. n. 255. 

548. FORFAR PIPPIN. 

A small dessert apple of first-rate quality, very excellent, and very 
late ; in use from January till June. — Riv. Cat. 

549. FORMOSA NONPAREIL. 

This variety was raised in the garden of Samuel Young, at Formosa 
Place, near Maidenhead, and is an extraordinary fine apple, combining 
the flavor of the Nonpareil and Golden Pippin. Hort. Trans, iii. 322. 

550. FLOWER OF THE TOWN. 

StnonyMes. — Flowery Town ; Red-Streak, of Backhouse of York. 

A medium sized, second-rate culinary apple, it is of a roundish shape, 
striped with red, and in use from September to November, but is of 
indifferent quality, though a good bearer. — H. S. C. p. 16. 



234 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

551. FRENCH CODLIN. 

A large culinary apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a conical shape, 
yellow color ; and is in use during August and September. — H. S. C. 
11. 156. 

552. FRENCH RUSSET. 

Synonymes. — French Reinette ; French Pippin. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of roundish shape, covered with 
russet ; and in use during November and December. — H. S. C. n. 739. 

553. FRENCH SPANIARD. 

This is a large apple, in form of a hexagonal prism, with the angles a 
little rounded, and of a yellowish-green color ; it is a pretty good apple, 
and keeps till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat, n. 102. 

554. GAESDONKER GOLD REINET.TE. 

Fruit, rather below medium size, two inches and a half wide, and 
two inches high ; oblate. Skin, thin, pale straw-colored at first, but 
changing by keeping, to golden-yellow, and. washed with pale red on 
the side exposed to the sun ; it is covered with numerous dots, which 
are dark crimson on the sunny side, and where much shaded, marked 
with russet. Eye, partially closed, with long pointed segments, set in a 
pretty deep cavity. Stalk, woody, sometimes very short, but at others, 
an inch long, inserted in a very deep and russety cavity. Flesh, white, 
yellowish, very fine, firm, and juicy, with a rich, aromatic, sugary, and 
vinous flavor, like that of the Golden Pippin. 

A valuable German dessert apple, ripe in December, and continues 
in use during the spring. — Diel Kernobst. i. B. 59. 

555. GARGEY PIPPIN. 

This is a handsome conical-shaped apple, under the middle size, of a 
greenish-yellow color, with a little red towards the sun. This is a pretty 
good apple, and keeps till May. — Fors. Treat. 103. 

556. GENERAL WOLFE. 

A large apple resembling the Reinette de Canada. It is of a flattened 
conical shape ; yellowish-green and brown color ; of second-rate quality, 
as a kitchen or dessert fruit ; and is in use from November till January. 
H. S. C. n. 263. 

557. GESTREIFTER SOMMER ZIMMETAPFEL. 

Synonyme. — La Canelle. 

Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high ; 
roundish, inclining to oblong. Skin, very thin and shining, covered with 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 235 

bloom when on the tree, straw-white at first, but changes when ripe to 
lemon-yellow, and on the side next the sun, it is covered with short, 
broken, crimson stripes. Eye, closed, with long woolly segments, and 
set in a shallow basin. Stalk, an inch to an inch and a quarter long, 
sometimes fleshy, inserted in a narrow and deep cavity, with occasionally 
a fleshy swelling on one side of it. Flesh, yellowish-white, fine, juicy, 
marrowy, and very aromatic, with a sugary flavor, mixed with cinnamon. 

A very excellent little German dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it 
is ripe during August and September. 

The tree is a good grower, and an excellent bearer. — Diel Kernobst. 
vi. 43. 

558. GILLIFLOWER. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality, roundish 
shape, and striped with red ; it is in use from October till February. — 
H. S. C. n. 266. 

559. GILLIFLOWER PEARMAIN. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, pearmain 
shape, yellow and red color ; and in use from November till March. — 
H. S. C. p. 30. 

560. GILPIN. 
Stnontme — Carthouse. 

A handsome cider fruit from Virginia, which is also a very good table 
fruit from February till May. A very hardy, vigorous, and fruitful tree. 

Fruit, of medium size, roundish-oblong. Skin very smooth and hand- 
some, richly streaked with deep red and yellow. Stalk, short, deeply 
inserted. Calyx, in a round, rather deep basin. Flesh, yellow, firm, 
juicy and rich, becoming tender and sprightly in the spring. — Down. 
Fr. Amer. 144. 

561. GLANZ REINETTE. 

Stnontme. — Tyroler Glanzreinette. 

Fruit, about medium sized, two inches and a quarter broad, and two 
inches high ; roundish, inclining to oblate. Skin, tender, smooth, 
varnished and shining, of a beautiful lemon-color when ripe, with a blush 
of delicate red on the side next the sun, which is wanting in fruit that 
is shaded ; strewed with brown russety dots. Eye, half open, with very 
long green segments, set in a moderately deep and plaited basin, which 
is surrounded with a few bosses. Stalk, from three quarters to an inch 
long, inserted in a rather deep basin, which is lined with fine russet, 
Flesh, snow-white, very fine, marrowy, and juicy, with a rich, sugary, 
and vinous flavor. 

A very beautiful waxen-like apple, of German origin ; it is ripe in 
December, and continues in use during the spring. 

The tree is a very strong grower, forming a beautiful round-headed 
tree ; and is very fruitful. A valuable apple. — Diel Kernobst. xi. 78. 



888 -BRITISH POMOLOGY, Eh 

562. GLORY OF HOUGHTON. 

563. GOLD* BE^Eff^/ifHpN BORDEAUX. 

Synonyme.— Bordeauer Gold Reinette. 

Fruit, very large ; obtuse pearmain-shaped. Skin, thin, greenish - 
yellow at first, but changing as it ripens to a fine rich yellow, on the 
side exposed to the sun, it is washed with bright red, and on the shaded 
side, it is marked with flakes and figures of russet, the whole surface 
covered with grey russety dots. Eye, open, set in a shallow basin. 
Stalk, short and fleshy, inserted in a wide and deep cavity, which is lined 
with russet. Flesh, yellowish-white, fine, tender, and juicy, with a 
rich, aromatic, and sugary flavor. 

A beautiful and very valuable apple ; it is ripe in December, and 
keeps till March. 

The tree is a good grower, but does not attain a large size. — 
Dittrich Handb. i. 419. 

564. GOLDEN BALL. 

A large culinary apple, of second-rate quality, roundish shape, yellow 
and red color ; and in use during August and September. — H. S.C.p. 17. 

565. GOLDEN GLOUCESTER. 

This is a handsome middle-sized apple, of a flat shape, and a gold 
color ; with red towards the sun. This is a good apple, and keeps till 
March. — Fors. Treat. 104. 

566. GOLDEN NONPAREIL. 

A small, handsome, dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a round 
shape, yellow and russet color; and is in use from December till 
February.—//. S. C. n. 473. 

567. GOLDEN WORCESTER. 

A small dessert apple, of perfectly spherical shape ; a rich golden 
color, very slightly tinged with red ; the eye and stalk, both prominent ; 
the flesh firm, well-flavored, and yellow as the skin. The fruit keeps 
till January ; before gathering it has a beautiful effect, appearing like 
golden balls, among the leaves of the tree, which are of light airy growth. 
This is also an excellent cider apple. — Hon. Pyr. Mai. 25, pi. xiii. f. 4. 

568.— GRAND SHACHEM. 

A showy, large, dark, blood -red fruit, but rather coarse, and scarcely 
worth cultivation. Fruit, very large, roundish, distinctly ribbed, and 



THE APPLE. — -ITS VARIETIES. 237 

irregular in its outline. Stalk, short and strong, and calyx set in 
a well marked basin. Skin, smooth, deep dingy red over the whole 
surface. Flesh, white, rather dry, and without much flavor. September. 
Doicn Fr. Amer. 86. 

A cider apple of large size, round shape, and striped with red ; it is 
in use during October and November.— #. S.C. n. 296. 

570. GREAVES'S PIPPIN. 

A large culinary apple of first-rate quality ; ripe in September. — 
Riv. Cat. 

571. GREEN. 

A medium sized kitchen apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a round 
shape and green color ; keeps very sound from January till June, and is 
less acid than the Winter Greening or French Crab, but not so juicy. — 
H. S. C. n. 299. 

572. GREEN BALSAM. 

A culinary apple of medium size, roundish shape, yellowish-green 
color, and in use during December and January. — H. S. C. n. 300. 

573. GREEN DRAGON. 

This is a fine large apple, of an excellent flavor, and pale-green color. 
It is rather too large for the table, and is therefore mostly used as a kit- 
chen apple. It keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 105. 

574. GREEN EYELET. 

A small cider apple, of roundish figure and green color. — H. S. C. n. 
301. 

575. GREEN LEADINGTON. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of coni- 
cal shape, green color, and in use during September and October. — 
H. S. C. n. 400. 

576. GREEN EVERLASTING. 

A small apple of inferior qualify, roundish shape, and green color ; it 
is in use during March and April. — H. S. C. p. 18. 

577. GREEN LANGLAST. 

A scotch apple, much grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. 
The tree is a most excellent bearer ; fruit of capital quality when kept ; 



238 bbitisb; pomology, etc. 

tree, middle size, bears well. The Green Virgin, the Standard, and 
Green Langlast, may be reckoned the most profitable winter apples in 
this district.— if. C. H. S. iv. 471. 

578. GREEN VIRGIN. 

Tree an excellent bearer ; bears when young ; fruit keeps well, is of 
good quality, and of a fine yellow when kept. This is one of the most 
valuable apples in the Carse of Gowrie, but only known in Gourdiehill 
Orchard ; tree healthy, middle sized. — M. C. H. S. iv. 471. 

579. GREEN WINE 

A variety peculiar to the Carse of Gowrie orchards, in Perthshire. 
Fruit, of excellent quality, tree bears well, but sickly when old. — 
M. C. IT. S. iv. 474. 

580. GREY QUEENING. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oval 
shape, green and russety color ; and is in use from December till 
February.— H. S. C. n. 609. 

581. GRIDDLETON PIPPIN. 

This is a large angular- shaped apple, of a green color, with a little 
blush towards the sun. It is a baking apple, and keeps till March. — 
Fors. Treat. 105. 

582. GROSSER EDLER PRINZESSINAPFEL. 

Synonyme. — Princesse Noble, ace. Diel. 

Fruit, medium sized, two inches and three quarters broad, and about 
the same in height ; somewhat conical. Skin, tender, covered with a 
bloom when on the tree, and of a pale, waxen, yellowish-green, which 
changes to deep yellow color as it ripens ; covered on the side exposed 
to the sun, with broken stripes of beautiful crimson, and paler stripes 
on the shaded side. Eye, closed, continues long green, set in a moderately 
deep basin, which is surrounded with plaits, and small warts. Stalk, 
very short and stout, sometimes only a fleshy knob, and set in a deep, 
wide, smooth, and funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, 
juicy, and of a very pleasant, strong cinnamon, vinous, and sugary 
flavor. 

A very excellent Dutch apple, of first-rate quality ; it is ripe in 
November, and continues during the winter. 

The tree is a good grower, but does not attain over the middle size, 
and is an early and excellent bearer. — Diel Kemobst. xi 24. 

583. GROSSE RHEINISCHER BOHNAPFEL. 

Fruit, large, three inches broad, and the same in height ; somewhat 
conical. Skin, smooth, tender, greenish-yellow at first, but changing by 



THE APPLE. ITS VAKIETLES. 2d\) 

keeping to clear pale yellow, and on the side exposed to the sun, it is 
marked with pale red stripes, mixed with darker red. Eye, open, set 
in a rather shallow and wide basin. Stalk, short and fleshy, sometimes 
only a fleshy knob, and set in a shallow and russety cavity. Flesh, very 
white, firm, crisp, and juicy, with a somewhat aromatic and sweet flavor, 
without any acid. 

An excellent German culinary apple, ripe in January, and continuing 
in use till July. 

The tree is a strong and good grower, very beautiful, with fine dark 
green, and shining foliage ; it is a good bearer. — Diel Kernobst. i. 220. 

584. HAMPSHIRE NONESUCH. 

This is a pretty large, well-shaped apple, of a greenish-yellow color, 
streaked with red, it keeps till the latter end of November. — Fors. 
Treat. 106. 

585. HAMPSTEAD SWEETING. 

A middle sized cider apple, of ovate shape, and green and yellow 
color.— H. S. C. p. 19. 

586. HAGGERSTON PIPPIN. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish 
shape, green and red color, and is in use from November till April. — 
H. S. C. n. 318. 

587. HARRISON. 

New Jersey is the most celebrated cider making district in America, 
and this apple which originated in Essex county of that state, has long 
enjoyed the highest reputation as a cider fruit. Ten bushels of 
these apples make a barrel of cider. The tree grows thrivingly, 
and bears very large crops. It is of medium size, and ovate shape, 
yellow color, rich flavor, and producing a high colored cider of great 
body. The fruit is very free from rot, falls easily from the tree about 
the first of November, and keeps well. The best cider of this variety, 
is worth from six to ten dollars a barrel, in New- York. — Down. Fr. 
Amer. 145. 

588. HARRISON'S NEWARK. 

A small cider apple, of conical shane, and yellow and red color. — 
H. S. C. p. 19. 

589. HARVEY'S RUSSET. 

A Cornish apple. This is a large russet-colored apple, with a little 
red towards the sun. This is a famous kitchen fruit, and tolerably good 
raw. It has a musky flavor. — Fors, Treat. 106. 



240 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

590. HAY'S EARLY. 

A culinary apple, of medium size, oblate shape, and yellow striped 
with red color, it is ripe in August. — H. S. C. n. 325. 

591. HEDGE APPLE. 

A new fruit of middle sized, and handsome conical shape, red towards 
the sun, and a straw-color on the other side. This apple is of a tolerably 
good flavor, and keeps till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat. 107. 

592. HEREFORDSHIRE MONSTER. 

A small cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow color ; in use in 
December.—//. S. C. p. 19. 

593. HENRY'S WEEPING PIPPIN. 

A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oval shape, 
yellow color, and in use from December till February. — If. S. C. n. 330. 

594. HILL'S SEEDLING. 

A Scotch apple raised in the Carse of Gowrie. It is rather large, 
roundish and flattened, of a pale-green color, with a tinge of red next 
the sun. It is a good early culinary apple, in use from the end of 
August till October. The tree has much of the habit and appearance 
of the Hawthornden, and quite as good a bearer. 

595. HO ARE'S SEEDLING. 

A large culinary apple, of roundish shape, pale green color, with red 
next the sun ; and in use during December and January. — H. S. C. 
n. 335. 

596. HOGSHEAD. 

This is a small red fruit, the flesh is red, and the taste austere. This 
is a cider apple, ripe in January, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 108. 

There seems to be another variety known by this name, which is 
described in the Horticultural Society's Catalogue, as of a greenish- 
yellow color, and ovate shape. 

597. HOLLOW-EYED REINETTE. 

This is a Cornish variety. It is a handsome flat-shaped apple, under 
the middle size ; of a greenish-yellow color, sometimes intermixed with 
russet. This fruit is of an excellent flavor, and keeps till April. — 
Fors. Treat. 107. 

598. HOME'S LARGE. 

A large culinary apple, of roundish shape, and striped with red ; it is 
in use from October till December. — H. S. C. n. 342. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 241 

YJ599. HORSLIN. 

A dessert apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an 
ovate shape, pale yellow color, and is in use during November, and 
December.— IT. S. C. p. 20. 



600. HOUSE. 



oibblm'io liml w 



eblBWO* b9i t 9qBrfi S YNo™.-Grey House. 

A small cider apple, of an oval shape, green on the shaded side, and 
red on the other ; it is in use in January. — IF. S. C. n. 344. 

601. HOW'S PIPPIN. 

A dessert apple, of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an 
oblate shape, skin covered with russet, and in use from October till 
December. — H. S. C. n. 345. 

602. HUBBARDSTON NONESUCH. 

A fine large early winter fruit, which originated in the town of 
Hubbardstone, Massachusetts, and is of first-rate quality. The tree is 
a vigorous grower, forming a handsome branching head, and bears very 
large crops. It is worthy of extensive orchard culture. 

Fruit, large, roundish-oblong, much narrower near the eye. Skin, 
smooth, striped with splashes, and irregular broken stripes of pale, and 
bright red, which nearly cover a yellowish ground. The calyx, open, 
and the stalk short, in a russeted hollow. Flesh, yellow, juicy, and 
tender, with an agreeable mingling of sweetness, and acidity in its flavor. 
October to January. — Down. Fr. Amer. 113. 

603. HULBERT'S PRINCESS ROYAL. 

A seedling from the Golden Harvey, but larger ; flesh more tender, 
and equally rich. It is a small dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; and 
ripe in May. — Riv. Cat. 

604. HULBERT'S VICTORIA. 

A rich and excellent dessert apple, of small size, first-rate quality, 
and in use from April till May. — Riv. Cat. 

605. HUNT'S ROYAL NONPAREIL. 

Of medium size, roundish and somewhat flattened. Skin, yellowish- 
green, marked with russet. Flesh, rich, sugary, and highly flavored. 
This is said to be quite distinct from Hunt's Duke of Gloucester, with 
which Lindley makes it synonymous. — Maund Fruit. 25. 

606. HUNTINGFORD. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of conical shape, and very bright red 
color ; it is in use from January till April. — H. S. C. p. 20. 

R 



242 



607. HUTCHINSON'S SPOTTED. 



A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of an oblate shape ; 
skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; in use during 
November and December. — H. S. C. n. 349. 

608. INCOMPARABLE. 

A large kitchen apple of a roundish and flattened shape, prominently 
ribbed on the sides, skin, greenish-yellow, it is ripe in October. — H. S. C. 
n. 351. 

609. IRON APPLE. 

A small apple of second-rate quality, suitable either for kitchen or 
dessert use, it is of a green and brownish color, and keeps for twelve 
months.— IT. S. C. p. 21. 

610. IVES'S SEEDLING. 

A culinary apple of the middle size, and second-rate quality ; it is of 
a roundish shape, striped with red, and is in use from November till 
January.— H. S. C. p. 21. 

611. JACK CADE. 

A variety met with in some of the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The 
fruit is verv acid, would do for cider, or for giving pungency to tarts. — 
M. a H. & iv. 473. 

612. JACKSON'S PIPPIN. 

Stnonyme. — Middleton Pippin. 

A small early apple, but only of third-rate quality, it is of a roundish- 
oblate shape, yellow color, and is ripe in August. — H. S. (7. p. 21. 

613. JEFFREYS'S SEEDLING. 

A variety raised by Jeffreys, of the Brompton Park nursery, nearly a 
hundred years ago. It is a large kitchen apple, of oblate shape, yellow 
color, and is in use from October till January. — H. S. C. n. 363. 

614. JENNY SINCLAIR. 

A Scotch dessert apple, of medium size, roundish shape, and brownish- 
red color.— H. S. C. p. 21. 

615. JERSEY. 

A small cider apple, of conical shape, red color, and in use during 
November and December. A bitter-sweet. — H. S. C. p. 21. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 243 

616. JOHN APPLE. 

A small cider apple, of first-rate quality, it is pearmain-shaped ; skin, 
greenish-yellow on the shaded side, and brownish-red next the sun ; it 
is in use from December till February. — H. S. C. n. 366. 

617. JONATHAN. 

The Jonathan is a very beautiful dessert apple, and its great beauty, 
good flavor, vigorous growth, and productiveness, unite to recommend it 
to orchard planters. 

Fruit, of medium size ; regularly formed, roundish-ovate or tapering 
to the eye. Skin, thin and smooth, the ground clear light yellow, nearly 
covered by lively red stripes, and deepening into brilliant, or dark red 
in the sun. Stalk, three-fourths of an inch long, rather slender, inserted 
in a deep regular cavity. Calyx, set in a deep, rather broad basin. 
Flesh, white, rarely a little pinkish, very tender and juicy, with a mild 
sprightly flavor. This fruit evidently belongs to the Spitzemburgh class. 
November to March. The original tree is growing on the farm of 
Mr. Philip Rick, of Kingston, New- York. — Down. Fr. Amer. 113. 

618. JORDBAERAEBLE. 

A Danish variety, of medium size, and for dessert use. It is of an 
ovate shape, striped with red, and is ripe during August and September. 
H. S. C. n. 369. 

619. KANTET JORDBAERAEBLE. 

A Danish variety, for kitchen use. It is round, with prominent ribs 
on the sides, and of a red color. — H. S. C. n. 370. 

620. KEDDLESTON PIPPIN. 

A Derbyshire table apple, of middle size, straw-color, slightly russeted, 
of a globular shape, rather pointed towards the eye, it is a highly 
flavored juicy fruit, and has the peculiar property of keeping in perfection 
from October till January. The tree grows well and bears freely. — 
Ron. Pyr. Mai. 26, pi. xiii. f. 7. 

621. KENTISH CODLIN. 

A large kitchen apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a conical shape, 
greenish -yellow color, and is ripe during August and September. — 
H. S. C. n. 157. 

622. KERNEL PEARMAIN. 

This is a small handsome apple, red towards the sun, and of a 
yellowish-green, mixed with red on the other side. It is of a good 
flavor, and keeps till the middle of May. — Fors. Treat. 109. 

R 2 



244 BTUTISH FOMOLOGY, ETC 

C23. KENRICK'S AUTUMN. 

Stnonyme. — Kenrick's Red Autumn. 

A handsome apple, of second quality. Fruit, large, roundish, much 
flattened at the base. Stalk, long, projecting beyond the fruit a good 
deal, set in a close cavity. Skin, pale yellowish-green, striped and 
stained with bright red. Flesh, white, a little stained with red, tender, 
juicy, and of a sprightly acid flavor. September. — Down. Fr. Amer. 87. 

This variety originated on the farm of John Kenrick, Esq., in Newton, 
Massachusetts. 

624. KERNEL RED STREAK. 

This is of a greenish-yellow, with broad streaks of a dark red all 
over it, and a yellow ground finely speckled with red next the sun. — 
Fors. Treat. 109. 

625. KESTON PIPPIN. 

A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of round shape, 
red and yellow color, and in use from October till December. — H. S. C. 
p. 22. 

626. KILKENNY CODLIN. 

A large culinary apple, of first-rate quality. It is of a round shape, 
yellow color, and is ripe during August and September. — H. S. C. n. 159. 

627. KING HARRY. 

A middle sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is pearmain- 
shaped, with a russety skin ; and is in use from November till January. — 
H. S. C. n. 382. 

628. KING ROBERT. 

A Scotch apple, cultivated in some orchards of the Carse of Gowrie, 
but not commonly met with. It is a good bearer. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 

629. KING WILLIAM. 

Raised from Dumelow's Seedling. Large, conical, yellow, dotted with 
russet; a most excellent culinary variety, in use from October till 
April. — Mid. Flor. 

630. KIRKE'S GOLDEN PIPPIN. 

Synonymes. — New Golden Pippin ; New Cluster Golden Pippin ; Dredge's 
Golden Pippin. 

A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, roundish shape, and 
yellow color. It is in use from December till March. A great bearer, 
but inferior in quality to the Golden Pippin. — H. S. C. n. 286. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 245 

631. KIRTON PIPPIN. 

Synontme. — Cracked Pippin. 

This is a middle sized apple, of a greenish-yellow color, with little 
dark spots. The coat is generally rough towards the footstalk. This is 
a good apple for the table, and comes into eating in September. — 
Fors. Treat. 111. 

632. KNIGHT'S LARGE. 

A large culinary apple, of roundish shape, yellow on the shaded side, 
and red next the sun ; it is in use during September and October. — 
H. S. C. n. 387. 

633. KNIGHT'S LEMON PIPPIN. 

A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality, suitable either for culinary 
use, or the dessert. It is of a roundish shape, yellow color, and is in 
use from November till February. — H, S. C. n. 407. 

634. KNOTTED KERNEL. 

A small cider apple of ovate shape, and striped with red ; it is in use 
during October and November. — H. S. C. n. 379. 

635. KNOTTED NORMAN. 

A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, striped with red, and 
in use from December till February. — H. S. C. p. 28. 

636. KONIGS REINETTE. 

Synontme. — Reinette Doree Royale. 

A very beautiful, long-keeping, dessert apple, it is oblate and 
ribbed on the sides, and round the eye like a Calville, and rather above 
medium size, being three inches wide, and two and a half high. The 
skin, when ripe, is of a fine lemon-color, with a fine blood-red cheek on 
one side. The flesh is yellowish- white, very fine, firm, and very juicy, 
with a rich, vinous, and sugary flavor. It ripens in December, and 
continues throughout the summer, without shrivelling. — Diel Kernobst. 
ii. B. 127. 

637. KRAPPE KRUIN. 

A middle sized culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of conical 
shape, and covered with russet ; and is in use from October till March. — 
H. S. C. n. 390. 

638. KRAUTER REINETTE. 

A medium sized, very valuable, and highly flavored German dessert 
apple. It is two inches high, and two and a half broad ; roundish. 



246 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

The skin is tender and smooth, pale bright green when on the tree, but 
changing during winter, to a beautiful rich yellow, with a little green 
intermixed. Eye, half open, set in a wide, deep, saucer-like basin. 
Stalk, an inch long, woody, but sometimes fleshy, inserted in a deep 
cavity, lined with fine russet. Flesh, white, very fine, juicy, marrowy, 
and with a powerful aromatic and sugary flavor. Ripe in December and 
continues in use during the whole of the summer. — Diet Kernobst. 
xi. 114. 

639. KRIZAPFEL. 

A Russian apple, somewhat transparent. It is of medium size, second- 
rate quality, and suitable for the dessert ; its form is conical, the skin, 
pale green, and is in use during December. — H. S. C. n. 391. 

640. LADIES' SWEETING. 

The Ladies' Sweeting, we consider the finest winter sweet apple for the 
dessert, yet known or cultivated in this country (America.) Its handsome 
appearance, delightful perfume, sprightly flavor, and the long time in 
which it remains in perfection, render it universally admired wherever 
it is known, and no garden should be without it. 

The fruit is large, roundish-ovate. Skin, very smooth, covered with 
red next the sun, but pale yellowish-green in the shade, with broken 
stripes of pale red. Flesh, greenish-white, exceeding tender, juicy, and 
crisp, with a delicious, sprightly, agreeably perfumed flavor. Keeps 
without shrivelling, or losing its flavor till May. — Down. Fr. Amer. 136. 

641. LADY LENNOX. 

Large and handsome, lemon -colored, pale red next the sun, and 
striped with deeper red. An excellent culinary apple, in use from 
November till April. It was raised from the Rymer, and is a favorite 
variety in the neighbourhood of Nottingham. — Mid. Flor. 

642. LADY LOUISA PIPPIN. 

A small apple, of inferior quality, oblate shape, and pale yellow color, 
it is in use during December. — H. S. C. p. 23. 

643. LADY OF THE WEMYSS. 

A large and handsome Scotch apple, of first-rate quality, suitable 
either for culinary or dessert use, it is of a roundish shape, pale green 
on the shaded side, but red next the sun ; and is in use from October 
till January. The tree is hardy, and a good bearer. — Laws. Cat. 

644. LANCASHIRE GAP. 

Synonyme. — Shireling. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of oblate shape, yellow color, and 
in use from November till February. — H. S. C. n. 393. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAKIETIES. 247 

645. LANCASHIRE WITCH. 

A handsome culinary apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ; 
it is of an oblate shape, yellow on the shaded side, but red towards the 
sun ; and is in season from October to December. — H. S. C. n. 394. 

646. DE LANDE. 

Synonyme — Fleur de Prairial. 

A large culinary apple of oblong shape, striped with red, and in use 
during September and October. — H. S. C. n. 395. 

647. LARGE LEADINGTON. 

A large kitchen apple, of oblong shape, and green color. — H. S. C. 
n. 402. 

648. LAWMAN'S. 

A medium sized dessert apple of second-rate quality, it is of an ovate 
shape, yellow color, with brownish-red towards the sun ; and is in use 
from March till June.— H. S. C. n. 399. 

649. LAWRENCE'S NEW WHITE PIPPIN. 

A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, conical shape, pale 
green color, and in use from December till February. — H. S. C. p. 23. 

650. LEITHEIMER STREIFLING. 

Synonyms.— Kaiserheimer. 

Fruit, large, three inches high, and the same broad ; somewhat coni- 
cal. Skin, shining, bright green, which changes when ripening to 
deep lemon-yellow, covered all over with shining carmine, which is 
darker on the side next the sun, and paler on the shaded side ; on this 
red there are beautiful crimson stripes, which are dazzling to the eyes. 
Eye, closed, set in a wide, deep, and much ribbed basin. Stalk, three 
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a narrow, deep, and russety cavity. 
Flesh, beautiful white, somewhat redish, very fine, but not juicy, and of 
a rich, aromatic, sweet, and vinous flavor. Ripe in December and 
continues during the spring and summer. — Diel Kernobst. viii. 186. 

651. LEMON APPLE. 

A medium sized, second-rate dessert apple, it is of roundish shape, 
yellow color, and is in use during December and January. — H. S. C. p. 23. 
This is not the same as the Lemon Pippin. — H. 

652. LEYDEN PIPPIN. 

A good early dessert apple, of medium size, and first-rate quality, 
resembling the White Astrachan. It is of a roundish-shape ; skin, pale 



248 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC 



green, with red towards the sun ; ripe during August and September* 
The tree is a great bearer. — H. S. C. n. 408. 

653. LITTLE BEAUTY. 

This is a small table apple, spherical, a little flattened ; yellow with 
a brownish tinge on the sun side, and sprinkled with dark points, it is 
of a rich flavor, but rather dry. The tree grows upright, and bears so 
abundantly, as sometimes to cause barrenness the succeeding season. 

The fruit has the peculiar good quality of adhering so firmly to the 
branches, that the wind scarcely ever dislodges it. It will keep through 
the winter, and is well worth cultivating. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 25, pi. 
xiii. f. 5. 



654. LITTLE HERBERT. 

A variety cultivated in the districts round Gloucester, it is a small, 
round apple, of a brown russety color, and though not of a first-rate 
quality, is a good flavored dessert fruit. The tree is a shy bearer. In 
use from December till February. — H. 

655. LITTLE HOLLOW CROWN. 

Synonyme. — Diepe Kopjis. 

A small apple, of second-rate quality, oval shape, yellow color, and in 
use during November and December. — H. S. C. p. 23. 

656. LOCK'S SEEDLING. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an ovate 
shape, striped with red, and in use during December and January. — 
H.& C.p. 23. 

657. LONG LASTER. 

This is a middle sized apple, of an angular shape, and fine yellow 
color, with a beautiful red next the sun. It is of a tolerable flavor, and 
keeps till the middle of May, but is apt to be meally. — Fors. Treat. 1 12. 

658. LONG SEAM. 

This is a large angular-shaped baking apple, of a pretty good flavor, 
and light green color ; it keeps till the latter end of January — Fors. 
Treat. 113. 

L ■ 659. LORD BATEMAN'S DUMPLING, 

A large kitchen apple, of conical shape, yellow color, and in use from 
November till January. — H. S. C. n. 412. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 249 

660. LORD CHENEY'S GREEN. 

This is a middle sized Yorkshire apple, resembling the Yorkshire 
Greening ; it is of a dark green color, with a little of a chocolate color 
next the sun. This is a baking apple, and keeps till the middle of 
May.— Fors. Treat. 113. 

661. LUCAS'S PIPPIN. 

This is a handsome, middle sized, cylindrical-shaped apple ; and of a 
beautiful orange color. A pretty good fruit, and keeps till the latter 
end of April. — Fors. Treat. 113. 

662. MACBETH. 

A Scotch variety found in the Carse of Gowrie orchards, but rare. 
The tree is a good bearer. — M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 

663. MACLEAN. 

A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The tree gets 
diseased when old, requires to be planted in ground new to fruit trees ; 
fruit keeps well, of excellent quality, and weighs exceedingly heavy. — 
M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 

664. MACLEAN'S FAVORITE. 

A variety of the highest excellence as a dessert fruit, it is of medium 
size, and roundish shape ; skin, of a yellow color ; and in use from 
October till January. — H. S. C. n. 419. 

665. MAGGIE DUNCAN. 

A Scotch apple, grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. Tree 
an excellent bearer ; a valuable orchard apple, though not commonly 
cultivated ; fruit, very sweet. — M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 

666. MAIDEN. 

A Scotch apple, raised by Mr. Brown, of the Perth nursery. Tree, 
an excellent bearer ; fruit, very acid ; but one of the best kitchen 
apples that grows, does not keep well. — M. C. If. S. iv. 474. 

667. MALTSTER. 

A Nottinghamshire apple, for kitchen use. It is a very fine variety, 
and is in use just before the late-keeping kinds. The tree is a great 
bearer, and a free grower. — Mid. Flor. 

668. MANSFIELD TART. 

This is a large Nottingham apple, but most known in Yorkshire. It 
is handsome, and of a green color, having a little cast of a brownish-red 



250 

with dark spots next the sun. A baking apple and keeps till February. 
Fors. Treat. 114. 

669. MARGATE NONPAREIL. 

This very much resembles the Nonpareil in size, in shape, and even 
in color, except that the yellow predominates over the green, more than 
in the Nonpareil. The flesh is yellowish, intermixed with green, juicy, 
rich, and high flavored. It will keep six weeks in perfection,- and is an 
excellent intermediate fruit, between the summer and winter Nonpareils. 
It was raised by John Boys, Esq., in his garden, at Margate, from seed 
of the Old Nonpareil.-— Hort. Trans, v. 268. 

670. MARMORIRTER SOMMERPEPPING. 

A medium sized, ovate, culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is 
red and striped, and is ripe in September. — H. S. C. n. 430. 

671. MARYGOLD PIPPIN. 

A medium sized apple of inferior quality, it is of an ovate shape, 
yellow color, and in use during October and November. — H. S. C. p. 25. 

672. MASTERS'S SEEDLING. 

A good Kentish apple, in use from November till February. The 
fruit is above the middle size, and of a regular round shape ; color dark 
green, tinged with red on one side, but yellow when ripe, the pulp is 
very firm, and charged with a fine, agreeable, acid juice. The tree is of 
robust growth, hardy, and not liable to blight, and well deserves the 
character of being a first-rate bearer, of the first class in the orchard. — 
Rog. Fr. Cult. 52. 

673. MASON'S WHITE. 

Stnontme. — Mason's Early. 

A medium sized early dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a 
conical shape, pale yellow color, and is ripe during August — If. S. C. 
n. 432. 

674. MASSAVIS. 

Stnonyme. — Pomme d'ltalie. 

A small cider apple, of ovate shape, and green color, with brown 
towards the sun, the tree is a good bearer. — H. S. C. n. 433. 

675. MAY GENNET. 

This is rather under the middle size, of a greenish-yellow color, 
slightly streaked with red next the sun. This apple keeps till April. — 
Fors. Treat. 114. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 251 

676. MENONISTEN RELNETTE. 

A very beautiful, and important German dessert apple ; it is above the 
middle size, and of a roundish flattened shape, the skin is yellow, with 
a dark flush on the side next the sun, and considerably marked with 
russet. The flesh is very fine, firm, and juicy, and of a very good 
aromatic, and vinous flavor. Ripe in December and continues during 
the spring. — Diel Kernobst. x. 169. 

677. MERMAID. 

A Scotch apple, cultivated in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie, but 
is not common. The fruit keeps well, and is of good quality. — 
M. C. H. S. iv, 474. 

678. MERVEILLE DE PORTLAND. 

A medium sized culinary apple of inferior quality, it is of a conical 
shape, yellow color, and in use from January till April. — H. S. C. p. 25. 

679. MICHAEL HENRY PIPPIN. 

A New Jersey fruit, a native of Monmouth county, first described by 
Coxe, and highly esteemed in many parts of the middle states of 
America. It is of medium size, roundish-oblong, or ovate, somewhat 
like the Newtown Pippin. Skin, of a lively green color. Flesh, yellow, 
tender, juicy, and high flavored ; In use from November till March. — 
Down. Fr. Amer. 118. 

680. DE MICHE. 

A small cider apple, of ovate shape, yellow color, and ripe in 
December.— #. S. C. p. 25. 

681. MILLER'S GLORY. 

A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an 
ovate shape, striped with red, and in use during December and 
January.— IT. S. C. n. 438. 

682. MOGG'S LONG KEEPER. 

A middle sized cider apple, of an oblate shape, striped with red, and 
in use from January till March. — H. S. C. p. 24. 

683. MOLLET'S GUERNSEY PIPPIN. 

This is a small dessert fruit, of second-rate quality, resembling the 
Golden Harvey. It is of an oblate shape, yellow color ; the flesh is 
yellow, crisp, juicy, and very highly flavored ; in use from December 
till February. — Hort. Trans, iv. 524. 



252 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

684. MOORHEN PIPPIN. 

A dessert apple, in high estimation in Hampshire. It is of middle 
size, pea-green color, varigated with scarlet blotching, and some russet ; 
firm in substance, and rich in flavor, keeps well till April. A great 
bearer, and grows well. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 64, pi. xxxii. f. 7. 

685. MONSTROUS LEADINGTON. 

Synonyme. — Green Codlin. 

This is a very large fruit, and of first-rate quality for kitchen use, 
its shape is oblong, and the color green ; it is in use from October till 
January. The tree is a good bearer, healthy, and rather large ; fruit 
keeps well.— H. S. C. n. 403. 

686. MONSTROUS RENNET. 

This is a very large apple, of an oblong shape, turning red towards 
the sun, and of a dark green on the other side. It is generally preserved 
on account of its magnitude, as the flesh is apt to be meally. It ripens 
in October. — Fors. Treat. 115. 

687. MORDEN BLOOM. 

A medium sized kitchen apple of inferior quality, it is of an oblate 
shape, yellow and red color, and ripens during August and September. — 
H. S. C. p. 25. 

688. MORDEN ROUND. 

A small dessert apple of third-rate quality, it is round and handsome, 
of a yellow color, and russeted, keeps from December till March. — 
H. S. C. n. 445. 



689. MORDEN STRIPED. 

A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, it is of a 
roundish shape, striped with red, and in use from November till 
January.— .ff. S. C. n. 446. 

690. MOSS'S INCOMPARABLE. 

A large apple of first-rate quality, either as a dessert or culinary fruit. 
It is a very late keeper, being in use from April till June. — Riv. Cat. 

691. MOTHER APPLE. 

A small cider apple of ovate shape, yellow color, and in use in 
December. A bitter sweet. — H. S. C. n. 448. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 253 

692. MOTHER RENNET. 

This is rather under the middle size, of a greenish color, with a 
little blush towards the sun, the eye is large and deep, and the footstalk 
is small. — Fors. Treat. 115. 

693. MOUNT STEWART. 

A large kitchen apple, of oblate shape, green on one side, and red 
on the other, and in use from November till January. — H. S. C. p. 26. 

694. MOULIN A VENT. 

A medium sized cider apple, of ovate shape, yellow color, and in use 
during December. — H. S. C. n. 449. 

695. MOUSE APPLE. 

An American variety which originated in Ulster county, on the west 
bank of the Hudson. It is there one of the most popular winter fruits, 
being considered by some superior to the Rhode Island Greening, and 
it deserves extensive trial elsewhere. 

Fruit, light in weight ; in size large ; roundish-oblong, or slightly 
conical. Skin, pale greenish-yellow when ripe, with a brownish blush 
on one side, marked with a few russety grey dots. Stalk, three quarters 
of an inch long, rather slender, not deeply inserted. Calyx, closed, 
and set in a narrow basin, slightly plaited at the bottom. Flesh, very 
white, and fine-grained, and moderately juicy, with a sprightly, delicate, 
and faintly perfumed flavor. — Down Fr. Amer. 117. « 

696. MOXHAY PIPPIN. 

A small apple of inferior quality, it is of a conical shape, pale yellow 
color, and is ripe in October. — H. S. C. p. 26. 

697. MUNSTER PIPPIN. 

A large kitchen apple, it is of a conical shape, pale green color, and 
in use from October till January. — H. S. C. p. 26. 

698. MURPHY. 

This is an agreeable, pearmain-flavored apple, strongly resembling 
indeed the Blue Pearmain. It is a seedling raised by Mr. D. Murphy, 
of Salem, Massachusetts. Fruit, pretty large, roundish-oblong. Skin, 
pale red, streaked with darker red, and marked with blotches of the 
same color. Calyx, set in a narrow basin. Flesh, white, tender, with 
an agreeable, rather rich flavor. November to February. — Down. Fr. 
Amer. 118. 

699. MUSCAT REINETTE. 

Synonyme. — Reinette Musquee. 
This is a middle sized, exquisite, and valuable German dessert apple. 



254 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

It is of a somewhat conical shape. The skin is of a beautiful yellow 
color, covered over two thirds of its surface with dark crimson stripes. 
The flesh is yellowish-white, juicy, and of an exquisite, rich, aromatic, 
and sugary flavor, like a mixture of musk, and anise. Ripens in 
November, and keeps till the summer. — Diel Kernobst. iii. 169. 

700. MY JOE JANET. 

A Scotch apple, cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The 
tree is a good bearer; and the fruit of fine quality. — M. C. H. S. 
iv. 473. 

701. NEWARK KING. 

This is an American dessert apple, of the middle size, and second-rate 
quality. It is of a pearmain-shape, green color on the shaded side, 
and red towards the sun ; it is in use from November till February. — 
H. S. C. n. 455 

702. NEWARK PIPPIN. 

Stnontmes. — French Pippin ; Yellow Pippin, of the Americans. 

A handsome and very excellent early winter variety, easily known 
by the crooked, irregular growth of the tree, and the drooping habit 
of the branches. 

The fruit is large, roundish-oblong. Skin, greenish-yellow, becoming 
.a fine yellow when fully ripe, with clusters of small black dots, and 
rarely a very faint blush. Calyx, in a regular and rather deep basin. 
Stalk, moderately long, and deeply inserted. Flesh, yellow, tender, 
very rich, juicy, and highly flavored. November to February. — Down. 
Fr. Amer. 121. 

703. NEW ENGLAND PIPPIN. 

A large angular- shaped apple, of a green color, with a little brownish- 
red towards the sun. It has a pretty good flavor, and keeps till 
March. — Fors. Treat. 115. 



704. NEW HAWTHORNDEN. 

A large culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; in use during December 
and January. The fruit is larger, and keeps longer than the old sort, 
habit of the tree more robust. — Riv. Cat. 



705. NEW NORTHERN GREENING. 

A round green apple, of the largest size, said to be a decided improve- 
ment on the Northern Greening, from which it was raised. It is in use 
from November till April. Cultivated about Nottingham. Tree a great 
bearer. — Mid. Flor. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 255 



706. NEW POMEROY. 



A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an 
ovate shape, covered with russet, and in use during November and 
December.-— #". S. C. n. 591. 



707. NEW REINETTE GRISE. 

A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is of an oblate shape ; 
skin yellow, covered with russet ; in use from January till March. 
Tree a good bearer.— H. S. C. n. 668. 

708. NEW WOODCOCK. 

A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, striped with red, and 
in use during December and January. — H. S. C. n. 882. 

709. NINE PARTNER'S LITTLE RUSSET. 

A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is of an oval shape, 
green color covered with russet, in use from January till May. — 
H. S. C. n. 745. 

710. NINE SQUARE. 

A Gloucestershire apple. This is a large angular-shaped fruit, of a 
fine red towards the sun, and yellow on the other side, with a mixture 
of red. Keeps till April. — Fors. Treat. 116. 

711. NOBLESSE DE GAND. 

A large sauce apple, straw-colored, without stripes, nearly globular, 
but contracted towards the eye. It is a firm weighty fruit, rich in 
flavor, with a due proportion of acid. A very excellent new sort, in use 
January and February. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 49, pi. xxv. f. 2. 

712. NONSUCH PARK. 

A small dessert apple, resembling the Golden Pippin, and of first- 
rate quality, it is of a roundish shape, yellow color, and is in use from 
November till February. — H, S. C. n. 494. 

713. NORMAN GLASBURY. 
A small, ovate, pale yellow apple, for cider use. — H. S. C. n. 270. 

714. NORMAN STYRE. 

A small cider apple, of a round shape, pale yellow and red color, and 
in use from October till December. — H. S. C. p. 28. 



715. NORMANDY PIPPIN. 

A medium sized cider apple, of a roundish shape, the skin is yellow 
on the shaded side, and brownish-red next the sun. — H. S. C. p. 28. 

716. NORTHERN SPY. 

A very large, handsome, and excellent new American fruit, of the 
Spitzemburgh family, which has lately attracted a good deal of notice. 
It keeps remarkably well, and is in eating from December till May, and 
commands the highest price. The tree is of a rapid and upright growth, 
and bears well. It is of a conical shape, and the skin is nearly covered 
with dark red, and streaked with purple. — Down. Fr. Amer. 120. 



717. NOTTINGHAM. 

A medium sized kitchen apple of second-rate quality ; it is of an 
ovate shape, yellow color, and in use from November till January. — 
H. S. C. p. 28. 

718. OAK PEG. 

Synontme. — Oaken Pin. 

This is an oval shaped, middle sized fruit, of a green color, striped 
with white. It is very full towards the footstalk, which is small; it 
keeps till June. — Fors. Treat 118. 

719. OAKS. 

A medium sized conical apple, of inferior quality ; it is striped with 
red, and is in use from November till February. — H. S. C. p. 28. 

720. OCHILTREE. 

A large and handsome Scotch dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it 
is roundish, pale green and red color. It is in use from September till 
March. — Laws. Cat. 



721. OGNON. 

A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, oblate shape, green 
and red color ; in use during January. — H. S. C. n. 503. 

722. OLD PARK PIPPIN. 

A small ovate apple, of inferior quality, of a green and red color, in 
use from November till January../?". S. C. p. 28. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 257 

723. OLIVER'S. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an 
oblate shape, yellow color, covered with russet, and in use from December 
till February.— H. S .C. n. 504. 

724. ORANGE. 

A middle sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an 
oblate shape, yellow color, and in use during October. — H ,S . C. p. 28. 

725. ORACK ELMA. 

A Persian apple. It is a large dessert fruit, of second-rate quality, of 
an oblate shape, red color, and in use during October. — H. S. C. n. 505. 

726. ORME. 

A middle sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an 
oblate shape, pale green color, and in use from February till April. — 
H. S. C. n. 508. 

727. PACK-HORSE. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish 
>e; skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; in use 
from November till March.— H. S. C. n. 515. 

728. PAINTED LADY. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a 
roundish shape, striped with red, and in use during October and 
November. — IT. S. C. p. 29. 

729. PANSON'S PEARMAIN. 

A medium sized apple of second-rate quality ; suitable either for 
dessert use or for cider. It is of a pearmain shape, green on the shaded 
side, red next the sun, and in use from December till March. — H. S. C. 
n. 553. 

730. PARMENTIER. 

A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality, suitable either for dessert 
use, or culinary purposes. It is of a conical shape, and the skin is 
covered with russet, it is in season from November till April.— H. S. C. 
n. 523. 

731. PARSONAGE FIPPIN. 

A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oblate shape, 
the skin is striped with red, and it is in season during November. — 
H. S. C. p. 29. 



258 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

732. PEAR APPLE. 

A small cider apple, of inferior quality ; it is of an obovate shape ; 
skin, green, and in use in November. — H. S. C. n. 528. 

733. PEARMAIN, BLUE. 

The Blue Pearmain is a large and very showy fruit, and is therefore 
popular in the New-England markets. The numerous large, russety, 
yellow dots, which are sprinkled over the skin, and the bloom which 
overspreads it, mark this apple. 

Fruit, of the largest size, roundish, regularly formed, very slightly 
conical. Skin, striped, and blotched with dark purplish-red, over a dull 
ground, and appearing bluish from the white bloom. Flesh, yellowish, 
mild, rather rich and good. October to February. — Down. Fr. Amer. 
122. 

734. PECKMAN OR PICKMAN. 

A fruit of a globular form, and a straw color ; its flavor combined 
with a good portion of acidity, is very rich and good. A winter fruit, 
fine for the table, or for cooking. A good fruit, and very productive, 
and deserving of cultivation. 

This is much cultivated by Mr. Ware, at, or near Salem, Massachusetts, 
who thinks it a native. — Ken. Amer. Or. 50. 

735. PENNOCK'S RED WINTER. 

Stnonymes. — Pennock's Large Red Winter ; Pennock's Red. 

A large kitchen apple, of an oblate shape. Skin, green on the shaded 
side, and red next the sun. It is in use from November till March, and 
not apt to shrivel. — H. S. C. n. 570. 

This is a native of Pennsylvania, and is there esteemed an excellent 
baking apple. 

736. PEPIN STEUCHAL. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is of an ovate 
shape, the skin striped with red, and in use from November till 
January.— #". S. C. n. 578. 

737. PERMANENT. 

A large and excellent variety, roundish and ribbed, yellowish-green, 
with dingy red next the sun. A good keeper, in use from January till 
June. This was raised from the Keswick Codlin, impregnated with 
Dumelow's Seedling. It is cultivated about Nottingham — Mid. Flor. 

738. PETWORTH SEEDLING. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a 
roundish shape. Skin, green, covered with brownish-red j in use from 
November till January. — H. S. C. n. 580. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 259 

739. PITMASTON NONPAREIL RUSSET. 

Stnonyme. — Russet Coated NonparieL 

A small dessert apple of first-rate quality. It is of an oblate shape. 
Skin, covered with russet ; in use from December till February. Not 
handsome, but exceedingly rich, and brisk flavored. — H. S. C. p. 39. 

740. PITMINSTER CRAB. 

A small cider apple, of inferior quality, it is of an ovate shape. 
Skin, striped with red, and is in use from November till December.— 
H. S. C. p. 32. 

741. POMME POIRE. 

A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, but not so good as the 
Old Nonpareil, which it resembles. It is of a roundish shape. Skin, 
covered with russet, and in use from January till May. — H. S. C. n. 589. 

742. POOR MAN'S PROFIT. 

This is a dingy colored, oval-shaped apple, below the middle size. 
It is raised freely from cuttings, and keeps till January. — Fors. 
Treat 121. 



743. PORTE TULIPEE. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an 
oblate shape, yellow and brown color, and ripe in November. — H. S. C* 
n. 595, 

744. PORTER. 

A first-rate New England fruit, raised by the Rev. S. Porter, of 
Sherburne, Mass. and deservedly a great favorite in the Boston market. 
The fruit is remarkably fair, and the tree is very productive. It is 
rather large, oblong, narrowing to the eye. Skin, clear, glossy, bright 
yellow, and when exposed, with a dull blush next the sun. Flesh, fine- 
grained, and abounding with juice, of a sprightly agreeable flavor. 
Ripens in September, and deserves general cultivation. — Down. Fr. 
Amer. 92. 

745. POUND. 

A very large and showy fruit, but of very indifferent quality ; and 
not worth cultivation, where better sorts are to be had. 

The fruit is roundish-oblong, striped with red, on a dull greenish- 
yellow ground. The stalk short, and deeply inserted. The flesh, 
yellowish-green, and without much flavor. October to January. — 
Down. Fr. Amer. 127. 

S % 



260 

746. POUND PIPPIN. 

This is a large handsome apple, of a greenish color, and is good for 
baking. It is ripe in January. — Fors. Treat. 121. 

747. POWNAL SPITZEMBERG. 

So named from its native place, and its resemblance to the Esopus 
Spitzemberg. It is a very superior winter fruit. — Ken. Amer. Or. 51. 
This is an American variety. — If. 

748. PRIESTLEY. 

Stnontme. — Priestley's American. 

A large spicy-flavored apple, of second-rate quality, suitable either 
for kitchen or dessert use. It is of a roundish-oblong shape, yellow and 
red color, and in use from December till April. — Down. Fr. Amer. 126. 

749. PRINCE ROYAL. 

A medium sized apple, of inferior quality ; oblate shape, and striped 
with red, it is in use from December till January — H. S. C. p. 32. 

750. PRYOR'S RED. 

A native of Virginia. The fruit is very large ; color, brownish-red ; 
its flesh at maturity, juicy, and very fine. A winter fruit. — Ken. 
Amer. Or. 59. 

751. QUATFORD AROMATIC. 

A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, with a rich aromatic flavor, 
It is ripe in December. — Eiv. Cat. 

752. QUEEN CHARLOTTE. 

Stnontme. — Queen ; Boatswain's Pippin. 

A large sort of Crab, of inferior quality ; it is of a conical shape, 
green on one side, and red on the other. — H. S. C. n. 605. 

753. RAMBOUR. 

Stnontme— Rambour Franc d'Hiver. 

A large oblate culinary apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a green 
color on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; in use from October 
till January.— IT. S. C. n. 614. 



THE APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 261 

754. RANGE. 

A kitchen apple of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an 
oblate shape, red color, and in use from November till February. — 
H. S. C. n. 616. 

755. RATHER RIPE. 

This is a small summer apple, it is roundish, and flattened, of a 
yellow color, and second-rate quality as a dessert fruit, and is ripe in 
August.— H. S. C. n. 620. 

756. RAWLE'S JANETT. 

A native of Virginia. The form is globular, flattened at the summit 
and base ; the color red and green ; flesh very fragrant, more juicy, and 
of superior flavor to the Newtown Pippin, and keeps equally as well. — 
Ken. Amer. Or. 59. 

757. RED AISLE. 

A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie ; it is a rare sort ; an 
inferior bearer, but pretty. — M. C. H. & iv. 473. 

758. RED BAG. 

This is a beautiful large Herefordshire apple, of a longish shape, 
streaked all over with a dark red ; and is in eating about the middle of 
October.— Fors. Treat. 123. 

759. RED COAT. 

A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie. It is not a common 
sort, and is very pretty. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 

760. RED FULWOOD. 

A large, spreading, graceful tree, full of leaf and vigor, the giant of 
the Carse of Gowrie orchards ; bears very great loads of fruit every 
second year ; fruit beautiful. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 

761. RED LANGLAST. 

A variety grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The tree 
is a great bearer, middle sized ; good quality of fruit. — M. C. H. S. 
iv. 473. 

762. RED NORMAN. 

A large and first-rate cider apple, it is of an ovate shape, yellow on 
the shaded side, and brownish-red next the sun ; in use in November. 
A bitter-sweet.— H. S. C. n. 496. 



262 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

763. RED SWEET PIPPIN. 

An American apple, of medium size, and second-rate quality ; it is 
of an oblate shape, red color, and in use from November till February. — 
H. S. C. p. 34. 

764. RED WINE. 

A Scotch apple. Tree a good bearer, middle sized, becomes much 
knotted when old, and rather unhealthy ; a very valuable market 
apple.— M. C. H. S. iv. 471. 

765. REDDING'S NONPAREIL. 

This is a small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, abounding in a 
brisk flavor. It is roundish, the skin green, but very much covered with 
russet ; and is in use from December till March. — H. S. C. n. 479. 

766. REINETTE BAUMANN. 

A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; of an oblate shape, and 
red color ; it is in use from December till March, and is not apt to 
shrivel.— H. S. C. p. 34. 

767. REINETTE BLANCHE. 

A medium sized French dessert apple. It is roundish, inclining to 
oblong. The skin very smooth, and when ripe, of a fine clear yellow, 
with sometimes a faint blush of red, on the side next the sun. The 
flesh is white, tender, and highly perfumed, very juicy and well flavored. 
In use from December till March. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 295. 

768. REINETTE CALVILLEE. 

A middle sized valuable dessert fruit, inclining to oblong. The skin 
is smooth, of a fine shining gold color when ripe, and with three or 
four broad stripes of dull red, only on the part exposed to the sun. 
Flesh, yellowish, tender, very fine, juicy, with a strong perfume, and 
a flavor like that of Calville Blanche d'Hiver. It ripens in the end of 
November and keeps three or four months. — Diel Kernobst. i. 130. 

769. REINETTE DE CLAREVAL. 

A medium sized, beautiful, and excellent French dessert apple, it is 
oblate and roundish. The skin is smooth, tender, and of a fine deep 
lemon color, and rarely with a tinge of red on the side next the sun. 
Flesh, very fine, white, and yellowish, firm, juicy, and of an aromatic, 
vinous, and sugary flavor. Ripens in December, and keeps throughout 
the spring. — Diel Kernobst. xii. 111. 



THE APPLE. — ITS VARIETIES. 263 

770. REINETTE DOREE. 

Synonyme. — Reinette Jaune Tardive. 

A medium sized regularly formed apple, of a roundish and flattened 
shape. Skin, smooth, of a beautiful deep golden yellow color, dotted with 
grey dots, and with just a sufficient tinge of red next the sun, as to 
heighten the color of the yellow. The flesh is white, firm, fine, and 
fragrant ; very juicy, sugary, and rich. It ripens in December, and 
keeps during the spring. — Duh. Arb. Fruit, i. 293. 

771. REINETTE DE DOUE. 

A large culinary apple, of first-rate quality ; in use from January till 
May.— Riv. Cat. 

772. REINETTE GRISE D'ANGLETERRE PETITE. 

A small dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape, 
and the skin covered with russet; in season from November till January. — 
M. S. C. n. 664. 

773. REINETTE GRISE DOREE. 

A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it resembles the Golden 
Pippin, but keeps much longer. — Riv. Cat. 

774. REINETTE GRISE DE GRANVILLE. 

A dessert apple of second size, and second-rate quality ; it is of an 
oblate shape, skin yellow, and much covered with russet ; in use from 
December till February.— H. S. C. n. 667. 

775. REINETTE GRISE DE HOLLANDE. 

Synonymes. — Reinette de Havre ; Reinette de Hongrie. 

A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish 
shape, skin very thickly coated with russet ; and in use from November 
till March.— H. S. C. p. 36. 

776. REINETTE GROSSE D'ANGLETERRE. 

Synonyme. — Pomme Madame. 

A very large apple, suitable either for culinary purposes or the dessert, 
but of only second-rate quality. It is of a roundish shape, skin striped 
with red, and in use from December till February. It is nearly as large 
as the Reinette de Canada, but of less merit. — H. S. C. n. 670. 

777. REINETTE JAUNE HATIVE. 

Synonymes. — Drap d'Or, of some. Reinette Grise d'Automne, of some. Reinette 
Marbree, of some. Citron des Carmes. 



264 

A small, and second-rate dessert apple. It is of a roundish shape, 

yellow color, covered with russet, and in use during November. — • 
H. S. C. n. 672. 



778. REINETTE DE LAAK. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; roundish, 
inclining to conical ; skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red next the 
sun ; ripe in September. Tree a good bearer. — H. S. C. n. 678. 

779. REINETTE MICHAUX. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an 
oblate shape, yellow color, and in use during December. — H. S. C. n. 680. 



780. REINETTE NAINE. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a coni- 
cal shape, skin, yellowish-green ; in use from November till February, 
The tree is a dwarf.— IT. S. C. n. 682. 



781. REINETTE DU NORD. 

A second-rate dessert apple, of middle size, oval shape, and yellow 
color. Will keep two years. — H. S. C. n. 683. 



782. REINETTE D'ORLEANS. 

A pretty large, and very beautiful dessert fruit, of the first quality ; 
varying from roundish to oblong. Skin, of a fine deep yellow color, 
with sometimes a few stripes of crimson, on the side exposed to the sun. 
Flesh, yellowish, very fine, and juicy, marrowy, and of a high sugary 
flavor, which is somewhat like that of a mixture of lemon acid. It 
ripens in December, and continues in use during the whole of the 
winter and spring. — Diel Kernobst. iii. 226. 

783. REINETTE PICTEE. 

A medium sized kitchen apple, of third-rate quality, roundish shape, 
and russety ; in use during October. — H. S. C. n. 687. 

784. REINETTE QUITTEN. 

Stnonyme. — Quince Eeinette. 

A medium sized apple, shaped like a quince. It is of an obvate 
shape, skin yellow ; a culinary fruit of second-rate quality ; in use from 
October till February.— H. S. C. n. 690. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 265 

785. REINETTE TRUITE. 

Stnontmb. — Reinette Tachetee ; Forellen Reinette. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a 
roundish shape. Skin, yellow, on the shaded side, with red and 
shining crimson next the sun ; in use during November and December, 
sugary, but not very juicy. — H. S.C. n. 695. 

786. REINETTE TRES TARDIVE. 

A large apple of first-rate quality, suitable either for the dessert or 
kitchen use ; it is in use from January till June. — Riv. Cat. 

787. REINETTE DE VIGAN. 

A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality ; suitable either for dessert 
or kitchen use ; it is in use in May. — Riv. Cat. 

788. RIGBY'S PIPPIN. 

A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish 
shape, pale yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; and in use 
from December till February. — H. S. C. n. 709. 

789. RIVAL. 

A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. It is of excellent 
quality, keeps well, and the tree is a good bearer. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 

790. ROB ROY. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a 
roundish shape, yellowish-green color, on the shaded side, and red next 
the sun ; in use from December till February. — H. S. C. n. 712. 

791. RODMERSHAM PIPPIN. 

A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a 
roundish shape ; yellow on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; in 
use from October till December. — H. S. C. p. 38. 

792. ROMAINE. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish 
shape, yellow color ; and in use in September. — H. S. C. n. 715. 

793. ROMAN STEM. 

This is not generally known out of New Jersey. It originated at 
Burlington, in that State, and is much esteemed in that neighbourhood. 



266 BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

In flavor it belongs to the class of sprightly, pleasant apples, and some- 
what resembles the Yellow Bellefleur. Tree very productive. — 
Down. Fr. Amer. 131. 

It is a small dessert apple, of second-rate quality in this country. — H. 

794. ROMRIL. 

A medium sized apple of first-rate quality, either for cider or kitchen 
use. It is of an oblate shape, pale yellow color, and in use from 
November till February. The tree is a great bearer. — H. S. C. n. 717. 

795. ROSALIND. 

A very old variety, known to exist in the Carse of Gowrie, but it is 
very rare.— if. C. H. S. iv. 473. 

796. ROSE APPLE. 

A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. It is a valuable 
variety, and the tree is a good bearer. — M. C. H. S» iv. 473. 

797. ROSTOCKER. 

Synonymes.— Stetting Rouge ; Rothe Stettiner ; Kothe Herrnapfel ; Annaberger ; 
Berliner Glasapfel ; Matapfel ; Bodickheimer ; Zweibelapfel. 

A large and favorite German apple, of first-rate quality, for culinary 
purposes, and very much resembling our Norfolk Beefing. It is oblate 
in shape, and ribbed ; the skin pale green, and yellowish on the shaded 
side ; but on the side next the sun, it is of a deep blood-red, which 
extends even to the shaded side. It is in use from November till 



798. ROTHE WIENER SOMMERAPFEL. 

A beautiful, and excellent autumn apple, suitable either for the 
dessert or kitchen use. It is of a medium size, and pearmain shape. 
Skin, shining, covered with a fine bloom, greenish-yellow, washed and 
striped with red. In use in October. 

799. ROUGHAM SEEDLING. 

A small table apple, of second-rate quality, it is of oblate shape, green 
and red color, and in use in December. — H. S. C. p. 38. 

800. ROUND CATSHEAD. 

Synonyme. — Tete du Chat. 

A large kitchen apple, of first-rate quality. It is of a roundish shape, 
yellow color; and in use from December till March. — H. S. C. n. 131. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 267 

801. ROUND HEAD. 

A medium sized kitchen apple, it is of a roundish shape, green color, 
and in use from November till January. — H. S. C. n. 724. 

802. ROWE'S SEEDLING. 

A very valuable Devonshire sauce apple ; large, and of rather conical 
shape, with small prominences round the eye, of a pea-green color ; it 
has plenty of juice, and a very pleasant flavor; ripe in August and 
September. Is a great bearer, and the tree grows freely. — Bon. Pyr. 
Mai. 9, pi. v. f. 3. 

803. ROYAL COSTARD. 

An apple of the largest size, its flesh is not very firm, but being juicy 
and melting, it is an excellent sauce apple. — Hort. Trans, iii. p. 327. 

804. ROYAL DEVON. 

A small cider apple. It is of a roundish shape ; pale yellow color, 
striped with red, and with a bitter flavor ; it is in use during November 
and December.— H, S. C. p. 38. 

805. ROYAL GEORGE. 

Fruit, above the middle size, round and flattened at each end. Stalk, 
short. Eye, large and prominent. Skin, light yellow, dashed with 
red. Flesh, firm, and full of a rich juice, of a peculiar flavor, and may 
be used in the dessert, and in the kitchen. The tree resembles the 
Ribston Pippin in growth, but of more vigorous habit ; it is in use from 
November till February. — Bog. Fr. Cult. 56. 

806. ROYAL JERSEY. 

A cider apple, of roundish shape, and striped with red. — H. S. C. 
p. 38. 

807. ROYAL NONPAREIL. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a 
roundish shape, green on the shaded side, and red next the sun ; in use 
from November till January. — H. S. C. p. 27. 

808. ROYAL REINETTE. 

A large apple, of second-rate quality, and suitable either for kitchen 
or dessert use ; but more properly the former. It is of a conical shape, 
and striped with red ; in use from December till April. The tree is a 
good bearer.— H. S. C. n. 692. 



268 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

809. ROYAL WILDING. 

A Herefordshire cider apple, and quite distinct from the apple of the 
same name, peculiar to Devonshire. It is small, of a conical shape, 
yellow color; and in use in December. — H. S. C. n. 728. 

810. ROYALE. 

A medium sized apple, of first-rate quality, excellent as a dessert 
apple, and suitable also for kitchen use. It is of a roundish shape, 
skin, covered with russet, and in use from January till March. — H. S. C. 
n. 729. 

811. SAFFRAN REINETTE. 

• A medium sized cider apple of second-rate quality ; it is of conical 
shape, yellow color, covered with russet ; and in use during August and 
September.— i£ S. C. n. 693. 

812. ST. JOHN'S NONPAREIL. 

A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an ovate shape 
yellowish-green, on the shaded side, and brown next the sun ; in use 
from November till January. — H. S. C. n. 481. 

813. ST. LAWRENCE. 

A small early dessert apple, of second-rate quality, it is of an oblate 
shape, yellow color, and is in use during August and September. — 
H. S. C. n. 765. 

814. ST. PATRICK. 

A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The tree is a 
good bearer, but is not common. — M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 

815. ST. PATRICK'S SWEETING. 

A small dessert apple of inferior quality. It is of an oblate shape, 
yellow color, and is in use during August and September. — H. S. C. p 40. 

816. SALOPIAN PIPPIN. 

A Shropshire apple, of middle size, introduced to the neighbourhood 
of London, by the late Mr. Williams, of Turnham Green. Its shape 
globular, a little compressed ; a pea-green color, with a slight flush of 
pale red, and sprinkled over with brown spots, it has great merit as a 
sauce apple, as it dresses well, is juicy, and well flavored ; in use from 
October till Christmas. The tree grows in a compact form, and is a 
constant bearer. — Bon. Pyr. Mai. 9, pi. v. f. 4. 



THE APPLE. — ITS VAEIETIES. 269 

817. SANDY'S RUSSET. 

A small dessert apple of second-rate quality ; it is of an oblate shape, 
skin covered with russet ; and in use from November till February. — 
H. S. C. p. 39. 

818. SAPLING BARK. 

An early yellow apple, of inferior quality, it is of an oval shape, 
and ripe in August. — H. S. C. p. 40. 

819. DE SAUGE. 

A cider apple of medium size, and oblate shape, the skin is yellow, 
and covered with brownish-red ; it is in use from November till 
February. A bitter sweet. — H. S. C. n. 770. 

820. SCARLET GOLDEN PIPPIN. 

A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; in use from November 
till April. A variety from Essex, very good, and very late. — Riv. Cat. 

821. SCARLET KEEPER. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of third-rate quality ; it is conical, 
striped with red ; and in use during November and December. — 
H. S. C. p. 40. 

822. SCHAFER. 

A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; resembling the Scarlet 
Nonpareil. It is of a roundish shape ; skin, green on the shaded side, 
and red on the other ; in use during December and January. — 
H. S. C. n. 771. 

823. SCOTSMAN. 

A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. Tree, an excellent bearer, 
and bears when young ; fruit of good quality, keeps well ; a rare 
variety.-— M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 

824. SCOTTISH CHIEF. 

A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is an excellent 
bearer, healthy, middle sized ; branches very pendent ; fruit of good 
quality.—^. C. H. S. iv. 471. 

825. SEA CLIFF. 

A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality, green color, and oblong 
shape ; it is in use from October till January. — H. S. C. p. 40. 



270 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC 

826. SEACLIFFE HAWTHORNDEN. 

Synontme. — Seacliffe Apple. 

A very large and handsome apple, of a round shape, pale yellow color, 
and first-rate quality. The tree is hardy, a good bearer, and highly 
deserving of cultivation. — Laws. Cat. 

827. SEDGEFIELD. 

A medium sized apple of second-rate quality ; it is of a round shape, 
striped with red, and in use from December till February. — H. S. C. 
p. 40. 

828. SHAGREEN. 

A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is an excellent 
bearer ; fruit keeps well. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 

829. SHARP'S RUSSET. 

This is below the middle size, of a brownish-red color towards the 
sun, and a pale green on the other side. It is shaped like the frustrum 
of a cone ; it is of a pretty good flavor, and keeps till May. — Fors. 
Treat. 128. 

830. SERJEANT. 

A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is beautiful, 
upright growing, and large, not common. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 

831. SHEPHERD'S NEWINGTON. 

A large kitchen apple, of a roundish shape, striped with red, and in 
use during October and November. It is very large, but does not keep 
well.— IT. S. C. n. 775. 

832. SHUSTOKE. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of inferior quality ; it is of an oblate 
shape, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun ; ripe in 
December.— IT. S. C. p. 41. 

833. SIBERIAN SUGAR. 

A small apple, and of first-rate quality for cider, it is of a roundish 
shape, and yellow color ; the flesh is orange, and the juice highly 
saccharine ; in use during December and January. — H. S. C. n. 778. 

834. SILVERLING. 

A large apple for culinary purposes. It is of conical shape, pale 
green color; and in use from November till March. — If. S.C. n. 779. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 271 

835. SILVER PIPPIN. 

This is a handsome, middle sized, conical shaped apple, of a fine 
yellow color, with a faint blush towards the sun. The flesh is firm, and 
very white, and of an excellent flavor. It keeps till the middle of 
May.— Fors. Treat. 183. 

836. SIMPSON'S SEEDLING. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an 
ovate shape, and yellow color ; and in use from January till April. — - 
H. S. C. p. 41. 

This was raised from Ord's apple, to which it bears some resemblance. 

837. SKERM'S KERNEL. 

This is a conical shaped, middle sized apple, beautifully streaked with 
red, deepest towards the eye, and having a good deal of yellow towards 
the footstalk. It is ripe in January, and keeps till March. — Fors. 
Treat. 127. 

838. SLADE'S PIPPIN. 

A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality, of an ovate shape, and 
pale brownish-red color. — H. S. C. p. 41. 

839. SMITH'S BEAUTY OF NEWARK. 

A medium sized dessert apple ; of ovate shape, yellow color, with 
red towards the sun, and in use during September and October. — 
H. S. C. n. 38. 

840. SOMERSETSHIRE DEUX ANS. 

A small cider apple, of conical shape, and yellow color, with red 
towards the sun.— H. S. C. n. 203. 

841. SONNETTE. 

A medium sized cider apple of ovate shape, and greenish-yellow color ; 
a bitter-sweet.— H. S. C. n. 783. 



842. SOUTH CAROLINA PIPPIN. 

A very large and handsome American apple, of first-rate quality, and 
suitable either for culinary or dessert use. It is round, yellow, and in 
use in December. — Laws. Cat. 

843. SOVEREIGN. 

This is a large sized fruit, measuring from ten to twelve inches in 
circumference, nearly round but with some irregular ridging. The 



272 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

color is a fine red, suffused nearly all over, only deeper next the sun ; 
the flesh is breaking ; the juice, rich, vinous, and abundant. Most of 
the fruit, have a singular mark or patch on one side, of a russet color, 
about the size of a Sovereign, whence the name. — Bog. Fr. Cult. 41. 

844. SPANIARD. 

This is a good sized apple, of a greenish-yellow color. It is said to 
have taken this name from the grafts being at first brought from Spain, 
it is used for tarts in Cornwall, but is a very indifferent apple to eat 
raw, and is a shy bearer, It will keep till April. — Fors. Treat 127. 

845. SPANISH ONION. 

This is a handsome round apple, of a russet color, with a dull red 
towards the sun. This apple which is rather below the middle size, is 
very good for the dessert, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 128. 

846. SPANISH PEARMAIN. 

This is a middle sized oblong apple, of a carnation color, and dark 
red towards the sun. This is a pretty good apple, and keeps till the 
beginning of May. — Fors. Treat. 127. 

847. SPATBLUHENDE. 

Synonymes. — Spatbliihender Matapfel ; Msetapfel a Fleurs Tardives. 

A medium sized apple, for culinary purposes ; it is of an oblong shape 
striped with red ; and in use during November and December. — 
H. 8. C. n. 784. 

848. SPENCER'S PIPPIN. 

A medium sized apple, suitable for dessert use, but more properly for 
culinary purposes. It is round. Skin, smooth and shining, of a fine deep 
yellow color when ripe, with a slight tinge of red on one side. A good 
flavored apple ; in use from January till May. — Fors. Treat. 128. 

849. SPICE REINETTE. 

This is a handsome apple, below the middle size, red towards the 
sun, and yellow on the other side. — Fors. Treat. 127. 

850. STANDARD. 

A variety cultivated in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The 
tree is a most excellent bearer, and bears young ; fruit, much esteemed, 
gets a beautiful golden color, when well ripened ; tree, middle sized, 
with very black wood, woolly leaves, and extreemly thick bark ; a rare 
variety.— if. C. H. S. iv. 472. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 273 

851. STIRLING CASTLE. 

A large Scotch apple, raised near Stirling ; of first-rate quality as a 
culinary apple. It is in use from November till December. — Laws. Cat. 

852. STONYROYD PIPPIN. 

A Yorkshire apple, raised in the garden of Mrs. Rawson, of Halifax, 
from the seed of an imported American variety, and first exhibited at 
the London Horticultural Society, in 1822. It is roundish, of medium 
size, and yellow color. It is of first-rate quality, either as a culinary or 
dessert apple, and in use from January till April. — H. S. C. n. 805. 

853. STOUP LEADINGTON. 

A large Scotch culinary apple, of good quality ; it is of an oblong 
shape, skin yellowish-green, and in use from September till November. 
H. S. C. p. 23. 

854. STRAAT. 

This is an autumn fruit. It is stated to be tender, juicy, well flavored, 
and according to Mr. Buel, in excellence, it is not surpassed by any 
fruit in its season ; a native of America. — Ken. Amer. Or. 39. 

855. STRIPED NONPAREIL. RUSSET. 

This is a handsome apple, of a greenish-russet color, with a little 
brownish-red towards the sun. It is about the size of a large Nonpareil, 
is ripe in January, and keeps till March. — Fors. Treat. 1 27. 

856. STRODE-HOUSE PIPPIN. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; of a roundish 
shape, yellow color, and ripe in November. — H. S. C. n. 806. 

857. STUBTON NONPAREIL. 

A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality. It is of a roundish-s h ai / 
and greenish-yellow color ; rich and sugary flavor, and ripe from Janu 
till March.— H. S. C. n. 483. 

858. SUDBURY BEAUTY. 

A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality, it is of a roundish shape ; 
skin, a yellow color ; in use from October till January. — H. S. C. n. 809 . 

859. SUMMER GILLIFLOWER. 

Stnontmes. — Summer July Flower ; Russian. 
A large dessert apple, of second-rate quality. It is of a roundish 



274 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

shape, striped with red, and comes into use in September. The tree is 
a great bearer. — H. S. C. n. 268. 

860. SUMMER HEDGING. 

A small cider apple, of roundish shape, and red color. — H. S. C. 
n. 812. 

861. SUMMER MARIGOLD. 

It is a handsome fruit, and a great favorite in the West of England, 
particularly in South Devon. Rather larger than the Golden Pippin, 
it is of a fine light red, with deeper streaks of the same color, on the 
sun side. The flesh is breaking, and the juice pleasant, and abundant. 
It is a prolific bearer, and makes a fine orchard standard tree of the 
third class, but will bear well in any way. Ripens in the end of August. 
Bog, Fr. Cult. 31. 

862. SUMMER QUEEN. 

A medium sized American apple, of second-rate quality ; suitable for 
culinary purposes. It is of a roundish shape ; skin, pale yellow on the 
shaded side, and red striped towards the sun ; ripe during August and 
September. — Down. Fr. Amer. 77. 

863. SUMMER ROSE. 

Synonyme. — "Woolman's Harvest. 

A small apple, of second-rate quality, properly speaking a culinary 
apple, but suitable also for dessert use ; it is of an oblate shape, yellow 
color, and ripe in August. — Down. Fr. Amer. 77. 

An American variety. 

864. SUMMER STIBBERT. 

Synonymes. — Summer Queening, of some. Avant Tout Hative. 

A large kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; of a conical shape, 
yellow color, and ripe in August. The tree is a good bearer. — 
H. S. C. p. 42. 

865. SUMMER SWEET PARADISE. 

A Pennsylvania fruit, sent to us by J. B. Garber, Esq., a zealous fruit 
grower of Columbia, in that state. It is a large, fair, sweet apple, and 
is certainly one of the finest of its class, for the dessert. The tree is an 
abundant bearer, begins to bear while young, and is highly deserving 
general cultivation. It has no affinity to the paradise apple used for 
stocks. 

Fruit, quite large, round and regular in its form, a little flattened at 
both ends. Skin, rather thick, pale green, sometimes faintly tinged with 
yellow in the sun, and very distinctly marked with numerous, large, 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 275 

dark grey dots. Stalk, strong, set in an even and moderately deep 
cavity. Flesh, tender, crisp, very juicy, with a sweet, rich, aromatic 
flavor. Ripe in August and September. — Down. Fr. Amer. 96. 

866. SUSSEX. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; of an oblate 
shape, pale green color, with red towards the sun, and ripe in Novem- 
ber.— H. S. C. p. 42. 

867. SUSSEX SCARLET PEARMAIN. 

A medium sized dessert apple ; of pearmain shape, red color ; and in 
use from December till March. — H. S. C. n. 560. 



868. SWAAR. 

This is a truly noble American fruit, produced by the Dutch settlers on 
the Hudson, near Esopus, and so termed from its unusual weight, this 
word in low Dutch, meaning heavy. It requires a deep, rich sandy 
loam, to bring it to perfection, and in its native soils, we have seen it 
twelve inches in circumference, and of a deep golden yellow color. It 
is one of the finest flavored apples in America, and deserves extensive 
cultivation in all favorable positions, though it does not succeed well in 
damp cold soils. — Down. Fr. Amer. 134. 

869. SWEDISH EARLY SAUCE. 

A medium sized kitchen apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a coni- 
cal shape, striped with red, and ripe in August. — H. S. C. n. 817. 



870. SWEET LADING. 

A Sussex cider apple, of medium size and good quality ; it is of an 
oblate shape, striped with red ; and is in use in November. — H. S. C. 
p. 43. 

871. SWEET LITTLE WILDING. 
A small cider apple. — H. S. C. p. 43. 

872. SWEET PINTSTOUP. 

A variety found in the Carse of Gowrie orchards. The tree is a good 
bearer, but not common — M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 



873. SWEET PIPPIN. 

A small cider apple, of ovate shape, yellow color, and in use during 
October and November. — H, S. C. n. 818. 

T % 



276 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

874. SWEET RUSSET. 
A variety grown in the Carse of Gowrie. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 

875. SWEETING RUSSET. 

A medium sized apple for kitchen use ; it is of a roundish shape, 
russet color, and in use from January till March. — H. S. C. n. 751. 

876. SYMONDS'S BRAINTON, 

A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, and yellow color. — 
H. S. C. n. 81. 

877. SYMONDS'S NONPAREIL. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of an oblate 
shape ; skin, green, covered with russet, and in use in December. — 
H. S. C. n. 485. 

878. TANKERTON. 

A conical-shaped yellow apple, with sometimes a little blush towards 
the sun. This is an excellent sauce apple, and bakes well. It is of an 
agreeable taste, but too large for the table. It will keep till 
February. — Fors. Treat. 128. 

879. TANKERVILLE. 

A small apple of inferior quality ; it is of a roundish shape, striped 
with red, and is ripe in September. — H. S. C. p. 43. 

880. TETOFSKY. 

A handsome medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it 
is of an oblong figure ; skin, striped with red, ripe in August and 
September.— H. S. C. n. 828. 

881. TEWKESBURY WINTER BUSH. 

An American apple, described by Coxe. He says it was brought from 
Tewksbury, Hunterdon County, N. J. It is a handsome fair fruit, with 
more flavor and juiceness than is usual in long keeping apples. They may 
be kept till August without particular care, quite plump and sound. The 
size is small, rather flat. The skin, smooth, yellow, with a red cheek. 
Flesh, yellow. The tree grows rapidly and straight, and the fruit hangs 
till late in the autumn. January to July. — Down Ft. Amer. 140. 

882. THICKSET. 

A variety cultivated in the Carse of Gowrie. The tree is an un- 
commonly great bearer, and the fruit of good quality. — M. C. H. S. 
iv. 474. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 277 

883. THORESBY SEEDLING. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a pearmain 
shape, red color, and in use from January till April. — H. S. C. n. 831. 

884. TOM POTTER. 

A much esteemed Devonshire apple, of middle size, contracted about 
the eye, which is in a small cavity, and surrounded by wrinkles ; the 
ground color yellow, richly striped and blotched with bright red. It is 
a juicy, high flavored table apple, ripe in September and October. A 
healthy growing tree, but rather uncertain in bearing. — Ron. Pyr. Mai. 
37, pi. xix. f. 2. 

885. TOTTENHAM PARK CODLIN. 

The fruit is tall, generally square, with a large eye, in a deep cavity, 
and flattened at the base. Its color, is dull green. The flesh firm, and 
juicy, and when dressed, is very soft and high flavored. The tree is 
healthy, and a great bearer. — Hort. Trans, iii. 328. 

886. TRANSPARENT DE ZURICH. 

A medium sized cider apple, of conical shape, pale yellow color, and 
in use during September and October. The tree is a good bearer. — 
H. S. C. n. 836. 

887. TRAVELLER. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of inferior quality ; it is of an oblate 
shape ; skin, striped with red, and in use from November till Febuary. — 
H. S. C. p. 44. 

8S8. TRAVELLING QUEEN. 

A medium sized apple, of inferior quality ; roundish shape ; skin, 
striped with red ; and in use from November till January. — H. S. C. 
p. 44. 

889. TREVOIDER REINETTE. 

This is a small, handsome, russet-colored apple, of an excellent 
flavor ; and will keep till May. — Fors. Treat. ] 28. 

890. TULIP WINE. 

A Carse of Gowrie apple ; inferior in quality to the Green Wine. — « 
M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 

891. TURPIN. 

A medium sized apple, for kitchen use, it is of an ovate shape, yellow 
color ; and in use from November till May. — H. S. C. n. 842. 



278 BKITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

892. TWICKENHAM. 

A large kitchen apple ; of broad conical shape, striped with red, and 
in use from September till October. — H. S. C. n. 843. 

893. TWIN WINE. 

A variety grown in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. The tree 
is a good bearer, the fruit very beautiful, and sometimes twined 
together.— M. C. H. S. iv. 474. 

894. TWO YEARLING. 

A small dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a roundish 
shape, yellow color, and keeps from May till July. — H. S. C. p. 44. 

895. UNDERLEAF. 

A medium sized cider apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an oblate 
shape, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun ; and in use 
in December. — H. S. C. p. 44. 

896. VALLEYFIELD PIPPIN. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of an 
oblate shape, green on the shaded side, red, towards the sun ; and ripe 
in September. The tree is a good bearer. — H. S. C. n. 844. 

897. VAN PIPPIN. 

This is a small, round apple, finely colored with red and yellow ; the 
pulp is sweet, juicy, and agreeable. The wood of the tree is weak, but 
it is hardy, and bears well. — Fors. Treat. 200. 

898. VANDERVERE. 
Synontme. — Stalcubs. 

The Vandervere, when in perfection, is one of the most beautiful and 
finest apples. But it requires a rich, light, sandy soil, as in a damp 
heavy soil, it is almost always liable to be spotted, unfair, and destitute 
of flavor. It is a native of Wilmington, Delaware, and took its name 
from a family there. It is a fine old variety, and is highly worthy of 
extensive cultivation, where the soil is favorable. 

Fruit, of medium size, flat. Skin, in its ground color, yellow, streaked 
and stained with clouded red, but on the sunny side, deepening into rich 
red, dotted with light grey specks. Stalk, short, inserted in a smooth, 
rather wide cavity. Calyx, small, closed, set in a regular, well formed, 
basin, of moderate depth. Flesh, yellow, crisp, and tender, with a rich 
and sprightly juice. October to January. — Down. Fr. Amer. 142. 

Such is the character of this apple in its native country ; but on this 
side of the Atlantic, it ranks only as a second-rate fruit. If however, it 
were grown in a favorable situation as indicated above, it might be 
brought to a greater degree of perfection. — H. 



THE APPLE. ITS VAEIETIES. 279 

899. WACKS APFEL. 

A medium sized cider apple, of oblong shape, pale yellow color, and 
in use from October till December. — H. S.C.n. 851. 
This cannot be the Wacksapfel of Diel, which is flat. 

900. WALLACE WIGHT. 

A variety found in the Carse of Gowrie ; but rare, the fruit is of 
good quality, and keeps well. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 

901. WARD APPLE. 

This is a beautiful flat shaped apple, rather below the middle size, of 
a fine red towards the eye, and of a yellowish-green towards the footstalk. 
It is a sharp flavored fruit, and keeps till June. — Fors. Treat. 129. 

902. WEISSE ANTILLISCHE WINTER REINETTE. 

A large, beautiful, and excellent German dessert apple. It is of a 
calville shape ; the skin is tender, of a fine lemon color when at maturity, 
and with a slight blush of red on one side ; the flesh is yellowish, fine, 
firm, and juicy, with a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor. It ripens in 
December, and keeps till March. — Diel. 

903. WEISSE ITALIANISCHE ROSMARINAPFEL. 

An Italian dessert apple, much cultivated in Southern Germany. It 
is pearmain shaped ; the skin is smooth, shining, and of a fine waxen 
yellow color, with pale red, and a few stripes on one side ; the flesh is 
white, tender, and juicy, and of a rich, sugary, and vinous flavor. It 
ripens in December. — Diel. 

904. WEISSE WACKS REINETTE. 
Synontmes. — Weisse Sommer Reinette ; Reinette d'Ete Blanche. 

One of the most beautiful, and really splendid September apples, very 
refreshing for dessert use, and as a cider fruit must be considered of the 
greatest value. Its form is frequently somewhat oblong, and also 
roundish and flattened. It is three inches and a quarter broad, and 
about a quarter of an inch less in height. The skin, is fine, some- 
what unctuous when handled, at first of a pale clear yellow, which 
changes by keeping to a very beautiful pure waxen, and shining lemon- 
yellow, faintly washed with a clear, delightful red, on the exposed 
side only. Eye, half open, set in a wide and deep basin. Stalk, very 
short, sometimes only a small fleshy knob, inserted in a wide, deep, and 
funnel-shaped cavity, lined with russet. Flesh, beautiful white, fine, 
marrowy, and juicy, with a sweet, vinous, very agreeable, refreshing, 
somewhat aromatic flavor. Ripens in September, and is in greatest 
perfection in October. — Diel Kemobst. vii. 137. 



280 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

905. WELLBANK'S CONSTANT BEARER. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; its shape is 
roundish-ovate, skin, yellow on the shaded side, and red towards the sun, 
in use from November till January. — H. S. C. p. 44. 

906. WETHERELL'S WHITE SWEETING. 

A medium sized sweet cider apple ; of roundish shape, yellow color ; 
and in use in September. — If. S. C. p. 45. 

907. WHERNEL'S PIPPIN. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of second-rate quality ; it is of a 
pearmain shape, yellow color, and in use from December till March. — 
H. S. C. n. 859. 

908. WHITE BOGMILN. 

A Scotch apple, grown in the Carse of Gowrie. It is a rare sort, 
large, and of fair quality. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 

909. WHITE COURT-PENDU. 

This is a middle sized long shaped apple, of a yellowish color. It is 
a good eating apple, and ripens in January. — Fors. Treat. 129. 

910. WHITE CROFTON. 

This apple which ripens about the end of August, or beginning of 
September, was one of a large collection brought from Ireland, by the 
late Sir Evan Nepean, and was worked with others in the Fulham 
nursery. The fruit is rather under the middle size, the color light 
green, flesh, melting, juice, abundant, but not very rich. It may be 
called a good second-rate fruit ; it is an excellent bearer, and well 
worth the attention of market-gardeners. Its stiff upright growth 
renders it eligible for the grass orchard, where it would rank as a second- 
rate tree. — Rog. Fr. Cult. 35. 

911. WHITE EASTER. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of pearmain shape, pale yellow color, 
and in use from January till April. — H. S. C. n. 860. 

912. WHITE FULWOOD. 

A Scotch apple, cultivated in the orchards of the Carse of Gowrie. 
The fruit is of a most excellent quality, especially the colored variety ; 
keeps well ; tree middle sized, with a large leaf; sometimes the points 
of the branches die ; bears steadily fair crops, but not heavy loads. — 
M. C.H. S. iv. 471. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 281 

913. WHITE LEAF. 

A large kitchen apple, round, and very much flattened, yellow on the 
shaded side, and red towards the sun. — H. S. C. p. 45. 

914. WHITE MUST. 

This is a middle sized handsome apple, of a greenish-yellow color, 
with a little red towards the sun ; the flavor is rather tart but agreeable, 
It is ripe in January. — Fors. Treat. 129. 

915. WHITE NONPAREIL. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish 
shape ; the skin pale green, covered with russet. In use in December. 
H. S. C. n. 488. 

916. WHITE RUSSET. 

Fruit, large, about two inches and three quarters from the eye to the 
stalk, and three inches in its transverse diameter near the stalk ; sides 
angular ; color, a yellowish-green, intermixed with white, marked with 
light red to the sun, and russeted from it ; stalk, short ; eye, wrinkled ; 
richly flavored, but apt to grow mealy when too ripe. In use during 
October and November. — Hort. Trans, iii. 454. 



917. WHITE SEAL. 

A large apple for culinary purposes ; of an oblong shape ; pale yellow 
color ; of little value and ripe in September. — H. S. C. p. 45. 

918. WHITE STYRE. 

A small cider apple, of first-rate quality ; it is of a roundish-shape ; 
and pale yellow color. — H. S. C. n. 801. 

919. WHITE WINE. 
A Scotch apple ; the tree a good bearer. — M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 

920. WICKHAM'S DEUX ANS. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of second-rate quality ; the shape is 
roundish ; the skin greenish-yellow, on the shaded side, and red towards 
the sun ; it is in use from January till May. — H. S. C. p. 12. 

921. WILLIAM. 

A medium sized apple of second-rate quality as a dessert apple, and 
suitable also for cider ; the shape is oblate ; skin, yellow ; in use from 
November till January. — H. S. C. p. 45. 



282 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 

922. WILLIAMS'S FAVORITE. 

A large and handsome dessert apple, worthy of a place in every 
garden. It originated at Roxbury, near Boston, U. S., bears abundantly, 
and ripens from the last of July to the first of September. 

Fruit, of medium size, oblong, and a little one-sided. Stalk, an 
inch long, slender, slightly sunk. Calyx, closed, in a narrow angular 
basin. Skin, very smooth, of a light red ground, but nearly covered 
with a fine dark red. Flesh, yellowish-white, and of a very mild and 
agreeable flavor. — Down. Fr. Amer. 79. 

923. WILLIAMS'S PIPPIN. 

This is a conical-shaped apple, with a hollow eye. and short stalk, of 
a pale yellow color, with a little red next the sun ; the flesh, is pale 
yellow, soft and tender. It bakes and roasts well, and will keep till 
Christmas. — Fors. Treat. 130. 

924. WILTSHIRE CATSHEAD. 

This is a large handsome apple, red towards the sun, and green on 
the other side. It is a very fine baking apple, and of a good flavor. 
It is ripe in January. — Fors. Treat. 130. 

925. WINDHAM'S SEEDLING. 

A medium sized apple of second-rate quality, suitable for kitchen use ; 
it is of an oblate shape, yellow color, and in use from November till 
December.—-/?. S. C. n. 867. 

926. WINE. 

A medium sized cider apple, of an oblate shape, yellow color, and in 
use in December. — H. S. C. n. 868. 



927. WINE RUSSET. 

This is a middle sized, conical shaped apple, of a dark russet color, 
and sharp flavor, it keeps till the latter end of April. — Fors. Treat. 130. 

628. WINTER COURT-PENDU. 

A Scotch apple. Fruit, of good quality, and very handsome ; tree 
bears well, and is of middle size. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 



929. WINTER POMEROY. 

This is a pretty large, conical-shaped apple, of a dark green color, a 
little streaked with red, towards the sun. The coat is rather rough. 
It is a good baking apple, and keeps till January. — Fors. Treat. 130. 



THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 283 

930. WINTER RUBY. 

A Scotch apple. The tree bears well, but is not common — M. C. 
H. S. iv. 474. 

931. WINTER SCARLET. 

A Scotch apple ; tree a good bearer ; fruit keeps well ; not common. — 
M. C. H. S. iv. 473. 

932. WINTER STRAWBERRY. 

This variety is above the middle size, of a globular shape, plaited 
about the eye, which, as well as the stalk, is very little depressed ; straw 
color, richly striped with scarlet. It is a good winter apple, of a 
pleasant sub-acid flavor. — Bon. Pyr. Mai. 59, pi. xxx. f. 3. 

933. WINTER WARDEN. 

A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality ; suitable for culinary 
purposes. It is of a roundish shape ; skin, striped with red, and 
russety ; in use from December till February. — H. S. C. p. 45. 

934. WITTE WYN. 

A medium sized cider apple, of roundish shape, pale green color, and 
in use from October till November. — H. S. C. n. 881. 

935. WOOD NYMPH. 
A very large Scotch apple. — M. C. H. S. iv. 472. 

936. WOOD'S GREENING. 

A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, suitable for kitchen 
use, and also for the dessert ; it is of a conical shape, yellow color, and 
in use from January till May. — H. S. C. n. 883. 

937. WRIGHT'S NONPAREIL. 

This is a Salopian apple, great bearer, of a good size, and a little 
flatted. It is a good kitchen apple, and keeps till June. The tree is 
smaller in size than most other apple trees. — Fors. Treat. 131. 

938. YELLOW BUCKLAND. 

A medium sized culinary apple, of inferior quality, it is of oblate 
shape, yellow color, and in use from December till March. — H. S. CI 
p. 8. 

939. YELLOW BELLE-FLEUR. 

Synonyme. — Bell Flower ; Yellow Bellflower. 
, The Yellow Belle-Fleur, is a large, handsome, and excellent winter 



284 BEITISH POMOLOGY, ETC 



apple, every where esteemed inthe United States. It is most abundantly 
seen in the markets of Philadelphia, as it thrives well in the sandy soils 
of New Jersey. Coxe first described this fruit ; the original tree of 
which grew in Burlington, New Jersey. We follow Thompson in 
calling it Bette-Fleur, from the beauty of the blossoms, with the class of 
French apples, to which it belongs. 

Fruit, very large, oblong, a little irregular, tapering to the eye. Skin, 
smooth, pale lemon-yellow, often with a blush next the sun. Stalk, long, 
and slender, in a deep cavity. Calyx, closed, and set in a rather narrow, 
plaited basin. Seeds, in a large hollow capsule or core. Flesh, tender, 
juicy, crisp, with a sprightly sub-acid flavor; before fully ripe, it is 
considerably acid. November to March. 

Wood, yellowish, and tree vigorous, with spreading, drooping 
branches. A regular and excellent bearer, and worthy of a place in 
?every orchard — Down. Fr. Amer. 100. 

940. YOUNG'S SEEDLING. 

A medium sized apple, of second-rate quality, suitable for kitchen 
purposes, and useful also in the dessert ; the shape is roundish ; skin, 
green on the shaded side, and red on the other ; in use from January 
till June.— H. S. C. n. 888. 

941. ZIMMT REINETTE. 

Synonymes. — Zimmtfarbige Keinette ; Kaneel Renet. 

A medium sized dessert apple, of good quality ; round, handsome, 
and regularly shaped, the skin is greenish yellow, very much covered 
with cinnamon-colored russet, the flesh is yellowish-white, fine, juicy, 
rich, sugary, vinous, and aromatic ; ripe in December, and continues 
till May. 

942. ZOETE PETER LELY. 

A small dessert apple, of first-rate quality ; the shape is oblate, and 
the skin is covered with russet ; it is in use from November till February. 
It is small, but good, with a Russet Nonpareil flavor. — H. S. C. n. 892. 



THE APPLE. SELECT VARIETIES. 



285 



LISTS OF SELECT APPLES. 



These lists are adapted to various latitudes of Great Britain, and 
are intended as a guide to the formation of large, or small collections of 
the most choice and useful varieties. 



I. SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF ENGLAND. 

And not extending farther north than the range of Derby. 

1. SUMMER APPLES. 



A. Dessert. 

Borovitsky 

Devonshire Quarrenden 
Early Harvest 
Irish Peach 
Joanneting 
Kerry Pippin 
King of the Pippins 
Margaret 



Summer Golden Pippin 
B. Kitchen. 

Carlisle Codlin 

Cole 

Duchess of Oldenburgh 

Dutch Codlin 

Keswick Codlin 

Manks Codlin 

Springrove Codlin 



AUTUMN APPLES. 



A. Dessert. 

Augustus Pearmain 
Borsdorffer 
Bowyer's Russet 
Breedon Pippin 
Brookes's 
Broughton 
Colonel Vaughan's 
Cornish Aromatic 
Downton Pippin 
Early Nonpareil 



Golden Winter Pearmain 
Moore's Seedling 
Proliferous Reinette 
Ribston Pippin 
Red Ingestrie 
Yellow Ingestrie 

B. Kitchen. 

Biggs's Nonesuch 

Catshead 

Cellini 



286 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



Emperor Alexander 
Flower of Kent 
Gravenstein 
Golden Noble 
Gooseberry Apple 
Harvey Apple 



Harvey's Wiltshire Defiance 
Hawthornden 
Kentish Fill-basket 
Mere de Menage 
Waltham Abbey Seedling 
Worrasley Pippin 



3. WINTER APPLES. 



A. Dessert. 

Adams's Pearmain 
Ashmead's Kernel 
Baddow Pippin 
Barcelona Pearmain 
Barton's Incomparable 
Boston Russet 
Braddick's Nonpareil 
Bringewood 
Claygate Pearmain 
Cockle Pippin 
Coe's Golden Drop 
Cornish Gilliflower 
Court of Wick 
Court-pendu Plat 
Dutch Mignonne 
Golden Harvey 
Golden Pippin 
Golden Reinette 
Hughes's Golden Pippin 
Hubbard's Pearmain 
Lamb Abbey Pearmain 
Maclean's Favorite 
Mannington's Pearmain 
Margil 

Morris's Nonpareil Russet 
Morris's Russet 
Nonpareil 
Ord's Apple 
Pearson's Plate 
Pinner Seedling 



Pitmaston Nonpareil 
Ross Nonpareil 
Russet Table Pearmain 
Sam Young 
Sturmer Pippin 
Sykehouse Russet 
Wyken Pippin 

B. Kitchen 

Alfriston 

Baxter's Pearmain 
Beauty of Kent 
Bedfordshire Foundling 
Blenheim Pippin 
Devonshire Buckland 
Dumelow's Seedling 
Grange's Pearmain 
Hambledon Deux Ans 
Hanwell Souring 
Mitchelson's Seedling 
Norfolk Beefing 
Norfolk Stone Pippin 
Northern Greening 
Reinette Blanche d'Espagne 
Rhode Island Greening 
Round Winter Nonesuch 
Royal Pearmain 
Royal Russet 
Striped Beefing 
Winter Majetin 
Winter Pearmain 



II. NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF ENGLAND. 



1. SUMMER APPLES. 



A. Dessert. 

Devonshire Quarrenden 

Early Harvest 

Irish Peach 

Joanneting 

Kerry Pippin 

Margaret 

Oslin 



Whorle 



B. Kitchen. 



Carlisle Codlin 
Dutch Codlin 
Keswick Codlin 
Manks Codlin 
Nonesuch 
Springrove Codlin 



THE APPLE. SELECT VARIETIES. 



287 



2. AUTUMN APPLES. 



A. Dessert. 

Borsdorffer 
Downton 
Early Nonpareil 
Franklin's Golden Pippin 
Golden Monday- 
Golden Winter Pearmain 
Red Ingestrie 
Ribston Pippin 
Summer Pearmain 
Wormsley Pippin 



Yellow Ingestrie 

B. Kitchen. 

Cellini 

Emperor Alexander 

Greenup's Pippin 

Hawthornden 

Melrose 

Mere de Menage 

Nelson Codlin 



WINTER APPLES. 



A. Dessert. 

Acklam's Russet 
Adams's Pearmain 
Barcelona Pearmain 
Bess Pool 

Braddick's Nonpareil 
Baxter's Pearmain 
Claygate Pearmain 
Cockle Pippin 
Court of Wick 
Court-pendu Plat 
Golden Pippin 
Golden Reinette 
Margil 
Nonpareil 

Pitmaston Nonpareil 
Royal Pearmain 



Scarlet Nonpareil 
Sturmer Pippin 
Sykehouse Russet. 

B. Kitchen. 

Alfriston 

Bedfordshire Foundling 
Blenheim Pippin 
Dumelow's Seedling 
Holland Pippin 
Hutton Square 
Mere de Menage 
Northern Greening 
Round Winter Nonesuch 
Sleeping Beauty 
Yorkshire Greening 



III. BORDER COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND. 

And the warm, and sheltered situations in other parts of Scotland. 

1. SUMMER AND AUTUMN APPLES. 



A. Dessert. 

Blenheim Pippin 
Cambusnethan Pippin 
Devonshire Quarrenden 
Greenup's Pippin 
Grey Leadington 
Irish Peach 
Kerry Pippin 



Margaret 

Oslin 

Ravelston Pippin 

Red Ingestrie 

Summer Pearmain 

Summer Strawberry 

Tarn Montgomery 

White Paradise 

Whorle 



288 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



Wormsley Pippin 
Yellow Ingestrie 



B. Kitchen. 



Carlisle Codlin 
Dutch Codlin 
Early Julian 



Hawthornden 
Hill's Seedling 
Keswick Codlin 
Manks Codlin 
Melrose 

Springrove Codlin 
Tarvey Codlin. 



2. WINTER APPLES. 
These marked * require a Wall. 



A. Dessert 

Balmanno Pippin 

* Barcelona Pearmain 

* Braddick's Nonpareil 
Baxter's Pearmain 
Bogmiln Eavorite 
Contin Reinette 

* Court of Wick 
Doonside 
Gogar Pippin 

* Golden Pippin 
Green Langlast 

* Margil 

* Nonpareil 

* Pearson's Plate 
Pitmaston Nonpareil 
Pow Captain 

* Kibston Pippin 



* Scarlet Nonpareil 

* Sturmer Pippin 

B. Kitchen. 

Bedfordshire Eoundling 

Brabant Bellefleur 

Dumelow's Seedling 

Green Virgin 

Pile's Russet 

Red Fulwood 

Royal Russet 

Rymer 

Sir Walter Blackett's Favorite 

Tower of Glammis 

Waltham Abbey Seedling 

Winter Strawberry 

White Fulwood 



IV. NORTHERN PARTS OF SCOTLAND. 

And other exposed situations. 



1. SUMMER AND AUTUMN APPLES. 



A. Dessert. 

Devonshire Quarrenden 

Kerry Pippin 

Nonesuch 

Summer Leadington 

Summer Queening 

Summer Strawberry 



A. Dessert. 

Contin Keinette 

Coul Blush 

Fulwood 

Grey Leadington 

Gogar Pippin 

Kerkan 

Pow Captain 



Sweet Topaz 

B. Kitchen. 

Carlisle Codlin 
Hawthornden 
Keswick Codlin 
Manks Codlin 
Tarvey Codlin 

WINTER APPLES. 

Winter Strawberry 



B. Kitchen. 

Carlisle Codlin 

Kinellan 

Tower of Glammis 

Yorkshire Greening 

Winter Greening 



THE APPLE. SELECT VAEIETIES. 



289 



V. FOR ESPALIERS OR DWARFS. 

These succeed well when grafted on the paradise or doucin stock. 



Adams's Pearmain 
Ashmead's Kernel 
Barcelona Pearmain 
Braddick's Nonpareil 
Boston Russet 
Breedon Pippin 
Bringewood Pippin 
Christie's Pippin 
Claygate Pearmain 
Coe's Golden Drop 
Cornish Gillifiower 
Court of Wick 
Court-pendu Plat 
Downton Pippin 
Dutch Mignonne 
Early Harvest 
Early Nonpareil 
Franklin's Golden Pippin 
Golden Harvey 
Golden Pippin 



Golden Reinette 

Hawthornden 

Hubbard's Pearmain 

Joanneting 

Kerry Pippin 

Keswick Codlin 

Manks Codlin 

Margaret 

Margil 

Nonpareil 

Oslin 

Padley's Pippin 

Pearson's Plate 

Robinson's Pippin 

Scarlet Pearmain 

Sturmer Pippin 

Summer Golden Pippin 

Summer Pearmain 

Taunton Golden Pippin 

Wyken Pippin 



VI. FOR ORCHARD PLANTING, AS STANDARDS. 

These are generally strong-growing and productive varieties, the fruit 
of which being mostly of a large size, and attractive appearance, they 
are on that account, well calculated for market supplies. 



Adams's Pearmain 

Alfriston 

Barcelona Pearmain 

Beauty of Kent 

Bedfordshire Foundling 

Bess Pool 

Blenheim Pippin 

Brabant Belle-Fleur 

Broadend 

Catshead 

Cellini 

Cobham 

Devonshire Quarrenden 

Duchess of Oldenburgh 

Dumelow's Seedling 

Emperor Alexander 

Flower of Kent 

Gloria Mundi 

Golden Noble 

Golden Winter Pearmain 

Gooseberry 

Grange's Pearmain 

Gravenstein 

Hanwell Souring 

Harvey Apple 

Harvey's Wiltshire Defiance 

Hawthornden 



Hollandbury 
Holland Pippin 
Kentish Fill-basket 
Keswick Codlin 
Lemon Pippin 
London Pippin 
Margaret 
Manks Codlin 
Melrose 

Mere de Menage 
Mitchelson's Seedling 
Nelson Codlin 
Northern Greening 
Reinette de Canada 
Round Winter Nonesuch 
Royal Pearmain 
Royal Russet 
Rymer 

Selwood's Reinette 
Striped Beefing 
Toker's Incomparable 
Tower of Glammis 
Waltham Abbey Seedling 
Winter Pearmain 
Wormsley Pippin 
Yorkshire Greening 



290 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



VII. CIDER APPLES. 



Alban 

Bennet Apple 

Best Bache 

Brainton Seedling 

Brierly's Seedling 

Bringewood 

Bovey Red Streak 

Cadbury 

Coccagee 

Cowarne Red 

Devonshire Red Streak 

Devonshire Wilding 

Downton Pippin 

Dymmock Red 

Forge 

Forest Styre 

Foxley 

Fox-Whelp 

Friar 

Garter 

Golden Harvey 

Golden Pippin 

Golden Worcester 



Grange 

Hagloe Crab 

Hogshead 

Isle of Wight Pippin 

Kingston Black 

Minchall Crab 

Monkton 

Pawsan 

Red Ingestrie 

Red-Must 

Red-Streak 

Royal Wilding 

Siberian Bitter Sweet 

Siberian Harvey 

Sops in Wine 

Stead's Kernel 

Sweet Lading 

Winter Lading 

Winter Pearmain 

Woodcock 

Yellow Elliot 

Yellow Ingestrie 



INDEX 



BRITISH POMOLOGY. 



THE APPLE. 



THE NAMES PRINTED EN ITALICS ARE SYNONYMES. 



Page. 

Achmore 214 

Adam's Apple 214 

Admirable, Kirke's Scarlet 110 

Alban 215 

Alexander 77 

Alfriston 21 

American, Priestley's 260 

D'Angloise 169 

Anis 82 

Anisapfel 82 

Anis-Seed 215 

Annaberger 266 

Api 23 

Apfel, Kleine 23 

Doppelter 23 

Der Einfache 23 

Etoille 25 

Gelber Sternformiger 25 

Grand 25 

Gros 25 

Grosser 25 

Noir 26 

Panachee 215 

Petit 23 

Boesje 23 

Rose 23 

Rouge 23 

Rouge, Petit 23 

Schwazer 26 

Der Welsche 23 

L'Api 23 

Aporta 77 

Naliva 77 



Page. 

Appiana 24 

Appius Claudius 23 

Arabian Apple 155 

Arley 211 

Aromatic, Cornish 60 

Quatford 260 

Ashby Seedling 215 

D'Astems 215 

Astrachan Red 163 

White 202 

Atkin's Seedling 214 

August Apfel 153 

Aunt's Apple 216 

Aurore 98 

Autumn, Kenrick's 244 

Kenrick's Red 244 

Avant Tout Hdtive 274 

Bains's 216 

Balderstone Seedling 216 

Baldwin 29 

Red 29 

Baltimore 22 

Baltimore 91 

Bank Apple 29 

Bardin 83 

Barrossa 219 

Bath -.. 216 

Baudrons 216 

Bay Apple 69 

Bayford 95 

Bayfordbury 95 

Beachamwell 32 

Seedling 32 



292 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



Page. 

Beau Rouge 110 

Beaufin, Catshead 146 

Norfolk 146 

Striped 188 

Beaufinette 217 

Beauty of Kent 32 

Beauty of Newark, Smith's 271 

Beauty of Wilts, Dredge's 107 

Bedfordshire Foundling 34 

Beefin Norfolk 146 

Beefing Norfolk 146 

Striped 188 

Belle Anglaise 217 

Belle Bonne 34 

Boon, Winter 34 

and Bonne, Winter 34 

and Bon, Winter 34 

Dubois 91 

Fille 169 

Grideline 35 

Grisdeline 35 

Hervy 217 

Josephine 91 

Bellefleur, Brabant 42 

Brabansche 42 

Kleine Brabansche 42 

Yellow 283 

Belledge 34 

BelVs Scarlet 179 

Benlomond 217 

Bennet Apple 35 

Benwell's Large 217 

Benzler 217 

Bess Pool 36 

Best Bache 36 

Best Pool 36 

Betsey 37 

Bitter-Sweet, Siberian 183 

Black American 218 

Annette 218 

Apple 199 

Bess 218 

Blanc d'Espagne 166 

Blanche de Leipsic 40 

Bland's Jubilee '. 38 

Jubilee Rose Pip 38 

Blandilalie 108 

Blenheim 38 

Blenheim Grange 38 

Blood Royal 218 

Bodickheimer 266 

Bogmiln Favorite 218 

White 280 

Bohnapfel, Grosse Rheinischer . . . 238 

Bollenapfel 23 

Bonne Rouge 110 

deMai 69 

Bonner 218 

Bonnet Carre 48 

Bonnie Bride 219 

Boomrey 219 

Borovitsky 40 

Borsdoff 40 



Page. 

Borsdorfer, Edel Winter 40 

Borsdorffer 40 

Black 218 

Grand Bohemian 40 

Red 40 

Winter 40 

Borstorf 40 

Borstorff Hative 40 

alongue queue 40 

Borstorffer, Edler Winter 40 

Bossom 41 

Bough, Early 125 

Large Early Yellow 125 

Large Yellow 125 

Sweet 125 

Tart 75 

Bourassa 219 

Brainge 219 

Brainton, Symonds's 276 

Brandy Apple 92 

Braune Mai 219 

Braunschweiger Milch 219 

Bread and Cheese Apple 162 

Brickley Seedling •. 44 

Bridget, Scotch 180 

Broad-End 45 

Summer 191 

Broading 45 

Kentish 45 

Winter 45 

Brookes's 46 

Broughton 46 

Brown Renting 46 

Brownite 220 

Buckland, Devonshire 66 

Yellow 283 

Bucks County 220 

Buffcoat 220 

Bur-Knot 149 

Burn's Seedling 47 

Burr Apple 220 

Burr Knot 220 

BurreU'sRed 220 

Bursdoff 40 

Burton Seedling 220 

Busham 221 

Butter's 29 

Caas 224 

Cadbury 221 

Pound 221 

Calander 221 

Caldwell 177 

Calleville d'Automne 50 

Blanc 48 

d'Ete 50 

d'Este 50 

Rouge 51 

Calville 50 

Calville Acoute 48 

Aechter Rother Winter 51 

dAngleterre 61 

d'Angleterre 209 

d'Automne 50 



INDEX. 



293 



Page. 

Calville Autumn 50 

Autumn Red 50 

Blanc 48 

Blanc 48 

Blanche 4& 

Blanche a Cotes 48 

Blanche d'Ete 48 

Blanche d'Hiver 48 

Eggermont's 231 

d'Ete 50 

Bouge d'Hiver 51 

Malingre 49 

Musquee 51 

Normande 49 

Norm'dnnische Rolhe Winter 49 

Plane Bouge d'Ete 50 

Red 50 

Bed 51 

Bed 199 

Bed Autumn 50 

BodeHerfst 50 

Bode Somer 50 

Bode Winter 51 

Bothe Herbst 50 

Bothe Winter 51 

Bother Sommer 50 

Rouge 51 

Rouge d' Automne 50 

Bouge Couronne 51 

Bouge dedans et dehors 51 

Rouged' Ete 50 

Rouge d'Hiver 51 

Bouge longue d'Hiver 51 

Rouge de Micoud 51 

Bouge de la Normandie .... 49 

Boyale d'Ete 50 

Boyale d'Hiver 51 

Sanguinole 51 

dit Sanguinole 51 

Tardive 48 

Wahrer Weisser Sommer... 48 

Weisser Winter 48 

White 48 

White 48 

White Autumn 48 

White Winter 48 

Winter Bed 51 

Winter White 48 

Caillot Bosat 51 

Cambour 162 

Campfield 221 

Camuesar 166 

De Canada 167 

La Canelle 234 

Caracter Apfel 83 

Caret's Seedling 157 

Carnation 221 

Caroline 52 

Carpendy 83 

Carpentin 167 

Carse of Gowrie 196 

Late 196 

Carthouse 235 



Page. 

Catline 222 

of Maryland 222 

Cat's Head 53 

Catshead 53 

Round 266 

Wiltshire 282 

Cellini 53 

Chalmers's Large 73 

Chance 169 

Charles's Apple 135 

Charmant Blanc 162 

Chataignier 222 

Chaudiere 222 

Cherry Apple 54 

ChucketEgg 195 

Cierge d'Hiver 222 

Citron 169 

Citron des Carmes 263 

Claret 223 

Claudiana 24 

Clepington 223 

Clouded Scarlet 223 

Cluster Apple 56 

Coates's ... 213 

Cobham 56 

Coccagee 57 

Cockagee 57 

Cockpit 223 

Codlin 79 

Codlin,Betley 217 

Carlisle 52 

Clarke's 223 

Common 79 

Dutch 73 

English 79 

French 234 

Green 252 

Irish 131 

Kentish 243 

Keswick 122 

Kilkenny 244 

Knight's 210 

Manks 131 

Nelson 141 

Nelson's 141 

Old English 79 

Springrove 187 

Tarvey 194 

Tottenham Park 277 

Transparent 197 

White 73 

Winter 206 

Coeur de Pigeon 155 

Gros 155 

Cole 59 

Collin's Keeper 223 

C olman, Norfolk 206 

Summer 191 

Winter 206 

Colonel Vaughan's 59 

Compote 151 

Concombre Ancien 166 

des Chartreux 177 



294 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



Page. 

Conquest de Wigers 223 

Constant Bearer, Wellbank's 280 

Cordwall 177 

Corianda Rose 64 

Corse's Favorite 224 

Corstorphine 224 

Cos 224 

Costard 61 

Royal 267 

Coul Blush 62 

Coulthard .... 61 

Court-pendu 64 

Court-pendu 83 

Chris 83 

Petit Gris 83 

Rosaar 64 

Rouge 64 

Couit-pendu musquee 64 

Doree 98 

Noir 224 

Plat 64 

Plat Rougeatre 64 

Rond Gros 64 

Rond Rougeatre 64 

Rond Tres Gros , 64 

Rosat 64 

Rouge 64 

Rouge Musque 64 

Vermeil 64 

White 280 

Winter 282 

Court de Wick 63 

Court of Wick 63 

Morris's 139 

Cousinotte 50 

Cow's Snout 224 

Cowarne Red 65 

Crab Black 218 

Brentford 118 

Dumelow's 72 

French 206 

Hagloe 105 

Isleworth 118 

Lancashire 137 

Lancaster 137 

Minchall 137 

Mincham's 137 

Minshul 137 

Pitminster 259 

Sams's 129 

Scudamore's 164 

Creeper 66 

Crofton Early 116 

Early White 280 

Red 178 

Scarlet 178 

White 280 

Wliite Summer 280 

CurtipendvJa Minora 83 

Curtis 225 

Cyder Sop 225 

Dainty Apple 110 

Daisy 225 ' 



Darling 66 

Decibus 226 

Delaware 197 

Deptford Inn 226 

Derbyshire 226 

Detroit 226 

Black 226 

Red 226 

Deux Ans, Hambledon 105 

Hunt's 114 

Somersetshire 271 

Wickham's 281 

Devon, Royal 267 

Diepe Kopjis 248 

Docker's Seedling 228 

Doctor 228 

Dolgoi Squoznoi 190 

Domine 208 

Dominiska 229 

Doonside 229 

Douce de Bolwiller 229 

Doyenne 229 

Downy 110 

Drap d'Or 69 

Drapd'Or 83 

Drap d'Or 263 

Vrai 69 

Due d'Arsel 145 

Duchess of Oldenburgh 71 

York's Favorite 229 

Duck's Bill 208 

New 221 

DuifApfel 155 

Duke of Gloucester, Hunt's 115 

Wellington 72 

York, JVewbold's 177 

Dumelow's Seedling 72 

Dumpling, Lord Bateman's 248 

Minier's 137 

Watson's 201 

Duncan 73 

Dundee 98 

Dutch Mignonne 74 

Minion 74 

Dymmock Red 230 

Early Harvest 75 

Prince's 75 

Joe 230 

Marrow 230 

New York 230 

Red 230 

Sauce, Swedish 275 

East Grinstead 201 

Easter, White 280 

Eckapfel 48 

Edel Konig 231 

Edinburgh Cluster 231 

Egg 203 

Ekapfel Rother 51 

Ekkling 48 

Eleot., 212 

Eliot 212 

Elizabeth 98 



INDEX. 



295 



Page. 

Elliot, Yellow 212 

Embroidered Apple 232 

Emperor Alexander 77 

Epse's Sweet 226 

Erdbeer-apfel, JRothe Sommer 50 

Bother Strich 50 

Erdbeerenapfel Sommer 50 

Weisser 48 

D'Espagne 166 

Eve 131 

Eve 131 

Eve 203 

Everlasting 232 

Green 237 

Striped 232 

Extreme, Wheeler's 202 

Eyelet, Green 237 

Yellow 212 

Eair Maid of Erance. . . 232 

Taunton 80 

Wishford, Dredge's 70 

Fallawater 232 

Eamagjsta 81 

Fame 233 

Dredge's 70 

Shepherd's 182 

Fameuse 141 

La Fameuse 141 

Faros 104 

Gros 104 

Fenehelapfel Graue 82 

Grauer 82 

Rothe 83 

Fenellet 82 

Fenouillet 82 

Fenouillet Gris 82 

Gros 82 

Jamie 83 

D' Or Gros 82 

Petit 82 

Rouge 83 

Eillbasket 84 

Kentish 120 

Flat Anderson 233 

Flat-Cap, Surrey 193 

Fleur de Praireal 233 

Fleur de Prairial 247 

Flower of Kent 84 

the Town 233 

Flowery Town 233 

Forge 86 

Forman's Crew 87 

Foxley 88 

Fox- Whelp 88 

Frank Bambour 162 

Friar 89 

Fulwood 90 

Dutch 230 

Green 90 

Late 230 

Red 261 

White 280 

Ganges 90 



Page. 

Garnon's 64 

Garter 90 

Gelders Present 50 

General 152 

General Wolfe 234 

Gennet, May 250 

Genneting 118 

George de Pigeon 82 

GilMower 235 

Cornish 61 

Summer 273 

Gilpin 235 

Ginnetting 118 

Glace Bouge 30 

de Zelande 202 

Glammis Castle 196 

Glasapfel, Berliner. 266 

Glasbury, Norman 255 

Gloria Mundi 91 

American 91 

Glazenwood 91 

New York 91 

Glory, Bachelor's 28 

Miller's 251 

Glory of Boughton 236 

England 91 

Flanders 42 

The West 92 

The West 73 

York 171 

Golden Apple 149 

Golden Ball 236 

Beauty, Owen's 118 

Devonshire 226 

Drop 63 

Drop, Coe's 58 

Gloucester 236 

Harvey 92 

Knob 93 

Kentish 93 

Monday 94 

Noble 94 

Pippin 95 

Autumn 216 

Balgone 95 

Bowyer's 42 

Cluster 56 

Dredge's 244 

Elton 68 

English 95 

Franklin's 89 

Hampshire Yellow 99 

Herefordshire 95 

Hughes's 114 

Hughes's New 114 

Kirke's 244 

Knight's 68 

London 95 

Milton 95 

New Cluster 244 

New Golden 244 

Old 95 

Bival 63 



296 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC, 



Page. 

Golden Pippin, Rival 215 

JRusset 95 

Scarlet 269 

Screveton 180 

Summer 191 

Taunton 194 

Warter's 95 

Vining 113 

Worcester 236 

"Wreath, Pitmaston 157 

Goldzaugapfel 69 

Gooseberry 100 

Goose-Sauce, Yorkshire 213 

Gotterapfel 229 

Gowrie, The 196 

Grafensteiner 102 

Grand Shachem 236 

Grange 110 

Grauch Douce 237 

Gravenstein 102 

Graven Slije 102 

Gray Apple 158 

Green 237 

Balsam 237 

Cossings 177 

Dragon 237 

Greening, Burlington 170 

Dickson's 227 

Jersey 170 

Northern 148 

New Northern 254 

Rhode Island 170 

Squire's 187 

Winter 206 

Wood's 283 

Yorkshire 213 

Green-Sweet, Hargreave's 106 

Gregson 222 

Grise 158 

Grosse d'Angleterre 167 

Pomme Noire d'Amerique 199 

Rouge de Septembre 50 

Guolden Pippings 95 

Hall Door 105 

Hampshire Yellow 99 

Harrison 239 

Harvest, Prince's 75 

Woolman's 274 

Harvey Apple 106 

Doctor 106 

Golden 92 

Round Russet 92 

Siberian 183 

Hausmiitterchen 91 

Haute Bonte 108 

Hawthornden 109 

New 254 

Seacliffe 270 

Winter 72 

Hawthorndean 109 

Red 109 

White 109 

Hay's Early 240 



Page, 

Hedge Apple 240 

Hedging, Summer 274 

Heidelocher 113 

Herbststrichapfel 152 

Rother 152 

Herfst- Present 50 

Hermannsapfel, Grosser Gestreifter 109 

Herrnapfel 229 

Rothe 266 

Hicks's Fancy 76 

Hill's Seedling 240 

Himbeerapfel, Langer Rother 209 

Weisser 48 

Hoare's Seedling 240 

Hoary Morning 110 

Hogshead 240 

Hollandbury 110 

Hollingbury 110 

Hollow Core Ill 

Hollow Crown, Little 248 

Home's Large 240 

Hood's Seedling 112 

Horselin 241 

Hoskreiger 113 

House 241 

Grey 241 

Hubbard's 113 

Hunthouse 115 

Huntingford 24i 

Hutchings's Seedling 190 

Hutchinson's Spotted 242 

Ice Apple, Russian 202 

Incomparable 242 

Barton's 31 

Lewis's 127 

Moss's 252 

Toker's 196 

Ingestrie, Red 164 

YeUow 212 

Irish Pitcher 131 

Iron Apple 42 

Iron Apple 242 

Ive's Seedling 242 

Jack Cade 242 

Janett, Rawle's 261 

Janurea 167 

Jeffreys's Seedling 242 

Jeniting 118 

Jenneting 118 

Jenneting, Early 118 

Jenny Sinclair 242 

Jersey 242 

Jerusalem 155 

Joanneting 118 

Joannina 118 

John 148 

John Apple 243 

Jonathan 243 

Jordbaeraeble 243 

Kantet 244 

Juliansapfel, Heilige 177 

Julien, Early 75 

Jidy-flower « ... 61 



INDEX. 



297 



July-flower, Cornish 61 

Summer 273 

June-eating 118 

American Red 230 

Early Red .... 132 

Early Striped 132 

Large White 75 

Red 132 

Striped 132 

White 118 

Juneting 118 

Jungfernapfel 23 

Juniting 118 

Kaiser Alexander Von Russland ... 77 

Kaiserheimer 247 

Kalwil, Rother Herbst 50 

Rother Winter 51 

Weisser Sommer 48 

Weiszer Winter 48 

Kernel, Ashmeacl's 26 

Bache's 36 

Dobbs's 228 

Dr. Ashmead's 26 

Dollar's 228 

Fletcher's 233 

Knotted 245 

Longville's 129 

Skerm's 271 

Stead's 187 

King George 40 

George the Third 40 

Harry 244 

Robert 244 

William 244 

King, Newark 254 

Warner's 201 

King of the Pippins 123 

King of the Pippins 99 

Kingston Black 123 

Kirschapfel 54 

Knight's Large 245 

Korpendu, Rode 64 

Krappe Kruin 245 

Krizapfel 246 

Kurzstiel, Rosenfarbiger 64 

Rothe 64 

Lading, Sweet 275 

Winter 207 

Lady Apple 23 

Lady de Grey's 120 

Lennox 246 

of the Wemyss 246 

Lady's Delight 124 

Lady's Finger 124 

Lady's Finger 203 

Lammas 132 

Lancashire Gap 246 

De Lande 247 

Langlast, Green 237 

Red 261 

Large Black 226 

Early 75 

Lasting, Somerset 185 



Page' 

Lawman's 247 

Leadington, Grey 104 

Green 237 

Large 247 

Monstrous 252 

Scarlet 178 

Stoup 273 

Leather Coat 175 

Lemon Apple 247 

Lily Buckland 66 

Little Beauty 248 

Herbert 248 

Lock's Seedling 248 

Long Bois 23 

Long Keeper, Buchanan's 220 

Mogg's 251 

Laster 248 

May 203 

Nose 128 

Seam 248 

Longstart 128 

Lord Cheney's Green 249 

Nelson, Backhouse's 141 

Kirke's 123 

Lothinger 162 

Lucombe's Seedling 130 

Macbeth 249 

Maclean 249 

Maclean's Favorite 249 

Madeleine 130 

Madeleine 50 

Mcetapfel a Fleurs Tardives 272 

Magdalene 132 

Mage's Johnny 102 

Maggie Duncan 249 

Maiden 249 

Maiden's Blush 130 

Majetin, Winter 207 

Mala Janurea 157 

Malacarle 135 

Malcarle 135 

Male Carle 135 

Malengre d'Angleterre 49 

Maltster 249 

Malus Aegra 49 

Apiosa 23 

Mammoth 91 

American 91 

Margaret 132 

Early 132 

Early Red 132 

of Miller 130 

Marget- Apple 132 

Margil 133 

Marguerite 132 

Marigold, Creed's 65 

Summer 274 

Maschanzker 49 

Masters's Seedling 250 

Mason's Early 250 

White 250 

Massavis 250 

Matapfel 266 



298 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



Page. 

Matapfel Spdtbluhender 272 

Matchless 144 

Maudlin 132 

Megginch Favorite 98 

Mela Carla 135 

Mela di Carlo 135 

Melo Rosa 24 

Melrose 136 

White 136 

Menagere 91 

Mere de Menage 137 

Mermaid 251 

Merveille de Portland 251 

De Miche 251 

Mignonne, Siely's 184 

Milch Apfel 219 

Mitchelson's Seedling 138 

Monkton 139 

Mon ster, Herefordshire 240 

Moore's Seedling 139 

Morden Bloom 252 

Round 252 

Striped 252 

Mother Apple 252 

Mother Apple 149 

Motteux's Seedling 32 

Mornit Stewart 253 

Moulin a Vent 253 

Mouse Apple 253 

Murphy 253 

Museau de Lievre 156 

Must, Red 164 

White 281 

My Jo Janet 254 

Nanny 140 

De Neige 141 

Nelson 141 

Never Fail 133 

Newark, Harrison's 239 

Newington, Shepherd's 270 

Newtown Pippin 143 

Newtown Pippin 22 

Lord Gwydyr's ... 21 

American 143 

Green 143 

Green 170 

Large 143 

Large Yellow 143 

Large Yellow 212 

Yellow 212 

Nine Square 255 

Noblesse de Gand 255 

Nompareil 145 

Nonsuch 144 

Langton 144 

Nonesuch 144 

Biggs's 37 

Bowes's 219 

Clifton 82 

Hampshire 239 

Hubbardston 241 

Round Winter 174 

Watson's New 205 



Page. 

Nonesuch Park 255 

Nonpareil 145 

American 215 

d'Angleterre 145 

Antrim 215 

Black 218 

Braddick's 43 

Cornish 224 

Ditton 43 

Downton 229 

Early 76 

English 145 

Fair's 81 

Flat 233 

Formosa 233 

Green 155 

Golden 236 

Hunt's 145 

Hunt's Royal 141 

Lacy's 76 

Margate 250 

Martin 135 

New 76 

New Scarlet 179 

Old 145 

Original 145 

Petworth 155 

Pitmaston 157 

Pitmaston Russet 157 

Redding's 262 

Ross 173 

Royal 267 

Russet- Coated 259 

St. John's 157 

Scarlet 179 

Stagg's 76 

Stubton 273 

Summer 76 

Sweeny 193 

Symonds's 276 

White 281 

Wright's 283 

Norfolk Pippin 20 

Norman, Knotted 245 

Red 261 

Normanton Wonder 72 

Northern Spy 256 

Nottingham 256 

Oak Peg 256 

Oaken Pin 256 

Oaks 256 

Ochiltree 256 

Ogaon 256 

Oldaker's New 21 

Old Maid's 124 

Oliver's 257 

Onion, Spanish 272 

OrackElma 257 

Orange 257 

Blenheim 38 

Isle of Wight 117 

Oranje Appel, Engelse 117 

Ord's Apple 148 



INDEX. 



299 



Orgeline 149 

Orglon 149 

Orjeline 149 

Orme 257 

Ortley 210 

Oslin 149 

Scotch 149 

Summer 149 

White 149 

Osterley Apple 150 

Ox Apple 91 

Pack-Horse 257 

Painted Lady 257 

Paradise, Norfolk 147 

Summer Sweet 274 

White 203 

Paris-apfel 48 

Parmdne, Englische Kon igs 174 

Scharlachrothe 179 

Parmain d'Hiver 208 

Parmentier 257 

Pass-pomm, Rothe Sommer 153 

Passe-pomme 155 

Passe-pomme 50 

d'Automne 152 

de Canada 175 

Cotellee.^ 152 

Panachee 156 

Kouge 153 

Rouge d'Automne ... 152 

Passe-rose 25 

Paternoster 91 

Paternoster Apfel 74 

Pawsan 153 

Peach, American 215 

American 156 

Irish 116 

Oxford 179 

Pear Apple 258 

Pearemaine 208 

Pearmaine, Great 208 

Pearmain 208 

Pearmain, Adams's 20 

American 192 

American Summer 23 

Arundel 112 

Augustus 27 

Autumn 192 

Barcelona 30 

Baxter's 32 

Bell's Scarlet 179 

Benwell's 35 

Blue 258 

Bristol 45 

Capper's 221 

Chester 55 

Claygate 55 

Double 174 

Drue Summer 192 

Earl of Yarmouth's 151 

Early Summer 23 

Federal 82 

Foulden 87 



Page. 

Pearmain, Gestreifter Sommer 192 

Gilliflower 235 

Golden 94 

Golden Winter 99 

Grange's 101 

Hammon's 113 

Herefordshire 174 

Hertfordshire 174 

Hormead 112 

Horrex's 87 

Hubbard's 113 

Kernel 243 

Kilkenny 122 

Lamb Abbey 125 

Laneb Abbey 125 

Loan's 127 

Mannington's 131 

Merveille 174 

Old 208 

Oxnead 151 

Panson's 257 

Parry's 152 

Polinia 30 

Royal 174 

Royal de longue duree 1 74 

Ruckman's 94 

Rushock 176 

Russet 113 

Kusset Table 176 

Scarlet 179 

Spanish 272 

Speckled 30 

Summer 192 

Sussex Scarlet 275 

Vale Mascal 199 

Wick 205 

Wickham's 205 

Winter 208 

Peckman 258 

Pennington's Seedling 154 

Pepin d'Or 95 

Peppeling, Koznings 95 

Pepping Downton's 68 

Engelsche Goud 95 

Engelsche Konings, 

of Kings 174 

Englischer Kleiner Stein 147 

Gold 95 

Goud 95 

Goudelings 95 

Grauwe, of Blanke Van 

der Laan 208 

Litle 95 

Marmorirter Sommer . . . 250 

Rother Kentischer 121 

Zeeuwsche 208 

Peppins, Guolden 95 

Permanent 258 

Permein Drue cTAngleterre 208 

Permenes 208 

Peter Lely Zoete 284 

Petit Jean 154 

Petworth Seedling 258 



300 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



Phoenix Apple 77 

Pickman 258 

Pigeon 155 

Bigarre 156 

Rouge 155 

Pigeonnet 156 

Blanc 156 

Blanc d'Ete 156 

Gros de Rouen 156 

Pine- Apple 129 

Lucombe's 129 

Pinner Seedling 157 

Pintstoup, Sweet 275 

Pipe, Englische Gelbe 95 

Pippin, Alderston 215 

Althorpe 134 

American Newtown 143 

Arbroath 149 

Aromatic 60 

Autumn Golden 216 

Baddow 28 

Ba gone 95 

Balgone Golden 95 

Balgown 95 

Balmanno 216 

Bay ford 95 

Beat's 217 

Belledge 34 

Bere Court 36 

Birmingham 37 

Bland's Orange 218 

Blenheim 38 

Boatswain's 260 

Bowyer's Golden 42 

Breeclon 43 

Bridgewater 44 

Bringewood 45 

Broad-eyed 46 

Brown Cockle 57 

Brummage 37 

Bullock's 182 

Cambridge 34 

Cambusnethan 221 

Carberry 221 

Christie's 55 

Clara 56 

Claremont 206 

Cley 223 

Clove 223 

Cluster 56 

Cluster Golden 56 

Cobbett's fall 166 

Cockle 57 

Cockle's 57 

Colonel Harbord's 59 

Court of Wick 63 

Cracked 245 

Cray 65 

Crimson 226 

Croom 225 

Cumberland 225 

Dalmahoy 225 

Darling 66 



Page, 

Pippin, Darlington 226 

Dr. Hel sham's 68 

Dowell's 68 

Downton 68 

Dredge's Golden 244 

Duke of Beaufort's 72 

Easter 206 

Edmonton's Aromatic 121 

Eldon 231 

Elford 77 

Elton 68 

Elton Golden 68 

Embroidered 232 

Embroidered 83 

Englise 98 

English Golden 95 

Essex 80 

Pall 22 

Pall 166 

Farleigh 81 

Farley 81 

Earthing's 233 

Fearn's 82 

Ferris 82 

Flanders 84 

Five-Crowned 128 

Florence 82 

Forfar 233 

Formosa 171 

Franklin's Golden 89 

French 234 

French 254 

Frith 131 

Fry's 63 

Gargey 234 

Garret 40 

Girkin 211 

Gogar 92 

Golden 95 

Grange's 101 

Grey Leading Xn 104 

Greaves's 237 

Green Newton 143 

Green Newtown 170 

Green Winer 143 

Greenup's 103 

Greenus's 103 

Griddleton 238 

Grummage 37 

Grumas's 37 

Haggerston 239 

Hampshire Yellow Golden 99 

Harvey's 107 

Hawberry 110 

Henry's Weeping 240 

Hertfordshire Golden 95 

Hermann's 109 

Holland 110 

Hollow-crowned 112 

Hollow-eyed 112 

Hormead 112 

Horsley 110 

How's 241 



INDEX. 



301 



Page. 

Pippin, Howberry 110 

Hughes'sGolden 114 

Hughes's New Golden 114 

Ironstone 206 

Isle of Wight 117 

Jackson's 242 

Jones's Southampton 99 

Jubilee 38 

July 75 

July, Early 75 

Keddleston 243 

Kempster's 38 

Kentish 32 

Kentish 120 

Kentish 121 

Kerry 121 

Keston 244 

Kingswick 63 

Kirke's Golden 244 

Kirke's Lemon 126 

Kirton 46 

Kirton Ill 

Kirton 245 

Knight's 68 

Knight's Golden ..... „ 68 

Knight's Lemon 245 

Lady Louisa 246 

Large Fall 166 

Large Newtown 143 

Large Yellow Newtown 143 

Large Yellow Newtown 212 

Lawrence's New White ... 247 

Lemon 126 

Leyden 247 

Lincolnshire Holland 127 

London 128 

London Golden 95 

Lovedon's 145 

Lucas's 249 

Marygold 250 

Marmalade 134 

Michael Henry 251 

Middleton 242 

Milton Golden 95 

Mollet's Guernsey 251 

Monkland 138 

Monstow's 94 

Monstrous 91 

Moorhen 252 

Moxhay 253 

Munches 133 

Munster 253 

Newark 254 

New Cluster Golden 244 

New England 254 

Neiv Golden 244 

New London 128 

New Rock 142 

Newton 143 

Newtown 143 

Newtown 22 

New-York 144 

Norfolk 20 



Page. 

Pippin,Norfolk Stone 147 

Normandy 256 

Northwick 38 

Nottingham 148 

Nutmeg 57 

Nutmeg Cockle 57 

Old Golden 95 

Old Park 256 

Orange 117 

Original 149 

Osterley 150 

Padley's 151 

Padley's Royal George 151 

Paradise 203 

Parsonage 257 

Petersburgh 143 

Pie 110 

Pine- Apple 129 

Pomegranate 186 

Ponto 159 

Pound 260 

Prussian 61 

Ravelston 163 

Red Kentish 121 

Eed Sweet 262 

Ribston 171 

Rigby's 265 

Rival Golden 63 

Rival Golden... 215 

Robinson's 172 

Rodmersham 265 

Russet Golden 95 

St. Mary's 68 

Salopian 268 

Scarlet Golden 269 

Screveton Golden 180 

Shepherd's 21 

Silver 271 

Simpson's 148 

Slade's 271 

Small Golding 95 

South Carolina 271 

Spencer's 272 

Stettin 74 

Stone 37 

Stone 92 

Stone 147 

Stonyroyd 273 

Sti'iped Holland 127 

Strodc-House 273 

Stunner 187 

Sudlow's Fall 89 

Sugar Loaf 190 

Summer 191 

Summer 130 

Summer 110 

Summer Golden 191 

Sweet 275 

Taunton Golden 194 

Thoral 205 

Thorle 205 

Travers's 171 

Twin Cluster 56 



302 



Page. 

Pippin, Valleyfield 278 

Van 278 

VaurCs 121 

Veiny 199 

Wadhurst 200 

Warter's Golden] 95 

Warwickshire 211 

Welsch 134 

West Grinstead 201 

Whernel's 280 

White 147 

White Cockle 57 

White Stone 147 

White Summer 191 

Whitmore 205 

Whorle 205 

Wick's 63 

Williams's 282 

Woodstock 38 

Woolaton 64 

Wormsley 210 

Wyken 211 

Yellow 254 

Yellow Newtown 212 

Pippins, King of the 123 

Kingofthe 99 

Pipping, Gulden 95 

Leadington's Grauer 1 04 

Wyker 98 

Plate, American 95 

Pearson's 154 

Pome de Fraise 48 

Rembures 162 

Pomeroy 158 

Early 230 

New' 255 

Winter 282 

Pomewater 159 

Pommed'Anis 82 

d'Api 23 

d'Api Gros 25 

d'Apict 23 

d'Apis 23 

Appease 25 

d'Astrachan 202 

deBardin 83 

de Berlin 64 

Caractere 83 

Carl 135 

de Ceiise 54 

de Charles 135 

de Coin 48 

de Concombre 49 

Dieu 23 

dtEte 75 

d'Etoille 25 

Etoillee 25 

de Framboise 48 

Finale 135 

Glace 48 

Glace 49 

de Glace 202 

Granate 232 I 



Page, 

PommeGrelot 50 

Grise 158 

d'ltalie 250 

Josephine 91 

de Laak 74 

Madame 98 

Madame 263 

Madaleine Grosse 50 

Malecarle 135 

de Malingre 49 

Melon ... 91 

de Notre Dame 162 

d'Or 95 

d'Orange 117 

d' Outre-passe 152 

Poire 145 

Poire 259 

de Prochain 40 

Regelans ? 61 

Pose 23 

Pose 25 

Sonnette 50 

Poor Man's Profit 259 

Pope's Apple 160 

Porte Tulipee 259 

Porter 259 

Portugal 167 

Porstorffer 40 

Postophe d' Hiver 40 

Pound 259 

Prager 169 

Pride of the Ditches 1 84 

Priestley 260 

Primiting 118 

Prince Royal 260 

Princess Royal, Hulbert's 241 

Princesse Noble 98 

Princesse Noble 238 

Princesse Noble Zoete 64 

Prinzessinapfel, Grosser Edler . . . 238 

Pyrus Astracanica 202 

Quarenden, Bed 67 

Quarrenden, Devonshire 67 

Striped 132 

Quarentine 67 

Red 67 

Quarrington 67 

Devonshire 67 

Queen 260 

Queen Charlotte 260 

Charlotte, Dredge's 229 

Devonshire 227 

Of Sauce 161 

Summer 274 

Queening, Cowarne 148 

Cowarne 224 

Crimson 225 

Grey 238 

Summer 274 

Winter 209 

Queen's 40 

Quince 126 

Quining, Winter 209 



INDEX. 



303 



Quittenapfel, Franzosischer 48 

Englischer Winter ... 126 

Eothe Winter 51 

Quodling 79 

Quoining, Winter 209 

Kabine 162 

Kambo 162 

Rambour 162 

Ranibour 260 

Blanc 162 

a Cotes Gros 48 

d'Ete 162 

Franc 162 

d'Hiver 260 

Gros 162 

Kirke's Schoner 110 

Lothinger 162 

Summer 162 

Weisse Sommer 162 

Rambourg 162 

Rambourge 162 

Eambourger Fruher 162 

Range 261 

De Rateau 166 

Rather Ripe 261 

Rawling, Red Streaked 165 

Red Aisle 261 

Bag 261 

Coat 261 

Red, Pennock's 258 

Red, Pryor's 260 

Red Winter, Pennock's 258 

Pennock's Large 258 

Red-Streak 233 

Red-Streak 1 64 

Bovey 219 

Carse 222 

Devonshire 227 

Dorsetshire 229 

Herefordshire 164 

Keeping 120 

Kernel 244 

Rawling 's Fine 166 

Winter 221 

Reed's Baker 146 

Reinette, Aechte Graue Franzosische 1 69 

d'Aix 98 

d'Allemagne 40 

d'Angleterre 95 

Autumn 216 

Batarde 40 

Baumann 262 

BischoflPs 217 

Blanche 168 

Blanche 262 

Blanche or Franche 168 

(lite Prime 168 

d'Espagne 166 

Bordeauer Gold 236 

De Breda 166 

De Caen 167 

Calvillee 262 

Canada 167 



Page. 

Reinette De Canada 167 

Blanche 167 

a Cotes 167 

Grise 175 

Platte 175 

Du Canada 167 

Canadian 167 

Des Carmes 30 

Carpentin 167 

Cassel 30 

Christ's Gold 222 

Golden 74 

Deutsche Gold 222 

Citronen 222 

De Citron 222 

DeClareval 262 

Contin 60 

Courtpendu 83 

Rouge 64 

Crede's Quitten 225 

Credos Giitten 225 

Diel 168 

Dietzer Rothe Mandel ... 227 

Doree 74 

Doree 263 

Royale 245 

De Doue 263 

Drap d'Or 83 

Early French 75 

Englische Biischel 56 

Englische Spitals 193 

Englische Granat 232 

English 95 

D'Espagne 166 

Forellen 265 

Franche 168 

Franz 168 

Franzosische Edel 168 

French 168 

French 234 

Gaesdonker Gold 234 

Gelbe Zucker 169 

Gielen 98 

Glanz 235 

Gold Von Bordeaux 236 

Golden 98 

De Goslinga 83 

Grise 169 

D'Angleterre Petit 263 

D'Automne 263 

De Champagne ...... 83 

Doree 263 

Extra 169 

Francaise 169 

De Granville 263 

Haute Bonte 108 

D'Hiver 169 

De Hollande 263 

New 255 

Grosse d'Angleterre 263 

d'Angleterre 167 

de Canada 167 

Englische 167 



304 



BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC, 



Page. 
Reinette, Grosse Oder Doppelte 

Casseler * 74 

Grime 170 

De Havre 263 

Hollandisehe Gold 74 

Hollow-eyed 240 

De Hong'rie 263 

Irish 117 

Jaune Hative 263 

Sucree 169 

Tardive 263 

Kirke's Golden 98 

Kleine Casseler 30 

Graue 167 

Konigs 245 

Krauter 245 

DeLaak 264 

Marbree 263 

Menonisten 251 

Michaux 264 

De Misnie 40 

Muscat 253 

Musquee 253 

Naine 264 

Nonpareil 145 

Du Nord 264 

De Normandie 168 

D'Orleans 264 

Phillips's 63 

Pictee 264 

Proliferous 161 

Quince 264 

Quitten 264 

Rousse 30 

Royal 175 

Saffran 268 

Selwood's 181 

Speckled Golden 30 

Spice 272 

Striped Monstrous 189 

Tachetee 265 

Tendre 166 

Tres Tardive 265 

Trevoider 277 

Truite 265 

Tyroler Glanz 235 

Uellner's Gold 198 

Van Mons 169 

De Vigan 265 

Verte 170 

Wahre 167 

Weisse 168 

WeisseAntillische Winter 279 

Wacks 279 

Wellington's 72 

White Spanish 166 

Winter Anis 82 

Yellow German 98 

Zimmk 284 

Renet, Golden..' 98 

Renett, Grauwe Franse 169 

Renette, Groene 170 

Groene Franse 170 



Page 

Rennet, Golden 98 

Monstrous 252 

Mother 253 

Rhode Island 91 

Ribston, Small 133 

Spring 28 

Rival 265 

Rob Roy 265 

Roi Tres Noble 231 

RoVand 34 

Romaine 265 

Romanite 162 

Roman Stem 265 

Romril 266 

Rosalind 266 

Rose Apple 266 

Rose de China 172 

Rose, Summer 274 

Rosenapi 25 

Rosmarinapfel Rother 50 

Weisse Italienische 279 

Rostocker 266 

Rouge de Chartreux 49 

Rougham Seedling 266 

Round Head 267 

Rowe's Seedling 267 

Royal George 267 

Jersey 267 

Shepherd 176 

Somerset 128 

Royale 268 

Rubenapfel 25 

Ruby, Winter 283 

Russet, Acklam's 20 

Aclemy 20 

Aromatic 26 

Boston 42 

Bowyer's 42 

Byson Wood 47 

Dredge's 229 

French 234 

Golden 99 

Hardinghani 's 156 

Harvey's 239 

Horsham 112 

Irish 178 

Keeping 120 

Knobbed 124 

Knobby 1 24 

Morris's 140 

Nonpareil 140 

Newjorker 143 

Nine Partner's Little 255 

Nonpareil 140 

Patch's 152 

Pile's 156 

Pine- Apple 156 

Pitmaston Nonpareil 259 

Powell's 161 

Pyle's 156 

Putman's 42 

Rosemary 173 

Royal 175 



INDEX. 



i305 



Page. 

Russet St. Helena 167 

Sandy's 269 

Sharp's 270 

Shippers 42 

Striped Nonpareil 273 

Sweet 276 

Sweeting 276 

Sykehouse 193 

Wheeler's 201 

White 281 

Wine 282 

Russetting, Aromatic or Golding ... 99 

Roxbury 42 

Russian 273 

Russian Emperor 77 

Rymer 177 

Sabine. 102 

Sack Apple 67 

Sack and Sugar 177 

St. Patrick 268 

Sam Rawlings 1 10 

Sam Young 178 

Sanguineus 141 

Sanguinole 51 

Sapling Bark ..'..' 269 

Sapson 186 

Sapsonvine 186 

DeSauge '.'. 269 

St. Lawrence 268 

St Julien 177 

Scarlet Keeper 269 

Perfume 59 

Schafer 269 

Scotsman 269 

Scottish Chief 269 

Sea Cliff 269 

Seal, White 281 

Sedgefield 270 

Seek-no -farther 181 

Seek-no-farther 213 

American 162 

Seigneur d'Orsay 177 

Sergeant 270 

Shagreen 270 

Shakespere 182 

Sheep's Nose 182 

Shepherd's Seedling 21 

Shireling 246 

Shustoke 270 

Siberian Crab 54 

Siberian Sugar 270 

Silverling 270 

Simpson's Seedling 271 

Sir Walter Blackefts Favorite 231 

Sir William Gibbon's 184 

Sleeping Beauty 185 

Winter 185 

Small Stalk 185 

Solebury Cider 220 

Sommerapfel, Astracanischer 202 

Rothe Wiener 266 

Sonnette 271 

Sops in Wine 186 



Page . 

Sops of Wine 186 

Souring, Hauwell 106 

Sovereign 271 

Spaniard 272 

French ... 234 

Spatbliihende 272 

Spice Apple 186 

Early 76 

Spitzemberg 186 

English 144 

Pownal 260 

Spitzenberg ^Esopus 80 

Burlington 144 

Newtown 144 

Spitzenburgh JEsopus 80 

Esopus 80 

Flushing 85 

True 80 

Square, Hutton 115 

Stirzaker's Early 188 

Standard 272 

Sternapfel 25 

Stibbert, Summer 25 

Stetting Rouge 266 

Stettiner Rothe 266 

Stire 86 

Stirling Castle 273 

Storing, Norfolk 206 

Straat 273 

Strawberry, Early 230 

Summer 192 

Winter 283 

Streak, Golden 99 

Striefing d' Hiver 215 

Leitheimer 247 

Styre, Forest 86 

Norman 255 

White 281 

Sugar and Brandy 190 

Sudbury Beauty 273 

Summer Traveller 132 

Sussex 275 

Swaar 275 

Sweet Harvest 125 

Sweeting, Hampstead 239 

Ladies' 246 

St. Patrick's 268 

Wetherel's White 280 

Sykehouse 193 

Tankerton 276 

Tankerville 276 

Tart, Mansfield 249 

Taubenapfel, Rothe 155 

Taubenartige Apfel 156 

Taubenfarbige Apfel 156 

Ten Shillings 195 

Tenterden Park 195 

Tetofsky 276 

Tetedu Chat 266 

Teuchat's Egg 195 

Summer 195 

Thickset 56 

Thickset 276 



306 



BBITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



Page. 

Thoresby Seedling 277 

Thorle, Summer 205 

Tiffing, Green 102 

Scarlet 180 

Tom Potter... 277 

Tower of Glammis 196 

Transparent Apple 202 

Muscovite 202 

Russian 202 

Wood's 63 

Transparent de Zurich 277 

Traubenapfel 23 

Traveller 277 

Travelling Queen 277 

Treadle-Hole 197 

Trumpeter 197 

Trumpington 197 

Tulip 198 

TvMp, Dutch 198 

Tulp 198 

Tulpen 198 

Turk's Cap 198 

Tarpin 277 

Twickenham 278 

Two Yearling 278 

Underleaf 278 

Vandervere 278 

Van Dyne 210 

Victoria, Hulbert's 241 

Violet 199 

Violette 199 

De Quatres Gouts 199 

Virgin, Green 238 

Scotch 204 

White 204 

Wacks Apfel 279 

Wallace Wight 279 

Walmer Court 148 

Waltham Abbey Seedling 200 

Wanstall 200 

Ward Apple 279 

Warden, Winter 283 

Watch Apple 221 

Wax, Early 77 



P«ge. 

Weeper, Scarlet 269 

Weiner Maschanzkerl 40 

Wellington 72 

Westling, White 204 

White Apple 109 

White Leaf 281 

White Lily 66 

Dredge's 66 

White Sour, Devonshire 2 27 

Wilding, Devonshire 227 

Roval 268 

Sweet Little 275 

William 281 

Williams's Favorite 282 

Wiltshire Defiance, Harvey's 1 07 

Wine 282 

Green 238 

Eed 262 

Tulip 277 

Twin 278 

White 204 

Windham's Seedling 282 

Winter Apple 124 

Winter Bush, Tewkesbury 276 

Scarlet 283 

Winter Sweet 226 

Witch, Lancashire 247 

Wise Apple 64 

Witte Leipziger 40 

Woodcock 21C 

Green 103 

New 255 

Wood Nymph 283 

Wood's Huntingdon 63 

Woodpecker 29 

Woolman's Long 210 

Wyger's 98 

Wyn, Witte 283 

Yellow Harvest 75 

Prince's 75 

Young's Long Keeping 206 

Seedling 284 

Zimmetapfel, Gestreifter Sommer 234 

Zweihelapfel 266 



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